ซึม
sʉmMeanings
1VerbB1
soak in; permeate
to be absorbed into or pass slowly through a material
Examples
น้ำnáamน้ำnáam1water2liquid; fluid3juice; extract4sauce; broth5bodily fluid (in compounds)เริ่มrêrmเริ่มrêrm1[to] start; begin2[to] start to; begin toซึมเข้าไปseum kâo bpaiซึมเข้าไปseum kâo bpai[to] seep into; [to] be absorbed intoในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)ผ้าpâaผ้าpâa1cloth; fabric; textile2cloth item3classifier: ผืน (pieces of cloth); ม้วน (rolls); พับ (bolts)อย่างyàangอย่างyàang1kind; type; sort2manner; way3classifier (for kinds/types)4in the manner of; -lyช้าcháaช้าcháa1slow2slowly3late; delayed4[to] be slow; be lateๆ-
Water slowly soaks into the cloth.
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The paint seeps into the wood, making the grain stand out.
ฝนตกfǒn-dtòkนานnaanจนjonความชื้นkwaam-chʉ́ʉnซึมผ่านsʉm-pàanกำแพงปูนgam-pɛɛng-bpuunเข้ามาkâo-maaในบ้านnai-bâan
The prolonged rain caused moisture to seep through the concrete wall into the house.
สารละลายsăan-lá-laaiจะjàซึมผ่านseum pàanเยื่อyêuuaเมมเบรนmem-braynได้ดีdâai deeเมื่อmêuuaมีmeeความต่างkwaam dtàangความเข้มข้นkwaam kêm kôn
The solution will permeate the membrane well when there is a concentration gradient.
2VerbB1
ooze; seep; leak
to flow or escape slowly in drops or small amounts
Examples
น้ำnáamน้ำnáam1water2liquid; fluid3juice; extract4sauce; broth5bodily fluid (in compounds)เริ่มrə̂əmเริ่มrə̂əm1[to] start; begin2[to] start to; begin toซึมsʉmซึมsʉm1soak in; permeate2ooze; seep; leak3listless; dull; depressedออกจากɔ̀ɔk-jàakออกจากɔ̀ɔk-jàak1[to] leave; exit; depart from2from; out of (after a verb)ฝาขวดfǎa-kùuatฝาขวดfǎa-kùuatbottle cap; bottle lidที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerปิดbpìtปิดbpìt1[to] close; shut2[to] turn off; switch off3closed; shut; not open4[to] cover; seal5[to] block; conceal; suppress; withholdไม่แน่นmâi-nɛ̂nไม่แน่นmâi-nɛ̂n1loose; not tight2not crowded
Water starts to seep from the bottle cap that isn't tightly closed.
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Blood oozed out along a small scratch on the skin.
เหงื่อngèuuaซึมseumตามdtaamไรผมrai pŏmอย่างช้าๆyàang cháa cháaระหว่างที่rá-wàang têeเขาkăoวิ่งมาราธอนwîng maa-raa-ton
Sweat slowly seeped along his hairline while he ran the marathon.
3AdjectiveB2
listless; dull; depressed
lacking energy or cheer; appearing low or downcast in mood
Examples
หลังlǎngหลังlǎng1back (of body)2rear; back (part)3behind; at the back of4after; later than5CL: building; house; structureสอบตกsɔ̀ɔp-dtòkสอบตกsɔ̀ɔp-dtòk1[to] fail (an exam/test); not pass2[to] fail to meet expectations/standards (figurative)เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillดูduuดูduu1[to] look; watch; see2[to] examine; check; inspect3[to] seem; appear4try; have a go5[to] divine; tell fortuneซึมsʉmซึมsʉm1soak in; permeate2ooze; seep; leak3listless; dull; depressedทั้งวันtáng-wanทั้งวันtáng-wanall day; the whole dayไม่ค่อยmâi-kɔ̂iไม่ค่อยmâi-kɔ̂i1rarely; seldom; not often2not very; hardly (degree)พูดpûutพูดpûut1[to] speak; talk2[to] say; speak3[to] tell; talk aboutกับgàpกับgàp1with; together with2and (informal)3side dish; accompaniment4against; versus5to; toward (recipient/target)6classifier: sets/pairs (spoon and fork)ใครkraiใครkrai1who2anyone; whoever
After failing the exam, he looked down all day and hardly talked to anyone.
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ช่วงนี้chûuang néeเธอterทำงานหนักtam ngaan nàkเลยloieดูdooซึมseumๆ-เหมือนmĕuuanไม่ค่อยmâi kôiมีmeeแรงใจraeng jai
Lately she’s been working hard, so she looks low, like she doesn’t have much spirit.
พอpɔɔทีมtiimแพ้pɛ́ɛติดกันdtìt-ganหลายlǎaiนัดnátบรรยากาศban-yaa-gàatในnaiห้องแต่งตัวhɔ̂ng-dtɛ̀ng-dtuuaก็gɔ̂ซึมsʉmลงlongอย่างเห็นได้ชัดyàang-hěn-dâai-chát
After the team lost several matches in a row, the mood in the locker room noticeably turned gloomy.
เขาkǎoยิ้มyímก็จริงgɔ̂-jingแต่dtɛ̀ɛแววตาwɛɛo-dtaaยังyangซึมsʉmเหมือนmʉ̌ʉanยังyangไม่mâiหลุดlùtจากjàakความผิดหวังkwaam-pìt-wǎng
He did smile, but his eyes were still downcast, as if he hadn’t shaken off the disappointment.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ม, a sonorant, so it is live.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
Mid tone
sʉm
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Low class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |