คว่ำ
kwâmMeanings
1VerbA2
[to] turn [sth] face down; invert
To place or turn something so that its face or top is down; to turn it upside down.
Examples
ช่วยchûuaiช่วยchûuai1[to] help; assist [sb/sth]2please (request marker)3[to] save; rescue [sb]คว่ำkwâmคว่ำkwâm1[to] turn [sth] face down; invert2overturned; face down3[to] capsize; overturn (accidentally)4[to] defeat; vote down; overturn (figurative)แก้วgɛ̂ɛoแก้วgɛ̂ɛo1drinking glass2glass (material)3classifier: glasses of drink4crystal; precious gemลงlongลงlong1[to] go down; descend2[to] get off (vehicle)3down; downstream4[to] put; apply; record5[to] decrease; go down6[to] land; alight7southward; down-country8[to] publish; post [sth] onlineหลังlǎngหลังlǎng1back (of body)2rear; back (part)3behind; at the back of4after; later than5CL: bed; bed-like platform6CL: building; house; structureล้างláangล้างláang1[to] wash; rinse; clean with water2[to] develop (film/photos)3[to] clear; wipe out (debt/record/accusation)4[to] cleanse; absolve (figurative)เสร็จsètเสร็จsèt1finished; done2[to] finish; be done3done for; screwed (slang)4[to] reach orgasm; come (informal, euphemistic)นะnáนะná1softener; friendly particle2persuasive/confirming particle
Please turn the glass upside down after washing it.
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He turned the box upside down to let the dust fall out.
Mom told me to place the plates face down on the rack to dry.
ก่อนgɔ̀ɔnทาสีtaa-sǐiใหม่màiช่างchângคว่ำkwâmกระป๋องgrà-bpɔ̌ɔngสีsǐiเพื่อไม่ให้pʉ̂ʉa-mâi-hâiฝุ่นfùnปลิวbpliuตกลงไปdtòk-long-bpaiในnaiปากbpàakกระป๋องgrà-bpɔ̌ɔng
Before repainting, the worker turned the paint can upside down to prevent dust from falling into the opening.
2AdjectiveB1
overturned; face down
In a position with the face or top down; turned upside down.
Examples
แก้วgɛ̂ɛoแก้วgɛ̂ɛo1drinking glass2glass (material)3classifier: glasses of drink4crystal; precious gemใบbaiใบbai1leaf2sheet; slip; card; ticket; bill; receipt3classifier for leaves, paper items, containers, and certain other objects4license; permit; certificate5bladeนี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)วางwaangวางwaang1[to] put; place; set (down)2[to] hang up (the phone); end a call3[to] lay (eggs)4[to] lay out; formulate; establish (plan/policy/system)5[to] set; assign; impose6[to] let go of; relinquish (attachment/prejudice)คว่ำkwâmคว่ำkwâm1[to] turn [sth] face down; invert2overturned; face down3[to] capsize; overturn (accidentally)4[to] defeat; vote down; overturn (figurative)อยู่yùuอยู่yùu1[to] live; reside; stay2to be (located); be at3progressive/continuative marker4to exist; remainบนbonบนbon1on; upon; in; above2upper; top3[to] vow (at a shrine)ผ้าpâaผ้าpâa1cloth; fabric; textile2cloth item3classifier: ผืน (pieces of cloth); ม้วน (rolls); พับ (bolts)เช็ดchétเช็ดchét[to] wipe; dabโต๊ะdtóโต๊ะdtó1table2desk
This glass is placed face down on the tablecloth.
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เขาkǎoพบpópหนังสือnǎng-sʉ̌ʉเล่มlêmหนึ่งnʉ̀ngวางwaangคว่ำkwâmทิ้งไว้tíng-wáiบนbonเตียงdtiiangเหมือนmʉ̌ʉanมีใครmii-kraiอ่านàanค้างkáang
He found a book left face down on the bed as if someone had been reading it.
I slept face down all night and woke up with a sore neck.
เพื่อpʉ̂ʉaป้องกันbpɔ̂ng-ganฝุ่นละอองfùn-lá-ɔɔngชามchaamจึงjʉngถูtǔuกวางgwaangคว่ำkwâmอย่างyàangเป็นระเบียบbpen-rá-bìiapบนbonชั้นวางchán-waang
To prevent dust, the bowls were neatly placed upside down on the shelf.
3VerbB1
[to] capsize; overturn (accidentally)
To flip or roll over unintentionally, as with a vehicle, boat, person, or container.
Examples
เมื่อเช้าmʉ̂ʉa-cháoเมื่อเช้าmʉ̂ʉa-cháothis morning; earlier this morningแก้วน้ำgɛ̂ɛo-náamแก้วน้ำgɛ̂ɛo-náamdrinking glass; tumblerตกdtòkตกdtòk1[to] fall; drop2(rain/snow) fall3[to] fail (an exam/test)4[to] drop; decline; decrease5[to] cost; come to6[to] fall to; devolve upon; be allotted to7[to] be left out; miss one’s turnพื้นpʉ́ʉnพื้นpʉ́ʉn1floor2ground; base surface; bottom3plain; unpatterned4basis; level; background (figurative)5background (color/pattern)แล้วlɛ́ɛoแล้วlɛ́ɛo1already; now (as of this point)2then; and then; after that3already; completed-action marker4and; and then (linking clauses)คว่ำkwâmคว่ำkwâm1[to] turn [sth] face down; invert2overturned; face down3[to] capsize; overturn (accidentally)4[to] defeat; vote down; overturn (figurative)น้ำnáamน้ำnáam1water2liquid; fluid3juice; extract4sauce; broth5bodily fluid (in compounds)6served with broth7empty words; fillerเลยləəiเลยləəi1at all; whatsoever (often in negatives)2so; thus; then (immediate result)3completely; absolutely (emphasis)4[to] pass; go beyond; exceedหกhòkหกhòk1six (6)2[to] spillเต็มdtemเต็มdtem1full; filled2complete; entire; full (amount)3[to] be full4fully; completely; to the fullโต๊ะdtóโต๊ะdtó1table2desk
This morning the glass fell and flipped over, so water spilled all over the table.
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รถจักรยานrót-jàk-grà-yaanของเขาkɔ̌ɔng-kǎoเสียหลักsǐia-làkคว่ำkwâmตอนdtɔɔnเข้าโค้งkâo-kóongแต่dtɛ̀ɛโชคดีchôok-diiแค่kɛ̂ɛถลอกtà-lɔ̀ɔkเล็กน้อยlék-nɔ́ɔi
His bicycle lost balance and flipped over while turning a corner, but luckily he only got minor scrapes.
The kayak capsized due to strong waves, causing everyone to fall into the water.
รถบรรทุกrót-ban-túkเสียหลักsǐia-làkและlɛ́คว่ำkwâmกลางglaangถนนtà-nǒnหลังlǎngหลบหลุมlòp-lǔmทำให้tam-hâiการจราจรติดขัดgaan-jà-raa-jɔɔn-dtìt-kàtยาวyaao
The truck lost control and rolled over in the middle of the road after avoiding a pothole, causing long traffic congestion.
4VerbB2
[to] defeat; vote down; overturn (figurative)
To defeat an opponent, reject a proposal or motion, or overturn a decision.
Examples
ที่ประชุมtîi-bprà-chumที่ประชุมtîi-bprà-chum1meeting; conference (event)2meeting venue/room3the assembly; the bodyลงมติlong-má-dtìลงมติlong-má-dtì[to] vote; [to] decide by voteคว่ำkwâmคว่ำkwâm1[to] turn [sth] face down; invert2overturned; face down3[to] capsize; overturn (accidentally)4[to] defeat; vote down; overturn (figurative)ข้อเสนอkɔ̂ɔ-sà-nə̌əข้อเสนอkɔ̂ɔ-sà-nə̌ə1proposal; suggestion2offer; bid (business)ของkɔ̌ɔngของkɔ̌ɔng1of; belonging to2thing; item; stuff3property; goodsคณะกรรมการká-ná-gam-má-gaanคณะกรรมการká-ná-gam-má-gaancommittee; boardด้วยdûuaiด้วยdûuai1with; together with2also; too; as well3by; by means of; using4because of; due to5because; since (formal/literary)6request particle; please; tooคะแนนká-nɛɛnคะแนนká-nɛɛn1score; point(s)2vote (counted choice)3rating; grade; markเสียงข้างมากsǐiang-kâang-mâakเสียงข้างมากsǐiang-kâang-mâak1majority (of votes)2majority side/faction
The meeting voted down the committee’s proposal by a majority.
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ศาลสูงsǎan-sǔungคว่ำkwâmผลการตัดสินpǒn-gaan-dtàt-sǐnเดิมdəəmและlɛ́สั่งให้sàng-hâiพิจารณาคดีpí-jaa-rá-naa-ká-diiใหม่mài
The high court overturned the previous ruling and ordered a retrial.
สภาฯsà-paaคว่ำkwâmร่างกฎหมายrâang gòt-măaiงบประมาณngóp-bprà-maanหลังจากlăng jàakถกเถียงกันtòk tĭiang ganยืดเยื้อyêut yéuuaหลายlăaiชั่วโมงchûua-mohng
The parliament voted down the budget bill after hours of prolonged debate.
คณะกรรมการká-ná-gam-má-gaanอิสระìt-sà-ràคว่ำkwâmผลpǒnการคัดเลือกgaan-kát-lʉ̂ʉakเดิมdəəmโดยdooiให้เหตุผลhâi-hèet-pǒnว่าwâaกระบวนการgrà-buuan-gaanไม่โปร่งใสmâi-bpròong-sǎi
The independent committee overturned the original selection result, citing a lack of transparency in the process.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow classConsonant clusterIn the cluster คว, the first consonant ค sets the class.
- Tone markMai ek
- Syllable endingLive syllableNot needed here: the tone mark decides.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
Falling tone
kwâm
Starts high, rises a little, then drops clearly.
Low class + Mai ek → Falling
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |