ล้ม
lómMeanings
1VerbA2
to fall; topple
to fall down or tip over from an upright or standing position
Examples
เด็กdèkเด็กdèk1child; kid2young person (informal)วิ่งwîngวิ่งwîng1[to] run2[to] run (operate; be in service)3[to] flow; courseแล้วlɛ́ɛoแล้วlɛ́ɛo1already; now (as of this point)2then; and then; after that3already; completed-action marker4and; and then (linking clauses)ล้มlómล้มlóm1to fall; topple2to collapse; fail3[to] knock down; fell4[to] cancel; scrap; scuttle5[to] overthrow; topple
The child ran and fell down.
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Yesterday I tripped on a rock and fell in front of the school.
It rained and the road was slippery; many people fell off their bicycles.
เขาkăoพยายามpà-yaa-yaamลุกขึ้นlúk kêunอย่างช้าๆyàang cháa cháaหลังจากlăng jàakล้มlómกลางglaangสนามsà-năam
He tried to get up slowly after falling in the middle of the field.
2VerbB1
to collapse; fail
to break down or fail (e.g., business, plan, negotiation, system)
Examples
แผนpɛ̌ɛnแผนpɛ̌ɛn1plan; strategy2scheme; plotเปิดbpə̀ətเปิดbpə̀ət1[to] open; uncover; unwrap2[to] turn on; switch on3[to] start; launch; open for businessร้านกาแฟráan-gaa-fɛɛร้านกาแฟráan-gaa-fɛɛcoffee shop; caféของเขาkɔ̌ɔng-kǎoของเขาkɔ̌ɔng-kǎohis; hers; theirsล้มlómล้มlóm1to fall; topple2to collapse; fail3[to] knock down; fell4[to] cancel; scrap; scuttle5[to] overthrow; toppleเพราะprɔ́เพราะprɔ́1because2because of; due to3melodious; pleasant-soundingขาดkàatขาดkàat1[to] lack; be without2[to] be short of; run short of; run out of3[to] be torn; tear; rip4lacking; deficient5[to] be absent; miss (an occurrence)6[to] be cut off; be severedเงินทุนngən-tunเงินทุนngən-tuncapital; funds
His plan to open a coffee shop failed because of a lack of funds.
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โครงการพัฒนาkroong-gaan-pát-tá-naaหมู่บ้านmùu-bâanล้มlómหลังจากlǎng-jàakผู้สนับสนุนpûu-sà-nàp-sà-nǔnถอนตัวtɔ̌ɔn-dtuua
The village development project failed after the sponsors withdrew.
การเจรจาgaan-jee-rá-jaaสัญญาsǎn-yaaล้มเหลวlóm-lěeoเมื่อmʉ̂ʉaทั้งtángสองsɔ̌ɔngฝ่ายfàaiตกลงdtòk-longเรื่องrʉ̂ʉangราคาraa-kaaไม่ได้mâi-dâai
The contract negotiation fell through when both sides couldn't agree on the price.
ระบบrá-bòpจองตั๋วjɔɔng-dtǔuaล้มlómในช่วงnai-chûuangชั่วโมงเร่งด่วนchûua-moong-rêng-dùuanทำให้tam-hâiผู้ใช้pûu-cháiจำนวนมากjam-nuuan-mâakไม่สามารถmâi-sǎa-mâatเข้าkâoใช้งานได้chái-ngaan-dâai
The ticketing system went down during rush hour, causing many users to be unable to access it.
3VerbB1
[to] knock down; fell
to cause someone or something to fall, for example by pushing, striking, or cutting
Examples
ช่างchângช่างchâng1artisan; mechanic; technician2crafts-; technical (prefix)3never mind; let it be4how (exclamatory)5[to] be inclined to; be given toใช้cháiใช้chái1[to] use; employ2[to] spend (money); pay; expend3[to] require; take (time/effort/amount)4[to] tell [sb] to do [sth]; assign; orderขวานkwǎanขวานkwǎan1axe; ax2classifier: เล่มโค่นkôonโค่นkôon1[to] fell; cut down2[to] overthrow; topple; defeat decisivelyต้นไม้dtôn-máaiต้นไม้dtôn-máai1tree2plants/greenery (general, esp. woody plants)ให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3[to] have [sb] do; cause to4for (benefit of)5so that; in order to6until; to the point that (result)ล้มลงlóm-longล้มลงlóm-long1[to] fall down; topple over2[to] collapse (from illness/weakness)อย่างระมัดระวังyàang-rá-mát-rá-wangอย่างระมัดระวังyàang-rá-mát-rá-wangcarefully; cautiously
The worker used an axe to fell the tree carefully.
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ระหว่างrá-wàangการฝึกgaan-fʉ̀kตำรวจdtam-rùuatเขาkǎoผลักplàkผู้ร้ายpûu-ráaiให้hâiล้มlómแล้วlɛ́ɛoใส่sàiกุญแจมือgun-jɛɛ-mʉʉทันทีtan-tii
During police training, he knocked the criminal down and handcuffed him immediately.
เด็กๆdèk dèkช่วยกันchûuai ganผลักplàkเสาไม้săo máaiให้hâiล้มlómเพื่อpêuuaทำtamทางtaangข้ามkâamชั่วคราวchûua-kraao
The kids pushed the wooden post down to make a temporary crossing.
เพราะprɔ́ลมแรงlom-rɛɛngช่างchângจึงjʉngต้องdtɔ̂ngตัดdtàtกิ่งgìngใหญ่yàiให้hâiล้มlómไปbpaiทิศtítที่tîiกำหนดgam-nòtเพื่อไม่ให้pʉ̂ʉa-mâi-hâiกระทบgrà-tópสายไฟsǎai-fai
Because of strong winds, the worker had to cut the large branch to make it fall in a set direction so it wouldn’t affect the power lines.
4VerbB2
[to] cancel; scrap; scuttle
to abandon or cause the cancellation or failure of a plan, project, arrangement, or event
Examples
คณะká-náคณะká-ná1group; party; troupe; delegation2faculty (university division)3committee; board (as a body)4classifier: groups/delegations/troupesผู้จัดpûu-jàtผู้จัดpûu-jàt1organizer; arranger2producer (entertainment)ประกาศbprà-gàatประกาศbprà-gàat1[to] announce; declare2announcement; notice3proclamation; decree4[to] proclaim; promulgate (form.)ล้มเลิกlóm-lə̂əkล้มเลิกlóm-lə̂ək[to] cancel; abandon; scrapงานสัมมนาngaan-sǎm-má-naaงานสัมมนาngaan-sǎm-má-naaseminarเพราะprɔ́เพราะprɔ́1because2because of; due to3melodious; pleasant-soundingพายุpaa-yúพายุpaa-yú1storm2storm (figurative)เข้าkâoเข้าkâo1[to] enter; go in2[to] put in; insert3[to] understand4[to] join; enter (an organization, school, etc.)5[to] fit; suit; match6rice (archaic; dialectal)7[to] enter; reach (a period or stage)
The organizers announced the cancellation of the seminar because a storm was coming.
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สภาsà-paaมีmiiมติล้มmá-dtì-lómร่างกฎหมายrâang-gòt-mǎaiฉบับchà-bàpนั้นnánหลังlǎngการอภิปรายgaan-à-pí-bpraaiอย่างyàangยืดเยื้อyʉ̂ʉt-yʉ́ʉa
The parliament voted to set aside that bill after a lengthy debate.
ศาลอุทธรณ์sǎan-ùt-tɔɔnพิพากษาpí-pâak-sǎaล้มlómคำตัดสินkam-dtàt-sǐnของkɔ̌ɔngศาลชั้นต้นsǎan-chán-dtônเนื่องจากnʉ̂ʉang-jàakมีmiiพยานหลักฐานpá-yaan-làk-tǎanใหม่mài
The Court of Appeal overturned the trial court’s decision due to new evidence.
ผู้จัดการทีมpûu-jàt-gaan-tiimตัดสินใจdtàt-sǐn-jaiล้มเลิกlóm-lə̂əkการแถลงข่าวgaan-tà-lɛ̌ɛng-kàaoเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaหลีกเลี่ยงlìik-lîiangความขัดแย้งkwaam-kàt-yɛ́ɛngที่tîiอาจàatเกิดขึ้นgə̀ət-kʉ̂n
The team manager decided to cancel the press conference to avoid potential conflicts.
5VerbC1
[to] overthrow; topple
to bring down or overthrow a power, government, or authority
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markMai tho
- Syllable endingLive syllableNot needed here: the tone mark decides.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
High tone
lóm
Starts high and keeps climbing.
Low class + Mai tho → High
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |