เวไนย
wee-naiMeanings
1AdjectiveC1
teachable; amenable to instruction (Buddhist/formal)
Fit to be taught or guided; responsive to moral or spiritual instruction (Buddhist usage).
Examples
คนkonคนkon1person; human2classifier: people3[to] stir; mix by stirringที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerยังyangยังyang1still; continuing2not yet (with ไม่)3yet? (question use)4still/even (emphatic degree)5to; towardพอจะpɔɔ-jàพอจะpɔɔ-jàcan possibly; be able to (to some extent)รับฟังráp-fangรับฟังráp-fang1[to] listen (attentively); hear out2[to] take into accountเหตุผลhèet-pǒnเหตุผลhèet-pǒn1reason; justification2reasoning; rationalityและlɛ́และlɛ́and (coordinating)คำสั่งสอนkam-sàng-sɔ̌ɔnคำสั่งสอนkam-sàng-sɔ̌ɔnteaching; advice; instructionได้dâaiได้dâai1okay; sure; agreed2[to] get; obtain; receive3can; [to] be able to; may4[to] manage to; succeed in5actualized-action markerถือว่าtʉ̌ʉ-wâaถือว่าtʉ̌ʉ-wâa1[to] consider; regard; deem2it can be considered that; it's fair to sayเป็นbpenเป็นbpen1to be (identity/category/state)2to become3[to] know how; be able to (skill)4alive; living5[to] have; suffer from; be in (a condition)บุคคลbùk-konบุคคลbùk-konperson; individualที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerยังyangยังyang1still; continuing2not yet (with ไม่)3yet? (question use)4still/even (emphatic degree)5to; towardเป็นbpenเป็นbpen1to be (identity/category/state)2to become3[to] know how; be able to (skill)4alive; living5[to] have; suffer from; be in (a condition)เวไนยwee-naiเวไนยwee-nai1teachable; amenable to instruction (Buddhist/formal)2those fit to be taught; teachable beings (Buddhism)
A person who can still listen to reason and instruction is considered someone who is still 'fit to be taught'.
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พระพุทธองค์prá-pút-tá-ongทรงsongเลือกlʉ̂ʉakแสดงธรรมsà-dɛɛng-tamโปรดbpròotเฉพาะบุคคลchà-pɔ́-bùk-konที่tîiทรงsongเห็นhěnแล้วlɛ́ɛoว่าwâaเป็นbpenเวไนยwee-naiเพราะprɔ́มีโอกาสmii-oo-gàatที่จะtîi-jàบรรลุธรรมban-lú-tamได้dâai
The Buddha chose to deliver sermons only to individuals He saw were 'responsive to instruction', because they had the potential to attain enlightenment.
แม้mɛ́ɛครูบาอาจารย์kruu-baa-aa-jaanจะjàเก่งกาจgèeng-gàatเพียงใดpiiang-daiก็gɔ̂ไม่อาจmâi-àatชี้แนะchíi-nɛ́บุคคลbùk-konที่tîiใจjaiแข็งกระด้างkɛ̌ng-grà-dâangไม่mâiเป็นbpenเวไนยwee-naiได้สำเร็จdâai-sǎm-rèt
No matter how brilliant a teacher is, they cannot successfully guide a person whose heart is hardened and not 'receptive to guidance'.
การgaanจะjàสั่งสอนsàng-sɔ̌ɔnใครkraiให้ได้hâi-dâaiผลpǒnนั้นnánต้องdtɔ̂ngพิจารณาpí-jaa-rá-naaพื้นฐานpʉ́ʉn-tǎanจิตใจjìt-jaiของเขาkɔ̌ɔng-kǎoเสียก่อนsǐia-gɔ̀ɔnว่าwâaเป็นbpenผู้ที่pûu-tîiเวไนยwee-naiหรือไม่rʉ̌ʉ-mâi
To teach someone effectively, one must first consider their mental foundation to determine whether they are 'fit to be guided' or not.
That child has courteous manners and speaks beautifully.
แม้mɛ́ɛจะjàเป็นbpenนักกีฬาnák-gii-laaแต่dtɛ̀ɛเขาkǎoก็gɔ̂มีmiiบุคลิกbùk-ká-líkที่tîiเวไนยwee-naiและlɛ́อ่อนน้อมถ่อมตนɔ̀ɔn-nɔ́ɔm-tɔ̀ɔm-dtonเสมอsà-mə̌ə
Even though he is an athlete, he always has a decorous and humble personality.
ในฐานะnai-tǎa-náทูตtûutวัฒนธรรมwát-tá-ná-tamเธอtəəต้องdtɔ̂ngรักษาrák-sǎaท่วงทีtûuang-tiiวาจาwaa-jaaและlɛ́กิริยาgì-rí-yaaที่tîiเวไนยwee-naiอยู่เสมอyùu-sà-mə̌əเมื่อmʉ̂ʉaปรากฏตัวbpraa-gòt-dtuuaต่อdtɔ̀ɔสาธารณชนsǎa-taa-rá-ná-chon
As a cultural ambassador, she must always maintain a courteous tone and bearing when appearing in public.
บทประพันธ์bòt-bprà-panชิ้นเอกchín-èekนี้níiสะท้อนภาพsà-tɔ́ɔn-pâapของkɔ̌ɔngสตรีsà-dtriiสูงศักดิ์sǔung-sàkผู้pûuมีmiiกิริยาgì-rí-yaaอันanเวไนยwee-naiทว่าtá-wâaแฝงfɛ̌ɛngไว้wáiด้วยdûuaiความเด็ดเดี่ยวkwaam-dèt-dìiao
This masterpiece of literature reflects the image of a noble lady who is courteous in her bearing, yet conceals a strong resolve.
2NounC2
those fit to be taught; teachable beings (Buddhism)
People or beings amenable to instruction; especially in the phrase ‘เวไนยสัตว์’.
Examples
พระพุทธเจ้าprá-pút-tá-jâaoพระพุทธเจ้าprá-pút-tá-jâaothe Buddha; the Enlightened Oneทรงมีsong-miiทรงมีsong-mii[to] have; possess (royal/honorific)พระเมตตาprá-mêet-dtaaพระเมตตาprá-mêet-dtaaroyal compassion; royal mercy (hon.)ต่อdtɔ̀ɔต่อdtɔ̀ɔ1[to] continue; go on2per; each (rate/unit)3[to] connect; attach; join4[to] bargain; haggle5to; toward (target of an action or attitude)6[to] renew; extendเหล่าlàoเหล่าlào1group; set; category2the ... (plural/collective marker)3classifier: groups; kinds; military branchesเวไนยwee-naiเวไนยwee-nai1teachable; amenable to instruction (Buddhist/formal)2those fit to be taught; teachable beings (Buddhism)สัตว์sàtสัตว์sàt1animal (non-human creature)2beast; brute (pejorative)จึงjʉngจึงjʉng1therefore; so; thus2only then; then (as a result)ทรงsongทรงsong1shape; form2style; look (e.g., hairstyle)3[royal] to have; possess4[royal] to be; to do5(royal) honorific prefixสั่งสอนsàng-sɔ̌ɔnสั่งสอนsàng-sɔ̌ɔn1[to] instruct; teach; admonish2[to] teach a lesson (by reprimand/penalty)ธรรมะtam-máธรรมะtam-má1Dhamma; Buddhist teachings2righteousness; moral lawเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaเพื่อpʉ̂ʉa1for; in order to2for the sake of; on behalf ofนำทางnam-taangนำทางnam-taang1[to] guide; lead the way2[to] navigate; give directions3[to] guide (figurative)ให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3to; for [sb] (recipient)4[to] have [sb] do; cause to5for (benefit of)6so that; in order to7until; to the point that (result)พ้นทุกข์pón-túkพ้นทุกข์pón-túk[to] be free from suffering
The Buddha had compassion for all 'beings amenable to instruction', so He taught the Dhamma to guide them out of suffering.
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พระโพธิสัตว์prá-poh-tí-sàtบำเพ็ญบารมีbam-pen baa-rá-meeมาmaaยาวนานyaao naanก็gâwเพื่อpêuuaจะjàช่วยเหลือchûuai-lĕuuaเหล่าlàoเวไนยway-naiให้hâiหลุดพ้นlùt pónจากjàakวัฏสงสารwát sŏng-săan
Bodhisattvas cultivate perfections over long eons in order to help 'beings amenable to instruction' escape the cycle of rebirth.
ในฐานะnai-tǎa-náนักบวชnák-bùuatท่านtânมีหน้าที่mii-nâa-tîiชี้ทางchíi-taangสว่างsà-wàangให้แก่hâi-gɛ̀ɛเวไนยwee-naiที่tîiยังyangหลงlǒngอยู่ในyùu-naiความมืดมิดkwaam-mʉ̂ʉt-mít
As a cleric, he has a duty to show the path of light to the 'people amenable to instruction' who are still lost in darkness.
พุทธกิจpút-thá-gìtสำคัญsăm-kanประการหนึ่งbprà-gaan nèungคือkeuการเสด็จgaan sà-dètไปbpaiแสดงธรรมsà-daeng tamโปรดbpròhtเวไนยway-naiทั้งtángในหมู่nai mòoมนุษย์má-nútและláeเทวดาtay-wá-daaตามแต่dtaam dtàeพุทธวิสัยpút-tá-wí-săiจะjàพึงpeungหยั่งyàngทราบsâapได้dâi
One of the Buddha's key missions was to travel and deliver sermons to guide 'beings amenable to instruction', both among humans and deities, as far as his Buddha-nature could perceive.
คุณย่าkun-yâaมักจะmák-jàอบรมสั่งสอนòp-rom-sàng-sɔ̌ɔnลูกหลานlûuk-lǎanอยู่เสมอyùu-sà-mə̌əในnaiเรื่องrʉ̂ʉangของkɔ̌ɔngเวไนยwee-naiและlɛ́การวางตัวgaan-waang-dtuuaให้hâiเหมาะสมmɔ̀-sǒm
Grandmother always teaches her descendants about propriety and how to conduct themselves appropriately.
สังคมsǎng-komสมัยก่อนsà-mǎi-gɔ̀ɔnให้ความสำคัญhâi-kwaam-sǎm-kanกับgàpเวไนยwee-naiเป็นอย่างยิ่งbpen-yàang-yîngโดยเฉพาะdooi-chà-pɔ́ในหมู่nai-mùuสตรีsà-dtriiชนชั้นสูงchon-chán-sǔung
Past society placed great importance on decorum, especially among upper-class women.
แม้mɛ́ɛจะjàถูกtùukยั่วยุyûua-yúเพียงใดpiiang-daiเขาkǎoก็gɔ̂ยังyangสามารถsǎa-mâatคุมkumสติsà-dtìและlɛ́ดำรงไว้dam-rong-wáiซึ่งsʉ̂ngเวไนยwee-naiได้dâaiอย่างyàangน่าเลื่อมใสnâa-lʉ̂ʉam-sǎiสมกับsǒm-gàpเป็นผู้นำbpen-pûu-namอย่างแท้จริงyàang-tɛ́ɛ-jing
No matter how much he was provoked, he could still maintain his composure and uphold his decorum admirably, befitting a true leader.
การรู้จักgaan-rúu-jàkสำรวมsǎm-ruuamกิริยาgì-rí-yaaในnaiที่สาธารณะtîi-sǎa-taa-rá-náถือเป็นtʉ̌ʉ-bpenเวไนยwee-naiพื้นฐานpʉ́ʉn-tǎanที่tîiทุกคนtúk-konพึงpʉngมีmii
Knowing how to conduct oneself with composure in public is considered basic decorum that everyone should possess.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableA long vowel with no final consonant, so it is live.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
Mid tone
wee
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Low class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |