อุ้ม
ûmMeanings
1VerbA2
[to] carry in the arms
To hold and carry a person or thing in one’s arms, typically close to the chest.
Examples
พ่อpɔ̂ɔพ่อpɔ̂ɔ1father; dad2sir; mister (rural/archaic)3prefix: male person; leader; father figureอุ้มûmอุ้มûm1[to] carry in the arms2[to] support; prop up3[to] abduct (enforced disappearance)ลูกlûukลูกlûuk1child; son; daughter2offspring (of animals); young3ball; spherical object4fruit5classifier: fruits, balls, and certain other objectsเดินเล่นdəən-lênเดินเล่นdəən-lên[to] stroll; walk for leisure; wander aroundในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)สวนsǔuanสวนsǔuan1garden; orchard; park2classifier: gardens/orchards/plantations3[to] oppose; contradict; go against4[to] move against; counter (direction)
The father carries his child in his arms while walking in the park.
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Yesterday I carried my little brother up the stairs because he was tired.
Please carry this box to the car for me; it's very heavy.
ฝนfǒnตกแรงdtòk-rɛɛngแม่mɛ̂ɛเลยləəiอุ้มûmเด็กdèkข้ามkâamน้ำขังnáam-kǎngไม่ให้mâi-hâiรองเท้าrɔɔng-táaoเปียกbpìiak
It was raining hard, so the mother carried the child across a puddle to keep their shoes dry.
My sister gently cradles the baby so he sleeps comfortably.
เธอtəəอุ้มûmสุนัขsù-nákสูงอายุsǔung-aa-yúอย่างyàangทะนุถนอมtá-nú-tà-nɔ̌ɔmระวังrá-wangไม่ให้mâi-hâiแผลplɛ̌ɛโดนdoonกระทบgrà-tóp
She tenderly cradled the elderly dog, careful not to disturb its wound.
2VerbB2
[to] support; prop up
To back or support someone or something, sometimes in a way that is biased, artificial, or protects them from consequences.
Examples
ทีมเจ้าบ้านtiim-jâao-bâanทีมเจ้าบ้านtiim-jâao-bâanhome team (sports)ถูกtùukถูกtùuk1cheap; inexpensive2correct; right3to be correct/right4proper; morally right5[to] be affected; suffer (often adverse)6passive marker (often adverse)วิจารณ์wí-jaanวิจารณ์wí-jaan1[to] critique; [to] comment on2[to] criticize (often negatively)ว่าwâaว่าwâa1[to] say; tell2that (clause marker)3[to] think; consider; deem4[to] scold; reproach; criticizeถูกtùukถูกtùuk1cheap; inexpensive2correct; right3to be correct/right4proper; morally right5[to] be affected; suffer (often adverse)6passive marker (often adverse)ผู้pûuผู้pûu1person; one who … (agentive prefix)2person; people (as a standalone noun in formal/register-bound uses)ตัดสินอุ้มdtàt-sǐn-ûmตัดสินอุ้มdtàt-sǐn-ûm[to] make a biased ruling to favor [sb]จนjonจนjon1poor2until; up to3so ... that; to the point ofเอาชนะao-chá-náเอาชนะao-chá-ná1[to] defeat; beat; prevail (over an opponent)2[to] overcome; surmount (a problem/feeling)ได้dâaiได้dâai1okay; sure; agreed2[to] get; obtain; receive3can; [to] be able to; may4[to] manage to; succeed in5actualized-action marker
The home team was criticized for being backed by the referee to the point that they won.
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บริษัทbɔɔ-rí-sàtถูกtùukกล่าวหาglàao-hǎaว่าwâaอุ้มûmกิจการgìt-jà-gaanลูกน้องlûuk-nɔ́ɔngที่tîiขาดทุนkàat-tunไม่ให้mâi-hâiล้มlóm
The company was accused of propping up a subordinate business that was losing money to prevent it from failing.
นโยบายná-yoo-baaiนี้níiดูเหมือนduu-mʉ̌ʉanจะjàอุ้มûmกลุ่มทุนglùm-tunรายใหญ่raai-yàiมากกว่าmâak-gwàaจะjàช่วยchûuaiผู้ประกอบการpûu-bprà-gɔ̀ɔp-gaanรายย่อยraai-yɔ̂i
This policy seems to support big capital groups rather than helping small entrepreneurs.
การgaanอุ้มûmธนาคารtá-naa-kaanที่tîiบริหารbɔɔ-rí-hǎanผิดพลาดpìt-plâatทำให้เกิดtam-hâi-gə̀ətปัญหาbpan-hǎaศีลธรรมsǐin-lá-tamและlɛ́บิดเบือนbìt-bʉʉanกลไกตลาดgon-gai-dtà-làat
Propping up banks that mismanaged creates moral hazard and distorts market mechanisms.
3VerbC1
[to] abduct (enforced disappearance)
To secretly seize and take someone away, especially by authorities or criminal groups (colloquial/political usage).
Examples
นักกิจกรรมnák-gìt-jà-gamนักกิจกรรมnák-gìt-jà-gamactivistคนหนึ่งkon-nʉ̀ngคนหนึ่งkon-nʉ̀ng1one person2a person; someoneถูกtùukถูกtùuk1cheap; inexpensive2correct; right3to be correct/right4proper; morally right5[to] be affected; suffer (often adverse)6passive marker (often adverse)อุ้มûmอุ้มûm1[to] carry in the arms2[to] support; prop up3[to] abduct (enforced disappearance)กลางดึกglaang-dʉ̀kกลางดึกglaang-dʉ̀k1the middle of the night2late at night; in the small hoursและlɛ́และlɛ́and (coordinating)หายตัวไปhǎai-dtuua-bpaiหายตัวไปhǎai-dtuua-bpai[to] disappear; [to] go missingหลายlǎaiหลายlǎaimany; severalวันwanวันwan1day2daytime; daylight3classifier: days
An activist was abducted in the middle of the night and disappeared for several days.
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สื่อsʉ̀ʉรายงานraai-ngaanว่าwâaผู้เห็นเหตุการณ์pûu-hěn-hèet-gaanเล่าlâoว่าwâaมีmiiรถตู้rót-dtûuมืดmʉ̂ʉtมาmaaจอดjɔ̀ɔtก่อนgɔ̀ɔnชายchaaiชุดchútดำdamจะjàอุ้มûmเขาkǎoขึ้นรถkʉ̂n-rót
Media reported that witnesses said a dark van pulled up before men in black abducted him into the vehicle.
ครอบครัวkrɔ̂ɔp-kruuaเรียกร้องrîiak-rɔ́ɔngความยุติธรรมkwaam-yú-dtì-tamหลังlǎngเชื่อว่าchʉ̂ʉa-wâaญาติyâatถูกtùukอุ้มûmโดยdooiกลุ่มglùmที่tîiมีอำนาจmii-am-nâatและlɛ́ไร้ráiร่องรอยrɔ̂ng-rɔɔiทางกฎหมายtaang-gòt-mǎai
The family demands justice, believing their relative was abducted by a powerful group with no legal trace.
กรณีgɔɔ-rá-niiถูกtùukอุ้มûmสะท้อนsà-tɔ́ɔnบรรยากาศban-yaa-gàatหวาดกลัวwàat-gluuaและlɛ́การใช้gaan-cháiอำนาจam-nâatนอกระบบnɔ̂ɔk-rá-bòpซึ่งsʉ̂ngทำให้tam-hâiสังคมsǎng-komตั้งคำถามdtâng-kam-tǎamต่อdtɔ̀ɔกระบวนการยุติธรรมgrà-buuan-gaan-yú-dtì-tam
The abduction case reflects a climate of fear and extrajudicial power, prompting society to question the justice system.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markMai tho
- Syllable endingLive syllableNot needed here: the tone mark decides.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Falling tone
ûm
Starts high, rises a little, then drops clearly.
Mid class + Mai tho → Falling
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |