คลุม
klumMeanings
1VerbA2
[to] cover; drape [over]; put a cover on
to place something over [sth] to hide, protect, or keep it warm; to drape cloth or a cover over [sth]
Examples
แม่mɛ̂ɛแม่mɛ̂ɛ1mother; mom2form of address for a woman (traditional/familiar)3prefix: female; main; baseคลุมklumคลุมklum1[to] cover; drape [over]; put a cover on2[to] blanket; overlay3broad; sweeping; non-specific4[to] cover; include (costs/risks)ผ้าห่มpâa-hòmผ้าห่มpâa-hòmblanketให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3[to] have [sb] do; cause to4for (benefit of)5so that; in order to6until; to the point that (result)ลูกlûukลูกlûuk1child; son; daughter2offspring (of animals); young3ball; spherical object4fruit5classifier: fruits, balls, and certain other objectsตอนdtɔɔnตอนdtɔɔn1section; part2episode; chapter3when; at the time (of)4time segment; periodหลับlàpหลับlàp1[to] sleep; [to] fall asleep2asleep (stative)
Mom covers the child with a blanket while sleeping.
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I put paper over the cake to keep dust off before serving.
พอpɔɔฝนfǒnเริ่มrə̂əmตกdtòkเราraoรีบrîipคลุมklumมอเตอร์ไซค์mɔɔ-dtəə-sáiด้วยdûuaiผ้าใบpâa-baiเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaป้องกันbpɔ̂ng-ganน้ำnáamเข้าkâoเครื่องkrʉ̂ʉang
When it started to rain, we quickly draped a tarp over the motorcycle to prevent water from getting into the engine.
2VerbB1
[to] blanket; overlay
to spread over a surface in a layer or as a covering
Examples
เช้านี้cháo néeเช้านี้cháo néethis morningหมอกmòkหมอกmòkfog; mistบางbaangบางbaang1some; certain2thin; slightๆ-คลุมทุ่งklum tûngคลุมทุ่งklum tûng1[to] cover a field; blanket the fields2field-covering; spread over the fieldsนาnaaนาnaapaddy field; rice fieldเป็นbpenเป็นbpen1to be (identity/category/state)2to become3[to] know how; be able to (skill)4[to] have; suffer from; be in (a condition)ผืนpĕunผืนpĕun1classifier (flat expanses/items)2sheet; stretch (flat expanse)สีขาวsĕe kăaoสีขาวsĕe kăao1the color white2white (in color)3figurative: pure/innocent/harmless
This morning a thin fog spread over the rice field like a white sheet.
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Fine ice crystals spread over the road surface, making it slippery and hard to walk.
สีเทาsǐi-taoที่tîiพ่นpônใหม่màiคลุมklumผนังpà-nǎngทั้งtángแผงpɛ̌ɛngจนjonลายlaaiเก่าgàoแทบtɛ̂ɛpมองไม่เห็นmɔɔng-mâi-hěn
The newly sprayed gray paint spread over the entire wall panel, almost hiding the old pattern.
ใบไม้bai-máaiร่วงrûuangคลุมklumหน้าดินnâa-dinเป็นbpenชั้นchánหนาnǎaช่วยchûuaiรักษาrák-sǎaความชื้นkwaam-chʉ́ʉnให้hâiโคนkoonต้นไม้dtôn-máai
Fallen leaves spread over the soil in a thick layer, helping retain moisture at the base of the trees.
3AdjectiveB2
broad; sweeping; non-specific
covering many things without detail; general and not specific (e.g., a sweeping statement)
Examples
คำตอบkam-dtɔ̀ɔpคำตอบkam-dtɔ̀ɔp1answer; reply2solution; correct answerของเขาkɔ̌ɔng-kǎoของเขาkɔ̌ɔng-kǎohis; hers; theirsคลุมklumคลุมklum1[to] cover; drape [over]; put a cover on2[to] blanket; overlay3broad; sweeping; non-specific4[to] cover; include (costs/risks)มากmâakมากmâak1very; extremely2much; a lot; greatly3many; numerousไม่mâiไม่mâi1not (negator)2no (reply)เจาะจงjɔ̀-jongเจาะจงjɔ̀-jong1specific; particular; targeted2[to] specify; single out; targetว่าwâaว่าwâa1[to] say; tell2that (clause marker)3[to] think; consider; deem4[to] scold; reproach; criticizeจะjàจะjà1will; shall (future/intention marker)2about to; going to (near future, often w/ กำลังจะ)3will; would (in conditional results)แก้ปัญหาgɛ̂ɛ-bpan-hǎaแก้ปัญหาgɛ̂ɛ-bpan-hǎa[to] solve; fix; resolve a problemอย่างไรyàang-raiอย่างไรyàang-rai1how; in what way2what kind; which way
His answer was very general, not specifying how to solve the problem.
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นโยบายná-yoh-baaiเขียนkĭianไว้wáiแบบbàepคลุมklumๆ-ทำให้tam hâiคนอ่านkon àanตีความdtee kwaamได้dâiหลายlăaiแบบbàep
The policy is written in a general way, allowing many interpretations.
รายงานraai-ngaanฉบับchà-bàpนี้néeพูดpôotคลุมklumๆ-ถึงtĕungทุกtúkแผนกpà-nàekแต่dtàeขาดkàatรายละเอียดraai-lá-ìiatเชิงปฏิบัติcherng bpà-dtì-bàt
This report makes sweeping statements about all departments but lacks practical details.
การประเมินgaan-bprà-məənที่tîiคลุมklumเช่นนี้chên-níiทำให้tam-hâiยากyâakจะjàกำหนดgam-nòtความรับผิดชอบkwaam-ráp-pìt-chɔ̂ɔpเฉพาะบุคคลchà-pɔ́-bùk-kon
Such a sweeping evaluation makes it hard to assign individual accountability.
4VerbB2
[to] cover; include (costs/risks)
to include or provide for [sth] such as expenses, risks, or scope
Examples
แพ็กเกจpɛ́k-gèetแพ็กเกจpɛ́k-gèet1packaging; product package2package (bundle)3packaging; presentation (figurative)นี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)คลุมklumคลุมklum1[to] cover; drape [over]; put a cover on2[to] blanket; overlay3broad; sweeping; non-specific4[to] cover; include (costs/risks)ค่าอาหารkâa-aa-hǎanค่าอาหารkâa-aa-hǎan1meal price; food charge2food expenses; cost of food3meal allowanceและlɛ́และlɛ́and (coordinating)ค่ารถkâa-rótค่ารถkâa-rótfare; transport feeทั้งหมดtáng-mòtทั้งหมดtáng-mòt1all; entire; whole2all; in total; completely3the whole; everything
This package includes all meal and transportation costs.
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ประกันสุขภาพbprà-gan-sùk-kà-pâapของkɔ̌ɔngบริษัทbɔɔ-rí-sàtคลุมklumครอบครัวkrɔ̂ɔp-kruuaพนักงานpá-nák-ngaanด้วยdûuai
The company's health insurance also covers employees' families.
สัญญาsǎn-yaaบริการbɔɔ-rí-gaanคลุมklumงานซ่อมบำรุงngaan-sɔ̂m-bam-rungตลอดdtà-lɔ̀ɔtระยะเวลาrá-yá-wee-laaรับประกันráp-bprà-ganจึงjʉngไม่ต้องmâi-dtɔ̂ngจ่ายjàaiเพิ่มpə̂əm
The service contract covers maintenance during the warranty period, so no extra payment is needed.
นโยบายná-yoo-baaiนี้níiคลุมklumความเสี่ยงkwaam-sìiangด้านdâanความปลอดภัยkwaam-bplɔ̀ɔt-paiทางไซเบอร์taang-sai-bə̂əแต่ยังdtɛ̀ɛ-yangไม่mâiคลุมklumเหตุhèetโจมตีjoom-dtiiรูปแบบrûup-bɛ̀ɛpใหม่mài
This policy covers cybersecurity risks but does not yet cover new types of attacks.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow classConsonant clusterIn the cluster คล, the first consonant ค sets the class.
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ม, a sonorant, so it is live.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
Mid tone
klum
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Low class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |