อัธยาย

àt-tá-yaai

Meanings

1NounC2

lesson (literary)

A lesson or unit of material to be learned.

Examples

ครูkruuครูkruu1teacher2master; mentor (respectful)ปรับbpràpปรับbpràp1[to] adjust; modify2[to] adapt; acclimatize3[to] fine; impose a fineอัธยายàt-tá-yaaiอัธยายàt-tá-yaai1lesson (literary)2chapter; section (literary)3study; recitation (literary)เรื่องrʉ̂ʉangเรื่องrʉ̂ʉang1matter; issue; subject2story; tale3classifier for stories/films/cases4about; regarding (as a topic marker)การผันgaan-pǎnการผันgaan-pǎn1conjugation; inflection2diversion; turningคำkamคำkam1word; term2classifier for words/utterances3speech; saying; utteranceให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3to; for [sb] (recipient)4[to] have [sb] do; cause to5for (benefit of)6so that; in order to7until; to the point that (result)ง่ายขึ้นngâai-kʉ̂nง่ายขึ้นngâai-kʉ̂n1easier (than before)2more easily (than before)3[to] become easierเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiso that; in order thatผู้เรียนpûu-riianผู้เรียนpûu-riianlearner; student (formal/general)ที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerยังyangยังyang1still; continuing2not yet (with ไม่)3yet? (question use)4still/even (emphatic degree)5to; towardไม่มีmâi-miiไม่มีmâi-mii1to not have; lack2there is/are not; does/do not exist3[reply] we don't have it; out of stockพื้นฐานpʉ́ʉn-tǎanพื้นฐานpʉ́ʉn-tǎan1basic; fundamental2foundation; basis3background (knowledge/education)ทำtamทำtam1[to] do; make2[to] act; behave3[to] cook; prepare food4[to] cause; makeแบบฝึกหัดbɛ̀ɛp-fʉ̀k-hàtแบบฝึกหัดbɛ̀ɛp-fʉ̀k-hàt1exercise(s); practice task(s) (in books/worksheets)2practice drill/training exerciseได้dâaiได้dâai1okay; sure; agreed2[to] get; obtain; receive3can; [to] be able to; may4[to] manage to; succeed in5actualized-action markerด้วยตนเองdûuai-dton-eengด้วยตนเองdûuai-dton-eengpersonally; by oneself; on one's own
The teacher simplified the lesson on word inflection so that learners without prior knowledge could complete the exercises independently.
3 more examples
2NounC2

chapter; section (literary)

A chapter or division of a written work, especially a traditional or religious text.

Examples

คัมภีร์kam-piiคัมภีร์kam-pii1scripture; sacred text2treatise; authoritative classicภควัทคีตาpá-ká-wát-kii-dtaaภควัทคีตาpá-ká-wát-kii-dtaathe Bhagavad Gita (Hindu scripture)มีmiiมีmii1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoสิบแปดsìp-bpɛ̀ɛtสิบแปดsìp-bpɛ̀ɛteighteen; 18อัธยายàt-tá-yaaiอัธยายàt-tá-yaai1lesson (literary)2chapter; section (literary)3study; recitation (literary)โดยdooiโดยdooi1by; via; through2in a ... way; -ly3according to; in accordance withแต่ละdtɛ̀ɛ-láแต่ละdtɛ̀ɛ-láeach (item considered separately)อัธยายàt-tá-yaaiอัธยายàt-tá-yaai1lesson (literary)2chapter; section (literary)3study; recitation (literary)กล่าวถึงglàao-tʉ̌ngกล่าวถึงglàao-tʉ̌ng[to] mention; refer to; talk about; discussหลักคำสอนlàk-kam-sɔ̌ɔnหลักคำสอนlàk-kam-sɔ̌ɔndoctrine; tenetsในแง่nai-ngɛ̂ɛในแง่nai-ngɛ̂ɛin terms of; in the aspect ofมุมmumมุมmum1corner2angle3point of view; perspectiveที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerต่างกันdtàang-ganต่างกันdtàang-gan[to] differ; be different (from each other)
The Bhagavad Gita has eighteen chapters, each addressing a different aspect of its teachings.
3 more examples
3NounC2

study; recitation (literary)

The act of studying, reading, or reciting a text.

Examples

ระหว่างrá-wàangระหว่างrá-wàang1between; among2during3interval; in-between timeการgaanการgaan1nominalizer2work; business; matterอัธยายàt-tá-yaaiอัธยายàt-tá-yaai1lesson (literary)2chapter; section (literary)3study; recitation (literary)คัมภีร์kam-peeคัมภีร์kam-pee1scripture; sacred text2treatise; authoritative classicครูkruuครูkruu1teacher2master; mentor (respectful)จะjàจะjà1will; shall (future/intention marker)2about to; going to (near future, often w/ กำลังจะ)3will; would (in conditional results)หยุดyùtหยุดyùt1[to] stop; halt2[to] take time off; be off work or schoolเป็นช่วงbpen chûuangเป็นช่วงbpen chûuang1intermittent; periodic; off and on2[to] occur at intervalsๆ-เพื่อpêuuaเพื่อpêuua1for; in order to2for the sake of; on behalf ofอธิบายความà-tí-baai kwaamอธิบายความà-tí-baai kwaam[to] explain in detail; [to] clarifyหมายmăaiหมายmăai1[to] intend; aim; mean (to do)2[to] designate; mark; note3official notice/writ; warrant4designated spot (e.g., fishing/hunting)ของkŏngของkŏng1of; belonging to2thing; item; stuffข้อความkôr kwaamข้อความkôr kwaam1message; text2statement; contentที่têeที่têe1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerอ่านàanอ่านàan1[to] read2[to] read aloud; pronounce3[to] interpret; make sense of4[to] read data (computing)
During the reading of the scripture, the teacher pauses periodically to explain the meaning of the passages being read.
3 more examples

Tones

See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.

Why is อัธยาย said อัด-ทะ-ยาย?

àt-tá-yaai

The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.

3 syllables · pick one to see its rule

How the tone is decided

  1. Consonant classMid class
  2. Tone markNo tone mark
  3. Syllable endingDead syllableEnds in -ด, a stop, so it is dead.

Mid class consonants

กจฎฏดตบปอ

Result

Low tone

àt

Starts low and stays low, easing slightly down.

Mid class + No tone mark + Dead syllable → Low

Tone chart

Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.

Mid classHigh classLow class
No mark + liveMidRisingMid
No mark + dead shortLowLowHigh
No mark + dead longLowLowFalling
Mai ekLowLowFalling
Mai thoFallingFallingHigh
Mai triHigh——
Mai chattawaRising——
Work out any syllable's tone in the tone calculator