นอกระบบ
nɔ̂ɔk-rá-bòpMeaning
1AdjectiveB2
unofficial; outside the system
describes something that is unofficial, informal, or operates outside of a formal or official system (such as the informal economy or unregulated services).
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillจำเป็นต้องjam-bpen-dtɔ̂ngจำเป็นต้องjam-bpen-dtɔ̂ng[to] have to; must; be required toกู้เงินgûu-ngənกู้เงินgûu-ngən[to] borrow moneyนอกระบบnɔ̂ɔk-rá-bòpนอกระบบnɔ̂ɔk-rá-bòpunofficial; outside the systemเพราะprɔ́เพราะprɔ́1because2because of; due to3melodious; pleasant-soundingเครดิตkree-dìtเครดิตkree-dìt1credit (financial trust)2credit (acknowledgment)3credit (course unit)4[to] credit (an account)5credit (accounting entry)ไม่ดีmâi-diiไม่ดีmâi-dii1not good; bad; poor (quality/condition)2improper; immoral3not well; unwell; not okay4badly; poorly
He had to get an informal loan because his credit was bad.
3 more examplesShow less
คนขับkon-kàpรถส่งของrót-sòng-kɔ̌ɔngหลายคนlǎai-konทำงานtam-ngaanเป็นbpenอาชีพอิสระaa-chîip-ìt-sà-ràซึ่งsʉ̂ngถือเป็นtʉ̌ʉ-bpenแรงงานrɛɛng-ngaanนอกระบบnɔ̂ɔk-rá-bòp
Many delivery drivers work as freelancers, which is considered part of the informal workforce.
ปัญหาbpan-hǎaหนี้นอกระบบnîi-nɔ̂ɔk-rá-bòpเป็นbpenปัญหาbpan-hǎaเชิงโครงสร้างchəəng-kroong-sâangที่tîiส่งผลกระทบต่อsòng-pǒn-grà-tóp-dtɔ̀ɔคนจนkon-jonในเมืองnai-mʉʉangจำนวนมากjam-nuuan-mâak
The problem of informal debt is a structural issue that affects many of the urban poor.
แม้ว่าmɛ́ɛ-wâaการศึกษาgaan-sʉ̀k-sǎaในnaiระบบrá-bòpจะมีjà-miiความสำคัญkwaam-sǎm-kanแต่dtɛ̀ɛการเรียนรู้gaan-riian-rúuนอกระบบnɔ̂ɔk-rá-bòpก็gɔ̂ช่วยchûuaiพัฒนาpát-tá-naaทักษะták-sàชีวิตchii-wítได้dâaiเช่นกันchên-gan
Although formal education is important, informal learning can also help develop life skills.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
3 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingDead syllableLong vowelEnds in -ก, a stop, so it is dead.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
Falling tone
nɔ̂ɔk
Starts high, rises a little, then drops clearly.
Low class + No tone mark + Dead syllable · Long vowel → Falling
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |
Word Breakdown
นอกnɔ̂ɔkนอกnɔ̂ɔk1outside; outer; external2outside; outdoors3except; other than4foreign; external; outsideoutside; outer; externalPart 1
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นอกระบบnɔ̂ɔk-rá-bòpนอกระบบnɔ̂ɔk-rá-bòpunofficial; outside the systemunofficial; outside the systemWord