สัญญา
sǎn-yaaMeanings
1NounA2
promise; vow; pledge
a promise or vow that someone will do something; a personal or moral commitment; also a vow or pledge
Examples
ฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)สัญญาsǎn-yaaสัญญาsǎn-yaa1promise; vow; pledge2[to] promise; pledge; vow3contract; agreement4[to] contract (legally)5perception (Buddhism)ว่าwâaว่าwâa1[to] say; tell2that (clause marker)3[to] think; consider; deem4[to] scold; reproach; criticizeจะjàจะjà1will; shall (future/intention marker)2about to; going to (near future, often w/ กำลังจะ)3will; would (in conditional results)ไม่mâiไม่mâi1not (negator)2no (reply)สายsǎaiสายsǎai1late (in the day); running late2morning (late morning period)3line; wire; cable4route; line (transport/communication)5classifier for long, flexible things (wires, ropes, necklaces)6informant; spy; secret agent7string; strap; band8lineage; affiliation; branch9classifier for rivers and streamsอีกìikอีกìik1more; additional2again3else; other4yet; still (in comparisons/time)
I promise I won’t be late again.
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He promised his mother that he would study every day.
พวกเราpûuak-raoสัญญาsǎn-yaaว่าwâaจะjàช่วยกันchûuai-ganจนjonเสร็จsètไม่mâiทิ้งtíngใครkraiไว้wáiข้างหลังkâang-lǎng
We promised to help each other until it’s done, leaving no one behind.
เธอtəəให้สัญญาhâi-sǎn-yaaด้วยdûuaiน้ำตาnáam-dtaaว่าwâaจะjàปรับปรุงตัวbpràp-bprung-dtuuaและlɛ́ไม่mâiทำให้tam-hâiเพื่อนpʉ̂ʉanผิดหวังpìt-wǎngอีกìik
She vowed with tears that she would change and not disappoint her friends again.
2VerbA2
[to] promise; pledge; vow
to give one’s word or commit to doing something; to make a pledge or vow
Examples
ฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)สัญญาsǎn-yaaสัญญาsǎn-yaa1promise; vow; pledge2[to] promise; pledge; vow3contract; agreement4[to] contract (legally)5perception (Buddhism)ว่าwâaว่าwâa1[to] say; tell2that (clause marker)3[to] think; consider; deem4[to] scold; reproach; criticizeจะjàจะjà1will; shall (future/intention marker)2about to; going to (near future, often w/ กำลังจะ)3will; would (in conditional results)ไปbpaiไปbpai1[to] go2away; off (directional complement/particle)3on; onward; continuously (aspect marker)4(aspect) completed; already pastตรงเวลาdtrong-wee-laaตรงเวลาdtrong-wee-laa1punctual; on time2on time (adv.)
I promise that I will be on time.
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Yesterday I promised my mom that I would call back, but I forgot.
ถ้าtâaพรุ่งนี้prûng-níiฝนfǒnไม่mâiตกdtòkฉันchǎnสัญญาsǎn-yaaว่าwâaจะพาjà-paaเธอtəəไปbpaiวิ่งwîngที่tîiสวนsǔuan
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I promise I will take you running in the park.
เขาkǎoสัญญาsǎn-yaaต่อหน้าdtɔ̀ɔ-nâaทุกคนtúk-konว่าwâaจะjàไม่mâiทิ้งtíngทีมtiimอีกìikและlɛ́จะjàช่วยchûuaiแก้ปัญหาgɛ̂ɛ-bpan-hǎaจนjonสุดความสามารถsùt-kwaam-sǎa-mâat
He pledged in front of everyone that he would not abandon the team again and would help solve the problems to the best of his ability.
3NounB1
contract; agreement
a formal legal agreement between parties, often written and enforceable by law
Examples
เราraoเราrao1we; us2I; me (informal/regional)จะjàจะjà1will; shall (future/intention marker)2about to; going to (near future, often w/ กำลังจะ)3will; would (in conditional results)เซ็นสัญญาsen-sǎn-yaaเซ็นสัญญาsen-sǎn-yaa1to sign a contract2[to] sign [sb] (under contract)เช่าchâoเช่าchâo1[to] rent; lease2[to] let out; rent outบ้านbâanบ้านbâan1house; home2home (family unit)3village; hometown4classifier: หลังพรุ่งนี้prûng-níiพรุ่งนี้prûng-níi1tomorrow (the day after today)2tomorrow; on the day after today
We will sign the house rental contract tomorrow.
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บริษัทbɔɔ-rí-sàtเสนอsà-nə̌əให้hâiต่อdtɔ̀ɔสัญญาsǎn-yaaอีกìikหนึ่งปีnʉ̀ng-bpiiพร้อมprɔ́ɔmปรับbpràpเงินเดือนngən-dʉʉan
The company offered to extend the contract for another year with a salary adjustment.
ก่อนgɔ̀ɔnโอนเงินoon-ngənมัดจำmát-jamควรkuuanอ่านàanสัญญาsǎn-yaaอย่างละเอียดyàang-lá-ìiatและlɛ́สอบถามsɔ̀ɔp-tǎamเงื่อนไขngʉ̂ʉan-kǎiที่tîiไม่mâiเข้าใจkâo-jai
Before paying the deposit, you should read the contract carefully and ask about any terms you don’t understand.
คู่สัญญาkûu-sǎn-yaaตกลงdtòk-longเพิ่มpə̂əmข้อกำหนดkɔ̂ɔ-gam-nòtเรื่องrʉ̂ʉangค่าปรับkâa-bpràpในnaiสัญญาsǎn-yaaเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaคุ้มครองkúm-krɔɔngสิทธิ์sìtกรณีgɔɔ-rá-niiผิดนัดpìt-nát
The contracting parties agreed to add a penalty clause to the contract to protect rights in case of default.
4VerbB2
[to] contract (legally)
to enter into a formal legal agreement
Examples
บริษัทbɔɔ-rí-sàtบริษัทbɔɔ-rí-sàtcompany; firm; corporationทั้งสองtáng-sɔ̌ɔngทั้งสองtáng-sɔ̌ɔng1both; the two (with a noun)2both; both of themสัญญาsǎn-yaaสัญญาsǎn-yaa1promise; vow; pledge2[to] promise; pledge; vow3contract; agreement4[to] contract (legally)5perception (Buddhism)ร่วมกันrûuam-ganร่วมกันrûuam-gantogether; jointly; in concertเช่าchâoเช่าchâo1[to] rent; lease2[to] let out; rent outพื้นที่pʉ́ʉn-tîiพื้นที่pʉ́ʉn-tîi1area; space; surface; land area2region; zone; locality; area3space; arena (figurative)เป็นเวลาbpen-wee-laaเป็นเวลาbpen-wee-laa1for (a duration)2regularly; on a scheduleหนึ่งปีnʉ̀ng-bpiiหนึ่งปีnʉ̀ng-bpiione year
The two companies entered into an agreement together to lease the space for one year.
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คู่ค้าkûu-káaสัญญาsǎn-yaaซื้อขายsʉ́ʉ-kǎaiสินค้าsǐn-káaตามdtaamเงื่อนไขngʉ̂ʉan-kǎiในnaiเอกสารèek-gà-sǎan
The partners entered into a sales contract according to the terms in the document.
ผู้ประกอบการpûu-bprà-gɔ̀ɔp-gaanสัญญาsǎn-yaaกับgàpธนาคารtá-naa-kaanว่าwâaจะjàชำระหนี้cham-rá-nîiตามdtaamตารางdtaa-raangที่tîiกำหนดgam-nòt
The entrepreneur entered into an agreement with the bank to repay the debt according to the specified schedule.
ทั้งtángสองsɔ̌ɔngฝ่ายfàaiสัญญาsǎn-yaaเป็นbpenลายลักษณ์อักษรlaai-lák-àk-sɔ̌ɔnว่าwâaจะjàปฏิบัติbpà-dtì-bàtตามข้อกำหนดdtaam-kɔ̂ɔ-gam-nòtทุกtúkประการbprà-gaan
Both parties formally agreed in writing to comply with all the provisions.
5NounC1
perception (Buddhism)
in Buddhist philosophy, the mental factor of perception or recognition, which labels and identifies objects of experience
Examples
ตามdtaamตามdtaam1[to] follow; go after2according to; in accordance with3after; behind; in pursuit of4[to] comply with; abide by; obey5along; along (a path); following (direction)พุทธศาสนาpút-tá-sàat-sà-năaพุทธศาสนาpút-tá-sàat-sà-năaBuddhismสัญญาsăn-yaaสัญญาsăn-yaa1promise; vow; pledge2[to] promise; pledge; vow3contract; agreement4[to] contract (legally)5perception (Buddhism)คือkeuคือkeu1to be (definition/identification)2namely; that is; i.e.การกำหนดgaan gam-nòtการกำหนดgaan gam-nòt1setting; configuration; parameterization2stipulation; prescription (rule‑making)3designation; assignment; appointment4definition; specificationหมายmăaiหมายmăai1[to] intend; aim; mean (to do)2[to] designate; mark; note3official notice/writ; warrant4designated spot (e.g., fishing/hunting)รู้rúuรู้rúu1[to] know; be aware of2[to] realize; find out; learn3[to] know how; know the proper way to act4[to] feel; sense; perceiveสิ่งsìngสิ่งsìng1thing; object; entity2classifier for things; itemsต่างdtàangต่างdtàang1different; distinct2various; diverse3each; respectively4foreign; from another place5to differ; be different6in place of; as a substitute forๆ-เช่นchênเช่นchên1for example; such as2like; asรู้rúuรู้rúu1[to] know; be aware of2[to] realize; find out; learn3[to] know how; know the proper way to act4[to] feel; sense; perceiveว่าwâaว่าwâa1[to] say; tell2that (clause marker)3[to] think; consider; deem4[to] scold; reproach; criticizeนี่nêeนี่nêe1this (colloq.)2this; this one (pronoun)3here is…; look/listen (attention-getter)คือkeuคือkeu1to be (definition/identification)2namely; that is; i.e.ดอกไม้dòk máaiดอกไม้dòk máaiflower; flowers
In Buddhism, saññā is the recognition that identifies things, such as knowing that this is a flower.
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อาจารย์aa-jaanอธิบายà-tí-baaiว่าwâaสัญญาsǎn-yaaทำงานtam-ngaanร่วมกับrûuam-gàpเวทนาwêet-tá-naaและlɛ́สังขารsǎng-kǎanเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaจัดหมวดหมู่jàt-mùuat-mùuประสบการณ์bprà-sòp-gaanที่มาtîi-maaกระทบใจgrà-tóp-jai
The teacher explained that saññā works with feeling and formations to categorize experiences that contact the mind.
เมื่อmêuuaสัญญาsăn-yaaยึดyéutติดป้ายชื่อdtìt bpâai chêuuเดิมdermๆ-เราraoมักmákตีความdtee kwaamโลกlôhkตามdtaamความเคยชินkwaam koie chinจนjonไม่mâiเห็นhĕnความเปลี่ยนแปลงkwaam bplìan bplaengของkŏngสภาวะsà-paa-wá
When recognition clings to familiar labels, we tend to interpret the world habitually and fail to see the changing nature of phenomena.
การภาวนาgaan-paa-wá-naaเจริญสติjà-rəən-sà-dtìช่วยให้chûuai-hâiเห็นว่าhěn-wâaสัญญาsǎn-yaaเป็นเพียงbpen-piiangการกำหนดgaan-gam-nòtหมายmǎaiที่tîiเกิดดับgə̀ət-dàpไม่ใช่mâi-châiความจริงแท้kwaam-jing-tɛ́ɛของkɔ̌ɔngสรรพสิ่งsàp-pá-sìng
Mindfulness meditation helps us see that saññā is merely arising-and-passing labeling, not the ultimate truth of things.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
Why is สัญญา said สัญ-ยา?
sǎn-yaa
Thai spelling does not always show how a word sounds. This is how it is said.
The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classHigh class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ญ, a sonorant, so it is live.
High class consonants
ขฃฉฐถผฝศษสห
Result
Rising tone
sǎn
Dips low first, then rises clearly.
High class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Rising
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |