คลื่น
klʉ̂ʉnMeanings
1NounA2
wave (water/sea)
a moving ridge on the surface of water caused by wind, tides, or other forces
Examples
วันนี้wan néeวันนี้wan née1today (time of speech)2today; this day3nowadays; at presentทะเลtá-layทะเลtá-lay1sea2seaside; the beachมีmeeมีmee1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoคลื่นklêunคลื่นklêun1wave (water/sea)2wave (physics; signal/EM)3surge; influx4broadcast frequency; radio bandเล็กๆlék lékเล็กๆlék lék1small; little; tiny (softened by reduplication)2slightly; a littleเด็กๆdèk dèkเด็กๆdèk dèk1children; kids2childish; immature3easy; trivial (colloquial)เล่นน้ำlên náamเล่นน้ำlên náamto play in the water; splash aroundได้dâiได้dâi1okay; sure; agreed2[to] get; obtain; receive3can; [to] be able to; may4[to] manage to; succeed in5actualized-action marker
Today the sea has small waves; kids can play in the water.
3 more examplesShow less
Yesterday the wind was strong, and waves kept crashing toward the shore.
In the evening, the tide rises and the waves are higher than in the morning.
ชาวประมงchaao-bprà-mongต้องdtɔ̂ngรอrɔɔให้hâiคลื่นklʉ̂ʉnสงบsà-ngòpก่อนgɔ̀ɔnจึงjʉngจะjàออกเรือɔ̀ɔk-rʉʉaได้dâaiอย่างyàangปลอดภัยbplɔ̀ɔt-pai
Fishermen must wait for the waves to calm before setting out safely.
2NounB1
wave (physics; signal/EM)
an oscillation that carries energy through a medium or space, such as sound or electromagnetic waves
Examples
เสียงsǐiangเสียงsǐiang1sound; noise2voice3vote4tone; timbre5phonetic toneเดินทางdəən-taangเดินทางdəən-taang[to] travel; make a journeyเป็นคลื่นbpen-klʉ̂ʉnเป็นคลื่นbpen-klʉ̂ʉn[to] be wavy; undulateผ่านpàanผ่านpàan1[to] pass (by/through)2[to] pass (succeed/clear)3[to] experience; go through4past; via; throughอากาศaa-gàatอากาศaa-gàat1air2weatherไปถึงbpai-tʉ̌ngไปถึงbpai-tʉ̌ng1[to] arrive at; get to; reach (a place)2[to] reach; extend to (level/amount/scope)3[to] reach; be delivered to (sb/sth)หูhǔuหูhǔu1ear2hearing; ability to hear3handle; lug; loop (ear-like part)เราraoเราrao1we; us2I; me (informal/regional)
Sound travels as waves through the air to our ears.
3 more examplesShow less
โทรศัพท์มือถือtoo-rá-sàp-mʉʉ-tʉ̌ʉส่งข้อมูลsòng-kɔ̂ɔ-muunด้วยdûuaiคลื่นแม่เหล็กไฟฟ้าklʉ̂ʉn-mɛ̂ɛ-lèk-fai-fáaที่tîiมองไม่เห็นmɔɔng-mâi-hěn
Mobile phones transmit data with invisible electromagnetic waves.
แผ่นดินไหวpɛ̀n-din-wǎiปล่อยbplɔ̀iคลื่นklʉ̂ʉnไหวwǎiสะเทือนsà-tʉʉanที่tîiเซนเซอร์seen-sə̂əสามารถsǎa-mâatตรวจจับdtrùuat-jàpได้dâai
Earthquakes release seismic waves that sensors can detect.
ไมโครเวฟmai-kroo-wêepให้hâiพลังงานpá-lang-ngaanกับgàpอาหารaa-hǎanโดยdooiอาศัยaa-sǎiการสั่นgaan-sànของkɔ̌ɔngโมเลกุลmoo-lee-gunน้ำnáamจากjàakคลื่นแม่เหล็กไฟฟ้าklʉ̂ʉn-mɛ̂ɛ-lèk-fai-fáa
Microwaves energize food by causing water molecules to vibrate due to electromagnetic waves.
3NounB2
surge; influx
a sudden large movement or increase of people, things, or emotions
Examples
หลังlǎngหลังlǎng1back (of body)2rear; back (part)3behind; at the back of4after; later than5CL: bed; bed-like platform6CL: building; house; structureข่าวkàaoข่าวkàao1news; news report2news item; report3rumor; hearsayออกมาɔ̀ɔk-maaออกมาɔ̀ɔk-maa1[to] come out; emerge2[to] be released; be made public3[to] turn out; end up4[to] come forward; speak outเกิดgə̀ətเกิดgə̀ət1to be born2to happen; occur; arise3born (indicating birthplace/time)4(colloq.) if it happens that; unexpectedlyคลื่นklʉ̂ʉnคลื่นklʉ̂ʉn1wave (water/sea)2wave (physics; signal/EM)3surge; influx4broadcast frequency; radio bandคนkonคนkon1person; human2classifier: people3[to] stir; mix by stirringแห่hɛ̀ɛแห่hɛ̀ɛ1[to] parade; form a procession2[to] flock; rush in large numbersไปต่อbpai-dtɔ̀ɔไปต่อbpai-dtɔ̀ɔ[to] continue; [to] go onคิวkiuคิวkiu1queue; line2turn in order3appointment slot; booking; schedule4cue (signal)5billiard cueซื้อsʉ́ʉซื้อsʉ́ʉ1[to] buy; purchase2[to] bribe; buy offสินค้าsǐn-káaสินค้าsǐn-káa1product; item2goods; merchandiseราคาพิเศษraa-kaa-pí-sèetราคาพิเศษraa-kaa-pí-sèetspecial price; promotional priceจนjonจนjon1poor2until; up to3so ... that; to the point ofห้างhâangห้างhâang1mall; shopping center2department store3trading firm (dated/formal)แน่นnɛ̂nแน่นnɛ̂n1tight; secure; firm2crowded; packed3uncomfortably full; bloated; tight4solid; reliable; certain (figurative)
After the news broke, a wave of people rushed to queue for discounted goods, packing the mall.
3 more examplesShow less
พอpɔɔทีมชาติtiim-châatชนะchá-náก็gɔ̂มีmiiกลุ่มglùmแฟนบอลfɛɛn-bɔnสร้างsâangคลื่นklʉ̂ʉnความดีใจkwaam-dii-jaiลามlaamไปทั่วbpai-tûuaเมืองmʉʉang
When the national team won, waves of joy spread throughout the city.
บริษัทbɔɔ-rí-sàtต้องdtɔ̂ngรับมือráp-mʉʉกับgàpคลื่นklʉ̂ʉnคำสั่งซื้อkam-sàng-sʉ́ʉที่tîiพุ่งขึ้นpûng-kʉ̂nฉับพลันchàp-planหลังlǎngเปิดbpə̀ətตัวสินค้าdtuua-sǐn-káaใหม่mài
The company had to cope with a sudden surge of orders after launching the new product.
การเปลี่ยนแปลงgaan-bplìian-bplɛɛngนโยบายná-yoo-baaiทำให้เกิดtam-hâi-gə̀ətคลื่นklʉ̂ʉnความไม่พอใจkwaam-mâi-pɔɔ-jaiของkɔ̌ɔngประชาชนbprà-chaa-chonที่tîiขยายตัวkà-yǎai-dtuuaอย่างรวดเร็วyàang-rûuat-reo
The policy change triggered a rapidly expanding wave of public discontent.
4NounB2
broadcast frequency; radio band
a radio or broadcast frequency/band used for transmission
Examples
สถานีsà-tǎa-niiสถานีsà-tǎa-nii1transport station2broadcasting station3service station/baseนี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)ออกอากาศɔ̀ɔk-aa-gàatออกอากาศɔ̀ɔk-aa-gàat1[to] broadcast; air2on air; being broadcast; airedข่าวkàaoข่าวkàao1news; news report2news item; report3rumor; hearsayบนbonบนbon1on; upon; in; above2upper; top3[to] vow (at a shrine)คลื่นklʉ̂ʉnคลื่นklʉ̂ʉn1wave (water/sea)2wave (physics; signal/EM)3surge; influx4broadcast frequency; radio bandFM99.0ทุกเช้าtúk-cháaoทุกเช้าtúk-cháaoevery morning
This station broadcasts news on the FM 99.0 frequency every morning.
3 more examplesShow less
รายการเพลงraai-gaan-pleengย้ายyáaiจากjàakคลื่นklʉ̂ʉnเดิมdəəmไปbpaiออกอากาศɔ̀ɔk-aa-gàatที่tîiคลื่นklʉ̂ʉn101.5แล้วlɛ́ɛo
The music program has moved from its old frequency to broadcast on 101.5.
ในnaiพื้นที่ห่างไกลpʉ́ʉn-tîi-hàang-glaiคลื่นวิทยุklʉ̂ʉn-wít-tá-yúบางbaangช่วงchûuangสัญญาณsǎn-yaanชัดchátกว่าgwàaโทรศัพท์มือถือtoo-rá-sàp-mʉʉ-tʉ̌ʉ
In remote areas, certain radio bands have clearer signals than mobile phones.
ผู้ฟังpûu-fangต้องdtɔ̂ngปรับbpràpเครื่องรับkrʉ̂ʉang-rápให้hâiตรงกับdtrong-gàpคลื่นklʉ̂ʉnที่tîiสถานีทดลองsà-tǎa-nii-tót-lɔɔngออกอากาศɔ̀ɔk-aa-gàatเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaรับสัญญาณráp-sǎn-yaanได้dâai
Listeners must tune their receivers to the frequency on which the station is testing in order to receive the signal.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow classConsonant clusterIn the cluster คล, the first consonant ค sets the class.
- Tone markMai ek
- Syllable endingLive syllableNot needed here: the tone mark decides.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
Falling tone
klʉ̂ʉn
Starts high, rises a little, then drops clearly.
Low class + Mai ek → Falling
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |