เสีย
sǐiaMeanings
1AdjectiveA2
broken; out of order
not working; damaged or malfunctioning
Examples
โทรศัพท์too-rá-sàpโทรศัพท์too-rá-sàp1telephone; phone2[to] telephone [sb]; [to] callฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)เสียsǐiaเสียsǐia1broken; out of order2spoiled; ruined; gone bad3[to] pay4[to] lose; forfeit; waste5[to] die; pass away6particle marking emphasis, completion, or decisivenessเปิดbpə̀ətเปิดbpə̀ət1[to] open; uncover; unwrap2[to] turn on; switch on3[to] start; launch; open for businessไม่ติดmâi-dtìtไม่ติดmâi-dtìt1not sticking; not attached2won't start; won't turn on3not stuck in traffic4not busy; available5[to] not pass; not be selected6not infected (with a disease)7not addicted; not attached (to a habit)8(coll.) don't mind; not bothered
My phone is broken; it won't turn on.
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The washing machine at home is broken; we need to call a repairman.
The TV remote is broken; the buttons don’t work.
The office computers break down frequently, causing delays.
2AdjectiveA2
spoiled; ruined; gone bad
in a ruined or deteriorated state (e.g., food gone bad, mood spoiled, reputation damaged)
Examples
นมnomนมnom1milk2breast; boob (informal)ขวดkùuatขวดkùuat1bottle2classifier: bottleนี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)เสียแล้วsǐia-lɛ́ɛoเสียแล้วsǐia-lɛ́ɛoalready (final/regretful tone)กินginกินgin1[to] eat2[to] drink (colloquial/with some nouns)3[to] consume; use up4[to] corrode; erode; eat into5[to] take (a bribe); pocketไม่ได้mâi-dâaiไม่ได้mâi-dâai1cannot; not allowed; impossible2did not3[to] fail to get/receive [sth]4unacceptable; not allowed (won’t do)5No way!; absolutely not6not really/actually (corrective)
This bottle of milk has gone bad and can't be drunk.
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ฉันchǎnลืมlʉʉmเก็บgèpเข้าkâoตู้เย็นdtûu-yenอาหารaa-hǎanเลยləəiเสียsǐiaตั้งแต่dtâng-dtɛ̀ɛเมื่อวานmʉ̂ʉa-waan
I forgot to put it in the fridge, so the food has been spoiled since yesterday.
The heavy rain completely spoiled the party atmosphere.
ข่าวลือkàao-lʉʉที่tîiไม่จริงmâi-jingทำให้tam-hâiชื่อเสียงchʉ̂ʉ-sǐiangของเขาkɔ̌ɔng-kǎoเสียไปsǐia-bpaiมากmâak
The false rumors greatly damaged his reputation.
3VerbA2
[to] pay
to give money to settle a fee or cost
Examples
เข้าkâoเข้าkâo1[to] enter; go in2[to] put in; insert3[to] understand4[to] join; enter (an organization, school, etc.)5[to] fit; suit; match6rice (archaic; dialectal)7[to] enter; reach (a period or stage)พิพิธภัณฑ์pí-pít-tá-panพิพิธภัณฑ์pí-pít-tá-panmuseumต้องdtɔ̂ngต้องdtɔ̂ng1must; have to2must; bound toเสียsǐiaเสียsǐia1broken; out of order2spoiled; ruined; gone bad3[to] pay4[to] lose; forfeit; waste5[to] die; pass away6particle marking emphasis, completion, or decisivenessค่าเข้าkâa-kâoค่าเข้าkâa-kâoentrance fee; admission feeชมchomชมchom1[to] praise; compliment2[to] admire; take in (a view)3[to] watch; view (a show/broadcast)4[to] visit and view; tour
You have to pay an admission fee to enter the museum.
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Yesterday I paid the parking fee for the whole day.
เธอtəəต้องdtɔ̂ngเสียsǐiaค่าส่งkâa-sòngเพิ่มpə̂əmถ้าtâaต้องการdtɔ̂ng-gaanให้hâiของkɔ̌ɔngถึงtʉ̌ngพรุ่งนี้prûng-níi
You have to pay extra shipping if you want the item to arrive by tomorrow.
นักศึกษาnák-sʉ̀k-sǎaไทยtaiต้องdtɔ̂ngเสียsǐiaค่าเทอมkâa-təəmภายในpaai-naiกำหนดgam-nòtไม่เช่นนั้นmâi-chên-nánจะjàถูกtùukปรับbpràp
Thai students must pay tuition within the deadline; otherwise, they will be fined.
4VerbB1
[to] lose; forfeit; waste
to part with something unwillingly or to use up in a way that feels regrettable
Examples
ฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)ต้องdtɔ̂ngต้องdtɔ̂ng1must; have to2must; bound toจำใจjam-jaiจำใจjam-jai1[to] do reluctantly; be obliged (unwillingly)2reluctantly; unwillingly; out of obligationขายkǎaiขายkǎai1[to] sell [sth]2for sale; for purchase3[to] sell oneself; prostitute oneselfจักรยานjàk-grà-yaanจักรยานjàk-grà-yaanbicycle; bikeคันkanคันkan1itchy2[to] itch; feel itchy3classifier for vehicles4lever; handle5shaft; rod; pole6classifier for fishing rods; poles; handlesโปรดbpròotโปรดbpròot1please (formal/request)2favor; like; be fond of (formal)3favorite; preferredไปbpaiไปbpai1[to] go2away; off (directional complement/particle)3on; onward; continuously (aspect marker)4(aspect) completed; already pastเพราะprɔ́เพราะprɔ́1because2because of; due to3melodious; pleasant-soundingต้องdtɔ̂ngต้องdtɔ̂ng1must; have to2must; bound toใช้เงินchái-ngənใช้เงินchái-ngən[to] spend moneyด่วนdùuanด่วนdùuan1urgent; immediate2urgent; express (service/class)3urgently; in a hurry
I had to reluctantly sell my favorite bicycle because I needed cash urgently.
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เขาkăoเดินทางไกลdern taang glaiไปbpaiดูคอนเสิร์ตdoo kon-sèrtแต่dtàeพอporยกเลิกyók-lêrkก็เลยgôr loeiเสียเวลาsĭia wee-laaและláeเสียsĭiaแรงraengไปbpaiเปล่าๆbplào bplào
He traveled far to see the concert, but it got canceled, so he ended up wasting time and effort.
ฉันchǎnทำงานtam-ngaanโครงการkroong-gaanนี้níiมาหลายเดือนmaa-lǎai-dʉʉanพอpɔɔผู้ว่าจ้างpûu-wâa-jâangยกเลิกyók-lə̂əkก็gɔ̂รู้สึกว่าrúu-sʉ̀k-wâaเสียsǐiaแรงrɛɛngและlɛ́เสียโอกาสsǐia-oo-gàatมากmâak
I worked on this project for months, and when the client canceled, I felt I had wasted my effort and lost opportunities.
เราraoเถียงกันtǐiang-ganจนjonเสียเวลาsǐia-wee-laaไปbpaiทั้งtángบ่ายbàaiโดยdooiไม่ได้mâi-dâaiข้อสรุปkɔ̂ɔ-sà-rùpแถมยังtɛ̌ɛm-yangต้องdtɔ̂ngเสียsǐiaทรัพยากรsáp-pá-yaa-gɔɔnที่tîiเตรียมไว้dtriiam-wáiสำหรับsǎm-ràpงานngaanอื่นʉ̀ʉnด้วยdûuai
We argued and wasted the whole afternoon without any conclusion, and we also had to use up resources meant for other tasks.
5VerbB2
[to] die; pass away
To die, used euphemistically of a person.
6ParticleB2
particle marking emphasis, completion, or decisiveness
Used after a verb or predicate to emphasize an action or state, or urge that an action be carried out or completed.
Examples
ช่วยchûuaiช่วยchûuai1[to] help; assist [sb/sth]2please (request marker)3[to] save; rescue [sb]เงียบngîiapเงียบngîiap1quiet; silent2quiet (place/time)3[to] be quiet; fall silent4[to] go silent; stop respondingเสียหน่อยsǐia-nɔ̀iเสียหน่อยsǐia-nɔ̀i1a little; for a short while2polite urging particle: please; just do it a bitได้ไหมdâai-mǎiได้ไหมdâai-mǎi1is it possible/allowed?; OK?2could you ... ? (request softener)ฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)ตั้งใจdtâng-jaiตั้งใจdtâng-jai1[to] intend; mean to2[to] be determined; resolve3[to] pay close attention; concentrate4intentionally; on purposeอ่านหนังสือàan-nǎng-sʉ̌ʉอ่านหนังสือàan-nǎng-sʉ̌ʉ[to] read; [to] studyอยู่yùuอยู่yùu1[to] live; reside; stay2to be (located); be at3progressive/continuative marker4to exist; remain
Please be quiet, will you; I’m trying to study.
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Go ahead and decide now, so you'll still catch the promotion.
Go ahead and speak clearly once and for all, so we won’t misunderstand again.
Stop worrying already; do what you can and let it go.
By the time we got there, the movie had unfortunately ended.
น่าจะnâa-jàเตือนdtʉʉanกันganเร็วกว่าreo-gwàaนี้níiฉันchǎnจึงjʉngพลาดplâatโอกาสoo-gàatสมัครsà-màkทุนtunเสียแล้วsǐia-lɛ́ɛo
You should have warned me sooner; I’ve unfortunately missed the chance to apply for the scholarship.
เขาkǎoตั้งใจซ้อมdtâng-jai-sɔ́ɔmมากmâakแต่ดันdtɛ̀ɛ-danเจ็บjèpก่อนgɔ̀ɔnแข่งkɛ̀ngเลยləəiต้องdtɔ̂ngถอนตัวtɔ̌ɔn-dtuuaเสียแล้วsǐia-lɛ́ɛo
He trained hard but got injured before the competition, so he unfortunately had to withdraw.
คุยกันkui-ganช้าcháaไปbpaiนิดเดียวnít-diiaoประเด็นสำคัญbprà-den-sǎm-kanถูกtùukตัดdtàtออกจากɔ̀ɔk-jàakวาระwaa-ráเสียแล้วsǐia-lɛ́ɛo
We discussed it just a bit too late; the key item was regrettably removed from the agenda.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classHigh class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableA long vowel with no final consonant, so it is live.
High class consonants
ขฃฉฐถผฝศษสห
Result
Rising tone
sǐia
Dips low first, then rises clearly.
High class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Rising
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |