กิริยา
gì-rí-yaaMeanings
1NounB1
behavior; manners; deportment
a person’s outward behavior, manners, or deportment; the way one carries oneself in actions and appearance
Examples
ครูชมkruu-chomครูชมkruu-chomTeacher Chom (proper name)ว่าwâaว่าwâa1[to] say; tell2that (clause marker)3[to] think; consider; deem4[to] scold; reproach; criticizeเธอtəəเธอtəə1you (informal; familiar)2she; herมีmiiมีmii1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoกิริยาgì-rí-yaaกิริยาgì-rí-yaa1behavior; manners; deportment2gesture; movement; mannerism3action; deed (literary, Buddhist)สุภาพsù-pâapสุภาพsù-pâap1polite; courteous2gentle; mild (manner/speech)3proper; refined; respectableเวลาwee-laaเวลาwee-laa1time2time; period; occasion3when; at the time (that)4classifier: scheduled occasions; meals; dosesพูดpûutพูดpûut1[to] speak; talk2[to] say; speak3[to] tell; talk aboutกับgàpกับgàp1with; together with2and (informal)3side dish; accompaniment4against; versus5to; toward (recipient/target)6classifier: sets/pairs (spoon and fork)ผู้ใหญ่pûu-yàiผู้ใหญ่pûu-yài1adult; grown-up2elder; respected senior3adult (modifier)4authority; person in charge5senior; high-ranking (modifier)
The teacher praised her for having polite manners when speaking to elders.
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แม้mɛ́ɛแต่งตัวdtɛ̀ng-dtuuaเรียบง่ายrîiap-ngâaiแต่dtɛ̀ɛกิริยาgì-rí-yaaของkɔ̌ɔngเธอtəəก็gɔ̂ดูduuมีmiiภูมิฐานpuum-tǎan
Even though she dresses simply, her demeanor appears dignified.
เขาkǎoมีmiiกิริยาgì-rí-yaaนุ่มนวลnûm-nuuanทำให้tam-hâiลูกค้าlûuk-káaรู้สึกrúu-sʉ̀kสบายใจsà-baai-jaiเวลาwee-laaพูดคุยpûut-kui
He has a gentle manner, which makes customers feel at ease when talking.
กิริยาgì-rí-yaaที่tîiสำรวมsǎm-ruuamและlɛ́การวางตัวgaan-waang-dtuuaเหมาะสมmɔ̀-sǒmช่วยchûuaiสร้างsâangความน่าเชื่อถือkwaam-nâa-chʉ̂ʉa-tʉ̌ʉในnaiที่ทำงานtîi-tam-ngaan
Composed manners and appropriate bearing help build credibility in the workplace.
2NounB2
gesture; movement; mannerism
a physical movement or mannerism that expresses action, attitude, or feeling
Examples
กิริยาgì-rí-yaaกิริยาgì-rí-yaa1behavior; manners; deportment2gesture; movement; mannerism3action; deed (literary, Buddhist)ที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerเขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillยกมือyók-mʉʉยกมือyók-mʉʉ[to] raise one's handไหว้wâiไหว้wâi1[to] wai; pay respect with palms together2wai (gesture)อย่างyàangอย่างyàang1kind; type; sort2manner; way3classifier (for kinds/types)4like; as; such as5in the manner of; -lyนอบน้อมnɔ̂ɔp-nɔ́ɔmนอบน้อมnɔ̂ɔp-nɔ́ɔm1respectful; humble; deferential2[to] show deference; [to] pay respectful homageบอกbɔ̀ɔkบอกbɔ̀ɔk1[to] tell; inform2[to] tell; instruct; ask [sb] to do [sth]3[to] indicate; showถึงtʉ̌ngถึงtʉ̌ng1to; until; up to2[to] arrive; reach3to; toward (recipient/goal)4even if; even though5as much as; as many as; to the point of6only then; then as a result (informal)7about; concerning; regardingความเคารพkwaam-kao-rópความเคารพkwaam-kao-róp1respect; esteem; regard2deference; observance3reverence; veneration
His gesture of respectfully putting his hands together in a wai shows respect.
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Her action of avoiding eye contact shows that she’s uncomfortable.
แค่kɛ̂ɛกิริยาgì-rí-yaaการgaanยิ้มมุมปากyím-mum-bpàakนิดเดียวnít-diiaoของเขาkɔ̌ɔng-kǎoก็gɔ̂สื่อsʉ̀ʉว่าwâaพอใจpɔɔ-jaiแล้วlɛ́ɛo
Just his slight half-smile conveyed that he was satisfied.
ผู้กำกับpûu-gam-gàpให้hâiเพิ่มpə̂əmกิริยาgì-rí-yaaมือไม้mʉʉ-máaiระหว่างrá-wàangพูดpûutเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaเน้นnénอารมณ์aa-romของkɔ̌ɔngตัวละครdtuua-lá-kɔɔn
The director asked for more hand gestures while speaking to emphasize the character’s emotions.
3Noun
action; deed (literary, Buddhist)
An action or deed; in Buddhist technical usage, an action considered merely functional rather than productive of karmic results.
Examples
การกระทำgaan-grà-tamการกระทำgaan-grà-tam1action; act; deed2conduct (as judged)ของkɔ̌ɔngของkɔ̌ɔng1of; belonging to2thing; item; stuff3property; goodsพระอรหันต์prá-ɔɔ-rá-hǎnพระอรหันต์prá-ɔɔ-rá-hǎnarahant; enlightened personเป็นเพียงbpen-piiangเป็นเพียงbpen-piiang[to] be only; be merelyกิริยาgì-rí-yaaกิริยาgì-rí-yaa1behavior; manners; deportment2gesture; movement; mannerism3action; deed (literary, Buddhist)
An arahant’s actions are merely functional acts.
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ครูkruuอธิบายà-tí-baaiว่าwâaกิริยาgì-rí-yaaเป็นbpenการกระทำgaan-grà-tamที่tîiไม่mâiก่อให้เกิดgɔ̀ɔ-hâi-gə̀ətผลกรรมpǒn-gam
The teacher explained that a functional act is an action that does not produce karmic results.
พระอรหันต์prá-ɔɔ-rá-hǎnช่วยเหลือchûuai-lʉ̌ʉaผู้อื่นpûu-ʉ̀ʉnด้วยdûuaiความเมตตาkwaam-mêet-dtaaแต่dtɛ̀ɛการกระทำgaan-grà-tamนั้นnánเป็นbpenกิริยาgì-rí-yaaไม่mâiก่อgɔ̀ɔกรรมgamใหม่mài
An arahant helps others out of compassion, but that action is merely functional and creates no new karma.
ในทางnai-taangพระอภิธรรมprá-à-pí-tamการกระทำgaan-grà-tamของkɔ̌ɔngพระอรหันต์prá-ɔɔ-rá-hǎnจัดเป็นjàt-bpenกิริยาgì-rí-yaaเพราะprɔ́ไม่mâiสะสมsà-sǒmกรรมgamที่จะtîi-jàให้ผลhâi-pǒnเป็นbpenวิบากwí-bàakในnaiภายหน้าpaai-nâa
In the Abhidhamma, an arahant’s actions are classified as functional because they do not accumulate karma that would bear fruit in the future.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
3 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingDead syllableA short vowel with no final consonant, so it is dead.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Low tone
gì
Starts low and stays low, easing slightly down.
Mid class + No tone mark + Dead syllable → Low
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |