เกิน
gəənMeanings
1AdverbA2
too; excessively; over-
more than is good, needed, or allowed; to an excessive degree; used as an intensifier after adjectives/adverbs
Examples
เผ็ดpètเผ็ดpèt1spicy; hot (pungent)2figuratively fierce/bitingเกินไปgəən-bpaiเกินไปgəən-bpaitoo; overly; excessivelyกินginกินgin1[to] eat2[to] drink (colloquial/with some nouns)3[to] take medicine (colloquial)4[to] consume; use up5[to] corrode; erode; eat into6[to] take (a bribe); pocketไม่ไหวmâi-wǎiไม่ไหวmâi-wǎi[to] be unable (to [do sth]); cannotเลยləəiเลยləəi1at all; whatsoever (often in negatives)2so; thus; then (immediate result)3completely; absolutely (emphasis)4[to] pass; go beyond; exceed
It’s too spicy; I can’t eat it.
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This task is too difficult for a beginner.
He drives too fast; even a bit more would be dangerous.
คำวิจารณ์kam-wí-jaanรุนแรงrun-rɛɛngเกินไปgəən-bpaiจนjonทำให้tam-hâiทีมtiimเสียกำลังใจsǐia-gam-lang-jai
The criticism was too harsh, to the point that it demoralized the team.
2VerbB1
[to] exceed; be more than
to be greater than a limit, amount, or expectation
Examples
นักเรียนnák-riianนักเรียนnák-riianschool student; pupilห้ามhâamห้ามhâam[to] forbid; prohibitนำnamนำnam1[to] bring; take; lead2[to] lead; guideกระเป๋าหนักgrà-bpǎo-nàkกระเป๋าหนักgrà-bpǎo-nàkrich; wealthyเกินgəənเกินgəən1too; excessively; over-2[to] exceed; be more than3beyond; more than (a limit)สิบsìpสิบsìp1ten2ten; unit of tenกิโลกรัมgì-loo-gramกิโลกรัมgì-loo-gram1kilogram (kg)2classifier: kilograms
Students are not allowed to bring bags heavier than ten kilograms.
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ตั๋วdtǔuaขายหมดkǎai-mòtภายในpaai-naiหนึ่งnʉ̀ngชั่วโมงchûua-moongเร็วreoเกินกว่าgəən-gwàaที่tîiคาดไว้kâat-wái
Tickets sold out within an hour, faster than expected.
This month’s expenses exceeded the set budget.
The exam results exceeded the teacher’s expectations.
3PrepositionB1
beyond; more than (a limit)
indicating an amount or level greater than a stated number, range, or limit
Examples
น้ำหนักกระเป๋าnám-nàk-grà-bpǎoน้ำหนักกระเป๋าnám-nàk-grà-bpǎobaggage weight; luggage weightของkɔ̌ɔngของkɔ̌ɔng1of; belonging to2thing; item; stuff3property; goodsคุณkunคุณkun1you (polite)2Mr.; Ms.; Mrs. (title)3quality; virtue; meritเกินgəənเกินgəən1too; excessively; over-2[to] exceed; be more than3beyond; more than (a limit)20กิโลกรัมgì-loo-gramกิโลกรัมgì-loo-gram1kilogram (kg)2classifier: kilogramsต้องdtɔ̂ngต้องdtɔ̂ng1must; have to2must; bound toจ่ายjàaiจ่ายjàai1[to] pay2[to] disburse; distribute (funds/resources)3[to] spend (money)4[to] pass a ballเพิ่มpə̂əmเพิ่มpə̂əm1[to] increase; add2additional; more3more; extra
Your bag’s weight is over 20 kilograms; you must pay extra.
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Do not drive over 80 kilometers per hour in this zone.
จำนวนคนjam-nuuan-konเข้าชมkâo-chomงานngaanวันนี้wan-níiมากกว่าmâak-gwàa20,000คนkonซึ่งsʉ̂ngเกินgəənจำนวนที่กำหนดjam-nuuan-tîi-gam-nòtไว้wái
The number of visitors today was more than 20,000, which exceeds the set limit.
ค่าใช้จ่ายkâa-chái-jàaiโครงการkroong-gaanครั้งนี้kráng-níiเกินgəənงบประมาณngóp-bprà-maanที่tîiกำหนดไว้gam-nòt-wáiประมาณbprà-maanสิบsìpเปอร์เซ็นต์bpəə-sen
The expenses of this project exceeded the set budget by about ten percent.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -น, a sonorant, so it is live.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Mid tone
gəən
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Mid class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |