ล่ม
lômMeanings
1VerbB1
[to] capsize; overturn (in water)
to overturn in water, causing a boat or vessel to flip; often used for boats capsizing
Examples
เรือrʉʉaเรือrʉʉaboat; ship; vesselเล็กlékเล็กlék1small; little2young; younger; youngest3minor; slightชนchonชนchon1[to] crash; collide2[to] clink (glasses); toast3people; tribe; classคลื่นklʉ̂ʉnคลื่นklʉ̂ʉn1wave (water/sea)2wave (physics; signal/EM)3surge; influx4broadcast frequency; radio bandแล้วlɛ́ɛoแล้วlɛ́ɛo1already; now (as of this point)2then; and then; after that3already; completed-action marker4and; and then (linking clauses)ล่มlômล่มlôm1[to] capsize; overturn (in water)2[to] sink; founder (of a vessel)3[to] collapse; fall into ruin4[to] fail; be called off; crash/go down5[to] miscarry; end in miscarriageใกล้glâiใกล้glâi1near; close (in distance/time/resemblance)2[to] be near; be close toฝั่งfàngฝั่งfàng1shore; bank2side
The small boat hit a wave and capsized near the shore.
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พอpɔɔพายุแรงpaa-yú-rɛɛngเรือหางยาวrʉʉa-hǎang-yaaoของkɔ̌ɔngชาวบ้านchaao-bâanก็gɔ̂ล่มlômกลางglaangคลองklɔɔng
When the storm got strong, the villagers’ long-tail boat capsized in the canal.
นักnákพายpaaiคาkaaยักyákฝึกซ้อมfʉ̀k-sɔ́ɔmแต่dtɛ̀ɛพอpɔɔหักhàkเลี้ยวแรงlíiao-rɛɛngไปbpaiนิดเดียวnít-diiaoเรือrʉʉaก็gɔ̂ล่มlôm
The kayaker was practicing, but with one sharp turn the boat capsized.
กัปตันgàp-dtanสั่งsàngทุกคนtúk-konใส่sàiชูชีพchuu-chîipทันtanทีหลังtii-lǎngเรือrʉʉaเริ่มrə̂əmเสียหลักsǐia-làkและlɛ́มีแนวโน้มmii-nɛɛo-nóomจะjàล่มlômเพราะprɔ́คลื่นklʉ̂ʉnสวนsǔuanซัดsátซ้ำsám
The captain ordered everyone to put on life jackets immediately after the boat began to lose balance and was likely to capsize due to repeated oncoming waves.
2VerbB1
[to] sink; founder (of a vessel)
For a boat or other vessel to sink or founder.
Examples
เรือไม้reuua máaiเรือไม้reuua máaiwooden boatเก่าgàoเก่าgào1old; not new2former; previous3old-fashioned; outdatedค่อยkôiค่อยkôi1gradually; little by little2gently; softly3not very; hardly (with negation)4then; later; only afterๆ-ล่มlômล่มlôm1[to] capsize; overturn (in water)2[to] sink; founder (of a vessel)3[to] collapse; fall into ruin4[to] fail; be called off; crash/go down5[to] miscarry; end in miscarriageลงไปlong bpaiลงไปlong bpai1[to] go down; descend (away)2directional particle: down/into (away)3and below; downward from (a point)ในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)น้ำnáamน้ำnáam1water2liquid; fluid3juice; extract4sauce; broth5bodily fluid (in compounds)
The old wooden boat slowly sank into the water.
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After strong waves, the fish cage sank below the water’s surface.
ชาวประมงchaao-bprà-mongรีบrîipช่วยกันchûuai-ganตักน้ำdtàk-náamออกɔ̀ɔkแต่dtɛ̀ɛเรือrʉʉaยังyangล่มlômจนjonมิดmít
The fishermen hurried to bail out water, but the boat still sank completely.
ทุ่นtûnที่tîiหลุดlùtทำให้tam-hâiแพpɛɛขอนไม้kɔ̌ɔn-máaiเสียsǐiaสมดุลsǒm-dunและlɛ́ล่มlômลงสู่long-sùuก้นgônคลองklɔɔng
The detached float caused the log raft to lose balance and sink to the bottom of the canal.
3VerbB1
[to] collapse; fall into ruin
To collapse or be ruined, especially of a country, institution, or established order.
Examples
หลังคาlǎng-kaaหลังคาlǎng-kaaroofเก่าgàoเก่าgào1old; not new2former; previous3old-fashioned; outdatedมากmâakมากmâak1very; extremely2much; a lot; greatly3many; numerousพอpɔɔพอpɔɔ1enough; sufficient2enough; sufficiently3[to] suffice; be enough4quite; rather; fairly5as soon as; whenฝนตกหนักfǒn-dtòk-nàkฝนตกหนักfǒn-dtòk-nàk[to] rain heavily; pourก็gɔ̂ก็gɔ̂1also; too2then; so (sequence/result)3conditional marker (if… then…)4well; after all (emphasis/justification)5topic/resumption markerล่มlômล่มlôm1[to] capsize; overturn (in water)2[to] sink; founder (of a vessel)3[to] collapse; fall into ruin4[to] fail; be called off; crash/go down5[to] miscarry; end in miscarriageลงมาlong-maaลงมาlong-maa1[to] come down; descend2down toward the speaker (directional complement)3[to] decrease; come down (to a level)4up to; [number] and under
The roof was very old; when it rained heavily, it collapsed.
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กำแพงอิฐgam-pɛɛng-ìtที่tîiไม่ได้mâi-dâaiเสริมเหล็กsə̌əm-lèkนั้นnánล่มlômทันทีtan-tiiเมื่อmʉ̂ʉaมีmiiแรงrɛɛngสั่นsànเล็กน้อยlék-nɔ́ɔi
The brick wall without reinforcement collapsed immediately when there was a slight tremor.
เวทีwee-tiiชั่วคราวchûua-kraaoรับน้ำหนักráp-nám-nàkคนดูkon-duuไม่ไหวmâi-wǎiจึงjʉngล่มlômกลางglaangงานngaanอย่างกะทันหันyàang-gà-tan-hǎn
The temporary stage couldn't bear the audience's weight and suddenly collapsed in the middle of the event.
โครงสร้างkroong-sâangที่tîiก่อสร้างgɔ̀ɔ-sâangผิดpìtแบบbɛ̀ɛpมีmiiความเสี่ยงkwaam-sìiangสูงsǔungจะjàล่มlômโดยเฉพาะdooi-chà-pɔ́เมื่อmʉ̂ʉaเจอjəəแรงลมrɛɛng-lomและlɛ́ฝนfǒnที่tîiรุนแรงrun-rɛɛng
A structure built incorrectly is at high risk of collapsing, especially when facing strong winds and heavy rain.
4VerbB1
[to] fail; be called off; crash/go down
to fail or be canceled (e.g., a plan or event), or for a service/system to crash or go down
Examples
งานเลี้ยงngaan-líiangงานเลี้ยงngaan-líiangparty; banquet; reception; feast; functionคืนนี้kʉʉn-níiคืนนี้kʉʉn-níi1tonight (the night of today)2tonightล่มlômล่มlôm1[to] capsize; overturn (in water)2[to] sink; founder (of a vessel)3[to] collapse; fall into ruin4[to] fail; be called off; crash/go down5[to] miscarry; end in miscarriageเพราะprɔ́เพราะprɔ́1because2because of; due to3melodious; pleasant-soundingฝนตกหนักfǒn-dtòk-nàkฝนตกหนักfǒn-dtòk-nàk[to] rain heavily; pourและlɛ́และlɛ́and (coordinating)ไฟดับfai-dàpไฟดับfai-dàp1power outage; blackout2[of power/lights] go out; cut out
Tonight’s party was canceled because of heavy rain and a power outage.
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แผนเดินทางpɛ̌ɛn-dəən-taangไปbpaiภูเขาpuu-kǎoล่มlômเมื่อmʉ̂ʉaเพื่อนpʉ̂ʉanติดdtìtงานngaanกะทันหันgà-tan-hǎn
The plan to go to the mountains fell through when a friend suddenly got work.
ระบบrá-bòpจองตั๋วjɔɔng-dtǔuaล่มlômทำให้tam-hâiลูกค้าlûuk-káaซื้อsʉ́ʉบัตรbàtไม่ได้mâi-dâaiทั้งวันtáng-wan
The ticketing system went down, causing customers to be unable to purchase tickets all day.
การเจรจาgaan-jee-rá-jaaเกือบจะgʉ̀ʉap-jàบรรลุban-lúข้อตกลงkɔ̂ɔ-dtòk-longแล้วlɛ́ɛoทว่าtá-wâaล่มlômเพราะprɔ́เงื่อนไขngʉ̂ʉan-kǎiสุดท้ายsùt-táaiที่tîiทั้งtángสองsɔ̌ɔngฝ่ายfàaiยอมรับyɔɔm-rápไม่ได้mâi-dâai
The negotiation was close to an agreement, but it collapsed due to a final condition unacceptable to both sides.
5VerbC1
[to] miscarry; end in miscarriage
to end in miscarriage; colloquial usage for a pregnancy that fails
Examples
เธอtəəเธอtəə1you (informal; familiar)2she; herเสียใจsǐia-jaiเสียใจsǐia-jai1[to] be sad; feel sorry2[to] regret3my condolencesมากmâakมากmâak1very; extremely2much; a lot; greatly3many; numerousที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerท้องtɔ́ɔngท้องtɔ́ɔng1belly; abdomen; stomach (body part); underside (of sth)2womb; mother's belly3[to] be pregnant4expanse; interior; area (in compounds)ล่มlômล่มlôm1[to] capsize; overturn (in water)2[to] sink; founder (of a vessel)3[to] collapse; fall into ruin4[to] fail; be called off; crash/go down5[to] miscarry; end in miscarriageหลังจากlǎng-jàakหลังจากlǎng-jàak1after; subsequent to (time)2after; once (clause)รอrɔɔรอrɔɔ1[to] wait2[to] wait for; awaitมานานmaa-naanมานานmaa-naanfor a long time (up to now)
She was very upset that the pregnancy failed after waiting so long.
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แพทย์pɛ̂ɛtอธิบายà-tí-baaiว่าwâaการท้องgaan-tɔ́ɔngล่มlômอาจàatเกิดจากgə̀ət-jàakความผิดปกติkwaam-pìt-bpòk-gà-dtìของkɔ̌ɔngโครโมโซมkroo-moo-soomซึ่งsʉ̂ngพบpópได้dâaiบ่อยbɔ̀iในnaiระยะแรกrá-yá-rɛ̂ɛk
The doctor explained that a failed pregnancy can result from chromosomal abnormalities, which are common in early stages.
แม้mɛ́ɛจะjàเตรียมตัวอย่างdtriiam-dtuua-yàangดีdiiแต่dtɛ̀ɛการตั้งครรภ์gaan-dtâng-kanก็gɔ̂ล่มlômทำให้tam-hâiครอบครัวkrɔ̂ɔp-kruuaต้องdtɔ̂ngรับมือráp-mʉʉกับgàpความสูญเสียkwaam-sǔun-sǐiaทางใจtaang-jai
Even with good preparation, the pregnancy failed, leaving the family to cope with emotional loss.
เธอtəəพูดpûutอย่างyàangแผ่วเบาpɛ̀ɛo-baoว่าwâaครั้งkrángก่อนgɔ̀ɔnล่มlômจึงjʉngยังyangไม่mâiกล้าglâaบอกbɔ̀ɔkข่าวkàaoกับgàpใครkraiจนกว่าจะพ้นjon-gwàa-jà-pónไตรมาสdtrai-mâatแรกrɛ̂ɛk
She softly said that the previous pregnancy failed, so she doesn’t dare share the news with anyone until after the first trimester.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markMai ek
- Syllable endingLive syllableNot needed here: the tone mark decides.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
Falling tone
lôm
Starts high, rises a little, then drops clearly.
Low class + Mai ek → Falling
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |