การอุด
gaan-ùtMeanings
1NounB1
plugging; sealing; blocking
The act of closing or blocking a hole, gap, or opening, usually with material or an object, to prevent passage or leakage.
Examples
หลังlǎngหลังlǎng1back (of body)2rear; back (part)3behind; at the back of4after; later than5CL: bed; bed-like platform6CL: building; house; structureการอุดgaan-ùtการอุดgaan-ùt1plugging; sealing; blocking2filling a tooth3closing loopholes; addressing vulnerabilitiesรูruuรูruu1hole; opening2burrow; animal hole3orifice; bodily openingบนbonบนbon1on; upon; in; above2upper; top3[to] vow (at a shrine)หลังคาlǎng-kaaหลังคาlǎng-kaaroofน้ำฝนnáam-fǒnน้ำฝนnáam-fǒnrainwaterก็gɔ̂ก็gɔ̂1also; too2then; so (sequence/result)3conditional marker (if… then…)4well; after all (emphasis/justification)5topic/resumption markerไม่mâiไม่mâi1not (negator)2no (reply)รั่วrûuaรั่วrûua1leaky; not watertight2[to] leak (liquid/gas)3[to] leak (information)4insecure; prone to leaks (figurative)เข้าบ้านkâo-bâanเข้าบ้านkâo-bâan[to] enter the house; [to] come into the houseแล้วlɛ́ɛoแล้วlɛ́ɛo1already; now (as of this point)2then; and then; after that3already; completed-action marker4and; and then (linking clauses)
After the hole in the roof was sealed, rainwater no longer leaked into the house.
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ช่างchâangใช้cháiซิลิโคนsí-lí-koonในnaiการgaanอุดรอยù-drɔɔiต่อdtɔ̀ɔรอบหน้าrɔ̂ɔp-nâaต่างdtàangเพื่อไม่ให้pʉ̂ʉa-mâi-hâiน้ำฝนnáam-fǒnซึมsʉmเข้ามาkâo-maa
The repair worker used silicone to seal the joints around the window so rainwater would not seep in.
การอุดgaan-ùtรอยแตกrɔɔi-dtɛ̀ɛkของkɔ̌ɔngท่อน้ำtɔ̂ɔ-náamช่วยchûuaiหยุดyùtน้ำรั่วnáam-rûuaได้dâaiชั่วคราวchûua-kraaoแต่dtɛ̀ɛเราraoยังyangต้องdtɔ̂ngเปลี่ยนbplìianท่อtɔ̂ɔใหม่mài
Sealing the crack in the water pipe temporarily stopped the leak, but we still need to replace the pipe.
ก่อนgɔ̀ɔnเริ่มrə̂əmการอุดgaan-ùtรอยรั่วrɔɔi-rûuaบนbonถังน้ำtǎng-náamช่างchâangต้องdtɔ̂ngทำความสะอาดtam-kwaam-sà-àatและlɛ́เช็ดพื้นchét-pʉ́ʉnผิวpǐuให้hâiแห้งhɛ̂ɛngเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiวัสดุwát-sà-dùยึดติดyʉ́t-dtìtได้dâaiแน่นnɛ̂nและlɛ́ไม่mâiหลุดlùtออกɔ̀ɔkในภายหลังnai-paai-lǎng
Before sealing the leak in the water tank, the repair worker must clean and dry the surface so the material adheres firmly and does not come off later.
2NounB1
filling a tooth
The dental procedure of filling a cavity or damaged part of a tooth with a suitable material.
Examples
หมอmɔ̌ɔหมอmɔ̌ɔ1doctor; physician2veterinarian3expert; specialist (informal)4traditional healer; shamanบอกว่าbɔ̀ɔk-wâaบอกว่าbɔ̀ɔk-wâa[to] say/tell that; report/declare thatฟันผุfan-pùฟันผุfan-pùtooth decay; dental caries; cavityซี่sîiซี่sîi1tooth (of a comb, zipper, gear, saw, etc.)2spoke (of a wheel)3slat; thin bar; rib (of a structure)นี้níiนี้níi1this2this oneรักษาrák-sǎaรักษาrák-sǎa1[to] treat; cure2[to] preserve; maintain; keep3[to] guard; look after; protect4[to] keep (a promise/law); observe5[to] hold (a position); serve asได้dâaiได้dâai1okay; sure; agreed2[to] get; obtain; receive3can; [to] be able to; may4[to] manage to; succeed in5actualized-action markerด้วยdûuaiด้วยdûuai1with; together with2also; too; as well3by; by means of; using4because of; due to5because; since (formal/literary)6request particle; please; tooการอุดgaan-ùtการอุดgaan-ùt1plugging; sealing; blocking2filling a tooth3closing loopholes; addressing vulnerabilitiesฟันfanฟันfan1tooth; teeth2gear tooth; cog3[to] slash; chop; hack4[to] cut; deduct (informal)5[to] overcharge [sb]; [to] rip off (slang)6[to] rake in money; make a large profit (slang)7[to] have sex (slang)
The dentist said this decayed tooth could be treated with a filling.
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ฉันchǎnเลือกlʉ̂ʉakการอุดgaan-ùtฟันfanด้วยdûuaiวัสดุwát-sà-dùสีเหมือนฟันsǐi-mʉ̌ʉan-fanเพราะprɔ́ไม่mâiอยากyàakให้เห็นhâi-hěnรอยrɔɔiอุดùtเวลาwee-laaยิ้มyím
I chose a tooth-colored filling because I did not want it to show when I smiled.
หลังlăngการอุดgaan ùtฟันfanฉันchănยังyangรู้สึกrúu-sèukเสียวฟันsĭiao fanเล็กน้อยlék nóiแต่dtàeหมอmŏrบอกว่าbòk wâaอาการaa-gaanจะjàค่อยkôiๆ-ดีขึ้นdee kêun
After getting the filling, my tooth was still a little sensitive, but the dentist said it would gradually improve.
หากhàakฟันผุfan-pùยังyangไม่mâiลึกlʉ́kถึงtʉ̌ngโพรงproongประสาทbprà-sàatฟันfanการอุดgaan-ùtฟันfanอาจàatเพียงพอpiiang-pɔɔที่จะtîi-jàทำให้tam-hâiฟันfanกลับมาglàp-maaใช้งานได้chái-ngaan-dâaiตามปกติdtaam-bpòk-gà-dtìโดยdooiไม่ต้องmâi-dtɔ̂ngรักษารากฟันrák-sǎa-râak-fan
If the decay has not reached the pulp chamber, a filling may be enough to restore the tooth's function without root canal treatment.
3NounB2
closing loopholes; addressing vulnerabilities
The act of eliminating loopholes, gaps, or weaknesses in rules, systems, or arrangements. This is a figurative use.
Examples
การอุดgaan-ùtการอุดgaan-ùt1plugging; sealing; blocking2filling a tooth3closing loopholes; addressing vulnerabilitiesช่องโหว่chɔ̂ng-wòoช่องโหว่chɔ̂ng-wòoloophole; vulnerability; weak spotของkɔ̌ɔngของkɔ̌ɔng1of; belonging to2thing; item; stuffกฎgòtกฎgòt1rule; regulation2law (scientific/natural); principleช่วยchûuaiช่วยchûuai1[to] help; assist [sb/sth]2please (request marker)3[to] save; rescue [sb]ป้องกันbpɔ̂ng-ganป้องกันbpɔ̂ng-gan1[to] protect; guard2[to] prevent; avert; ward off3preventive; protectiveไม่ให้mâi-hâiไม่ให้mâi-hâi1[to] not give; withhold; refuse to give2[to] not allow; not let; forbid3so that not; in order to preventผู้สมัครpûu-sà-màkผู้สมัครpûu-sà-màk1applicant; entrant2candidate (esp. election)คนเดียวkon-diiaoคนเดียวkon-diiao1alone; by oneself; unaccompanied2only one person; soleลงทะเบียนlong-tá-biianลงทะเบียนlong-tá-biian1[to] register; enroll; sign up2registration (process/event)3registered (mail)หลายlǎaiหลายlǎai1many; several2very; very much; a lot (Isan)ครั้งkrángครั้งkráng1time; occasion; instance2classifier for occurrences or times
Closing the loophole in the rules helps prevent a single applicant from registering multiple times.
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หลังlǎngการอุดgaan-ùtช่องโหว่chɔ̂ng-wòoในระบบnai-rá-bòpผู้ใช้pûu-cháiก็gɔ̂ไม่สามารถmâi-sǎa-mâatใช้cháiคูปองkuu-bpɔɔngเดิมdəəmซ้ำsámได้dâaiอีกìik
After the loophole in the system was closed, users could no longer reuse the same coupon.
การอุดgaan-ùtช่องโหว่chɔ̂ng-wòoทางกฎหมายtaang-gòt-mǎaiจะได้jà-dâaiผลpǒnก็ต่อเมื่อgɔ̂-dtɔ̀ɔ-mʉ̂ʉaมาตรการmâat-dtrà-gaanใหม่màiครอบคลุมkrɔ̂ɔp-klumวิธีwí-tiiหลีกเลี่ยงlìik-lîiangภาษีpaa-sǐiที่tîiบริษัทbɔɔ-rí-sàtใช้cháiจริงjingไม่ใช่mâi-châiเพียงpiiangเพิ่มpə̂əmบทลงโทษbòt-long-tôot
Closing legal loopholes will only be effective if the new measures address the tax avoidance methods companies actually use, rather than merely increasing penalties.
แม้mɛ́ɛการอุดgaan-ùtช่องโหว่chɔ̂ng-wòoในระบบnai-rá-bòpจัดซื้อjàt-sʉ́ʉจะjàช่วยchûuaiลดlótการทุจริตgaan-tút-jà-rìtแต่dtɛ̀ɛหากhàakขาดkàatการตรวจสอบgaan-dtrùuat-sɔ̀ɔpอย่างต่อเนื่องyàang-dtɔ̀ɔ-nʉ̂ʉangปัญหาbpan-hǎaก็gɔ̂อาจàatกลับมาglàp-maaอีกìik
Although closing loopholes in the procurement system helps reduce corruption, the problem may return without ongoing oversight.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ร, a sonorant, so it is live.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Mid tone
gaan
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Mid class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |
Word Breakdown
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การอุดgaan-ùtการอุดgaan-ùtplugging; sealing; blockingplugging; sealing; blockingWord