อ้าง
âangMeanings
1VerbB1
[to] claim; assert
to state that something is true, often without full proof
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillอ้างว่าâang-wâaอ้างว่าâang-wâa[to] claim thatเห็นผีhěn-pǐiเห็นผีhěn-pǐi[to] see a ghostเมื่อคืนmʉ̂ʉa-kʉʉnเมื่อคืนmʉ̂ʉa-kʉʉn1last night (the night before today)2last nightแต่dtɛ̀ɛแต่dtɛ̀ɛ1but; however (contrast)2only; just (restriction)3from; since (starting point)ไม่มีmâi-miiไม่มีmâi-mii1to not have; lack2there is/are not; does/do not exist3[reply] we don't have it; out of stockใครkraiใครkrai1who2anyone; whoeverเชื่อchʉ̂ʉaเชื่อchʉ̂ʉa1to believe [sth/sb]2to trust; have faith in3to believe in (religion/ideology)
He claimed he saw a ghost last night, but no one believed him.
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นักเรียนnák-riianคนหนึ่งkon-nʉ̀ngอ้างว่าâang-wâaคุณครูkun-kruuบอกให้bɔ̀ɔk-hâiส่งงานsòng-ngaanสัปดาห์หน้าsàp-daa-nâaทั้งที่táng-tîiคนอื่นkon-ʉ̀ʉnไม่ได้mâi-dâaiยินyin
One student claimed the teacher said to submit the assignment next week, even though others didn't hear it.
เพื่อนบ้านpʉ̂ʉan-bâanอ้างว่าâang-wâaหมาmǎaไม่ได้mâi-dâaiเห่าhàoเลยləəiเมื่อคืนmʉ̂ʉa-kʉʉnทั้งที่táng-tîiหลายคนlǎai-konตื่นdtʉ̀ʉnเพราะprɔ́เสียงดังsǐiang-dang
The neighbor claimed the dog didn't bark at all last night, even though many people woke up from the noise.
โฆษกkoo-sòkอ้างว่าâang-wâaสถานการณ์sà-tǎa-ná-gaanควบคุมkûuap-kumได้แล้วdâai-lɛ́ɛoแม้mɛ́ɛจะjàยังyangไม่มีmâi-miiหลักฐานlàk-tǎanชัดเจนchát-jeenมาmaaรองรับคำrɔɔng-ráp-kamพูดpûutนั้นnán
The spokesperson claimed the situation was under control, even though there was still no clear evidence to support that statement.
2VerbB2
[to] cite; quote; refer to
to mention a source, law, person, document, or example to support what is said
Examples
ในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)รายงานraai-ngaanรายงานraai-ngaan1report (document/account)2[to] report; inform officiallyนี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)เราraoเราrao1we; us2I; me (informal/regional)อ้างâangอ้างâang1[to] claim; assert2[to] cite; quote; refer to3[to] use as a pretext; justifyแหล่งข้อมูลlɛ̀ng-kɔ̂ɔ-muunแหล่งข้อมูลlɛ̀ng-kɔ̂ɔ-muun1information source2data source (computing/analytics)จากjàakจากjàak1from; away from2[to] leave; depart; part from3nipa palmมหาวิทยาลัยmá-hǎa-wít-tá-yaa-laiมหาวิทยาลัยmá-hǎa-wít-tá-yaa-laiuniversityหลายแห่งlǎai-hɛ̀ngหลายแห่งlǎai-hɛ̀ngin many places
In this report, we cite sources from several universities.
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เขาkǎoอ้างâangแหล่งที่มาlɛ̀ng-tîi-maaของkɔ̌ɔngผู้เชี่ยวชาญpûu-chîiao-chaanเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaสนับสนุนsà-nàp-sà-nǔnข้อเสนอkɔ̂ɔ-sà-nə̌ə
He quoted an expert to support his proposal.
นักกฎหมายnák-gòt-mǎaiอ้างâangมาตราmâat-dtraa45ของkɔ̌ɔngกฎหมายgòt-mǎaiเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaอธิบายà-tí-baaiข้อยกเว้นkɔ̂ɔ-yók-wén
The lawyer cited Section 45 of the law to explain the exception.
ผู้เขียนpûu-kǐianอ้างâangบทความวิชาการbòt-kwaam-wí-chaa-gaanและlɛ́เอกสารอ้างอิงèek-gà-sǎan-âang-ingล่าสุดlâa-sùtเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaยืนยันyʉʉn-yanข้อสรุปkɔ̂ɔ-sà-rùp
The author cited academic articles and the latest references to substantiate the conclusion.
3VerbB2
[to] use as a pretext; justify
to give a reason or excuse for an action, especially as a pretext or defense
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillมาmaaมาmaa1[to] come; arrive2[to] come to (a state or situation)3past/as of now aspect markerสายsǎaiสายsǎai1late (in the day); running late2morning (late morning period)3line; wire; cable4route; line (transport/communication)5classifier for long, flexible things (wires, ropes, necklaces)6informant; spy; secret agent7string; strap; band8lineage; affiliation; branch9classifier for rivers and streamsแล้วlɛ́ɛoแล้วlɛ́ɛo1already; now (as of this point)2then; and then; after that3already; completed-action marker4and; and then (linking clauses)อ้างว่าâang-wâaอ้างว่าâang-wâa[to] claim thatรถติดrót-dtìtรถติดrót-dtìt1traffic jam; congestion2[to] have heavy traffic; be congestedมากmâakมากmâak1very; extremely2much; a lot; greatly3many; numerous
He arrived late and claimed the traffic was terrible as an excuse.
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She said she had a headache, using it as a reason to skip the meeting.
ผู้จัดงานpûu-jàt-ngaanอ้างว่าâang-wâaไฟฟ้าfai-fáaขัดข้องkàt-kɔ̂ɔngจึงjʉngเลื่อนlʉ̂ʉanการแสดงออกgaan-sà-dɛɛng-ɔ̀ɔkไปbpai
The organizer gave a power outage as the reason and postponed the show.
เขาkǎoอ้างâangเหตุผลhèet-pǒnด้านdâanความปลอดภัยkwaam-bplɔ̀ɔt-paiเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaไม่mâiเปิดเผยbpə̀ət-pə̌əiรายละเอียดraai-lá-ìiatของkɔ̌ɔngโครงการkroong-gaan
He cited safety reasons as a pretext for not revealing the project's details.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markMai tho
- Syllable endingLive syllableNot needed here: the tone mark decides.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Falling tone
âang
Starts high, rises a little, then drops clearly.
Mid class + Mai tho → Falling
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |