อัตนัย

àt-dtà-nai

Meanings

1AdjectiveB2

subjective

Based on personal feelings, interpretations, or individual judgment rather than external facts or measurable criteria; not objective.

Examples

3 more examples
2NounC1

written-response question; essay-type question

A test question requiring the examinee to compose an answer rather than select one from supplied options.

Examples

ครูkruuครูkruu1teacher2master; mentor (respectful)3classifier: คน; ท่าน (respectful)ให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3to; for [sb] (recipient)4[to] have [sb] do; cause to5for (benefit of)6so that; in order to7until; to the point that (result)ทำtamทำtam1[to] do; make2[to] act; behave3[to] cook; prepare food4[to] do; carry out (work)5[to] cause; makeข้อสอบkôr sòpข้อสอบkôr sòp1exam paper; test paper; set of exam questions2exam question; test itemอัตนัยàt-dtà-naiอัตนัยàt-dtà-nai1subjective2written-response question; essay-type questionเรื่องrêuuangเรื่องrêuuang1matter; issue; subject2story; tale3classifier for stories/films/cases4about; regarding (as a topic marker)วิเคราะห์wí-króวิเคราะห์wí-kró[to] analyzeบทความbòt kwaamบทความbòt kwaamarticle; essayนักเรียนnák riianนักเรียนnák riianschool student; pupilต้องdtôngต้องdtông1must; have to2must; bound toเขียนkĭianเขียนkĭian1[to] write2[to] draw; sketch3[to] fill out; write in4[to] compose; author5[to] write (data); burn (a disc)คำตอบkam dtòpคำตอบkam dtòp1answer; reply2solution; correct answerยาวๆyaao yaaoยาวๆyaao yaao1for a long time; continuously (informal)2at length; extensively (informal)3keep it going; more of the same (colloq. exhortation)ด้วยdûuayด้วยdûuay1with; together with2also; too; as well3by; by means of; using4because of; due to5because; since (formal/literary)6request particle; please; tooความคิดkwaam kítความคิดkwaam kít1idea; thought2thinking; reasoning3opinion; view4mindset; ideology; way of thinkingของkŏngของkŏng1of; belonging to2thing; item; stuff3property; goodsตนเองdton ayngตนเองdton ayng1oneself (reflexive pronoun)2one's own (possessive)3the self; one's identity
The teacher assigned an essay-type test on article analysis, and students had to write long answers in their own words.
3 more examples

Tones

See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.

Why is อัตนัย said อัด-ตะ-ไน?

àt-dtà-nai

The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.

3 syllables · pick one to see its rule

How the tone is decided

  1. Consonant classMid class
  2. Tone markNo tone mark
  3. Syllable endingDead syllableEnds in -ด, a stop, so it is dead.

Mid class consonants

กจฎฏดตบปอ

Result

Low tone

àt

Starts low and stays low, easing slightly down.

Mid class + No tone mark + Dead syllable → Low

Tone chart

Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.

Mid classHigh classLow class
No mark + liveMidRisingMid
No mark + dead shortLowLowHigh
No mark + dead longLowLowFalling
Mai ekLowLowFalling
Mai thoFallingFallingHigh
Mai triHigh——
Mai chattawaRising——