ธรรมะ
tam-máMeanings
1NounB2
Dhamma; Buddhist teachings
the Buddha’s teachings and universal truths (Dhamma), including the law or principle that upholds order
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillศึกษาsʉ̀k-sǎaศึกษาsʉ̀k-sǎa1[to] study; learn2[to] research; investigate3[to] consider; look intoธรรมะtam-máธรรมะtam-má1Dhamma; Buddhist teachings2righteousness; moral lawเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaเพื่อpʉ̂ʉa1for; in order to2for the sake of; on behalf ofเข้าใจkâo-jaiเข้าใจkâo-jai1[to] understand; grasp2[to] assume; take sth to be true3[to be] understanding (of [sb])เหตุhèetเหตุhèet1cause; reason2incident; occurrence (formal)3Buddhist cause (hetu)และlɛ́และlɛ́and (coordinating)ผลpǒnผลpǒn1classifier: fruits2result; outcome3benefit; advantageของkɔ̌ɔngของkɔ̌ɔng1of; belonging to2thing; item; stuff3property; goodsชีวิตchii-wítชีวิตchii-wít1life (state of being alive)2life (one’s life; way of living)3lifetime; lifespanและlɛ́และlɛ́and (coordinating)อยู่yùuอยู่yùu1[to] live; reside; stay2to be (located); be at3progressive/continuative marker4to exist; remainกับgàpกับgàp1with; together with2and (informal)3side dish; accompaniment4against; versus5to; toward (recipient/target)6classifier: sets/pairs (spoon and fork)ความเปลี่ยนแปลงkwaam-bplìian-bplɛɛngความเปลี่ยนแปลงkwaam-bplìian-bplɛɛngchange; alteration; transformationได้dâaiได้dâai1okay; sure; agreed2[to] get; obtain; receive3can; [to] be able to; may4[to] manage to; succeed in5actualized-action marker
He studies Dhamma to understand the causes and effects of life and to live with change.
3 more examplesShow less
เมื่อmʉ̂ʉaเธอtəəปฏิบัติตามbpà-dtì-bàt-dtaamธรรมะtam-máเธอtəəรู้สึกว่าrúu-sʉ̀k-wâaชีวิตchii-wítเป็นระบบbpen-rá-bòpระเบียบrá-bìiapและlɛ́สงบsà-ngòpขึ้นkʉ̂n
When she follows Dhamma, she feels her life becomes more orderly and peaceful.
ธรรมะtam-máสอนsɔ̌ɔnเรื่องrʉ̂ʉangไตรลักษณ์dtrai-lákและlɛ́กฎgòtแห่งhɛ̀ngเหตุปัจจัยhèet-bpàt-jaiซึ่งsʉ̂ngช่วยให้chûuai-hâiเราraoมองเห็นmɔɔng-hěnความจริงkwaam-jingของkɔ̌ɔngโลกlôokอย่างyàangไม่หลงmâi-lǒngยึดyʉ́t
Dhamma teaches the three characteristics and the law of dependent origination, helping us see the truth of the world without clinging.
ด้วยdûuaiการอาศัยgaan-aa-sǎiธรรมะtam-máเป็นหลักbpen-làkที่tîiค้ำจุนkám-junระเบียบrá-bìiapของkɔ̌ɔngสังคมsǎng-komเราraoจึงjʉngเรียนรู้riian-rúuที่จะtîi-jàรับผิดชอบráp-pìt-chɔ̂ɔpต่อdtɔ̀ɔการกระทำgaan-grà-tamและlɛ́ผลpǒnที่tîiตามมาdtaam-maa
By relying on Dhamma as the principle that upholds social order, we learn to take responsibility for our actions and their consequences.
2NounB2
righteousness; moral law
moral rightness or ethical principle; what is just and in accord with truth
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillตัดสินใจdtàt-sǐn-jaiตัดสินใจdtàt-sǐn-jai[to] decideช่วยchûuaiช่วยchûuai1[to] help; assist [sb/sth]2please (request marker)3[to] save; rescue [sb]คนkonคนkon1person; human2classifier: peopleตกทุกข์dtòk-túkตกทุกข์dtòk-túk[to] fall into hardship; suffer misfortuneเพราะprɔ́เพราะprɔ́1because2because of; due to3melodious; pleasant-soundingเห็นว่าhěn-wâaเห็นว่าhěn-wâa[to] think that; [to] be of the opinion thatเป็นbpenเป็นbpen1to be (identity/category/state)2to become3[to] know how; be able to (skill)4[to] have; suffer from; be in (a condition)ธรรมะtam-máธรรมะtam-má1Dhamma; Buddhist teachings2righteousness; moral lawและlɛ́และlɛ́and (coordinating)ถูกต้องtùuk-dtɔ̂ngถูกต้องtùuk-dtɔ̂ng1correct; right2proper; in accordance3exactly; rightly; correctly
He decided to help the person in distress because he saw it as morally right and proper.
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ในnaiที่ทำงานtîi-tam-ngaanเราraoควรkuuanยึดyʉ́tธรรมะtam-máไม่mâiเลือกปฏิบัติlʉ̂ʉak-bpà-dtì-bàtและlɛ́ให้hâiความยุติธรรมkwaam-yú-dtì-tamกับgàpทุกคนtúk-kon
At work, we should uphold ethical principles, avoid discrimination, and treat everyone fairly.
นโยบายná-yoo-baaiที่tîiตั้งอยู่dtâng-yùuบนbonธรรมะtam-máจะjàคำนึงถึงkam-nʉng-tʉ̌ngความจริงkwaam-jingและlɛ́ความยุติธรรมkwaam-yú-dtì-tamมากกว่าmâak-gwàaประโยชน์bprà-yòotทางการเมืองtaang-gaan-mʉʉangระยะสั้นrá-yá-sân
Policies grounded in moral rightness consider truth and justice more than short-term political gains.
เมื่อmʉ̂ʉaผลประโยชน์pǒn-bprà-yòotทับซ้อนtáp-sɔ́ɔnเกิดขึ้นgə̀ət-kʉ̂nผู้บริหารpûu-bɔɔ-rí-hǎanต้องdtɔ̂ngวางใจwaang-jaiเป็นกลางbpen-glaangและlɛ́ยึดyʉ́tธรรมะtam-máเป็นหลักbpen-làkในnaiการตัดสินgaan-dtàt-sǐn
When conflicts of interest arise, executives must remain impartial and base their decisions on ethical principles.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
Why is ธรรมะ said ทัม-มะ?
tam-má
The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ม, a sonorant, so it is live.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
Mid tone
tam
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Low class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |