สังขาร
sǎng-kǎanMeanings
1NounB2
the body; physical condition
The body or physical condition of a person, especially seen as aging, decaying, and subject to change.
Examples
แม้mɛ́ɛแม้mɛ́ɛ1even if; although; even though2evenเขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillยังyangยังyang1still; continuing2not yet (with ไม่)3yet? (question use)4still/even (emphatic degree)5to; towardทำงานtam-ngaanทำงานtam-ngaan1[to] work; do one's job; be on duty2[to] function; operateไหวwǎiไหวwǎi1[to] be able to; manage to2[to] shake; tremble; quiverแต่dtɛ̀ɛแต่dtɛ̀ɛ1but; however (contrast)2only; just (restriction)3from; since (starting point)สังขารsǎng-kǎanสังขารsǎng-kǎan1the body; physical condition2conditioned phenomena (Buddhist)ก็gɔ̂ก็gɔ̂1also; too2then; so (sequence/result)3conditional marker (if… then…)4well; after all (emphasis/justification)5topic/resumption markerเริ่มrə̂əmเริ่มrə̂əm1[to] start; begin2[to] start to; begin toเตือนdtʉʉanเตือนdtʉʉan1[to] remind2[to] warn3[to] caution; admonishด้วยdûuaiด้วยdûuai1with; together with2also; too; as well3by; by means of; using4because of; due to5because; since (formal/literary)6request particle; please; tooอาการปวดaa-gaan-bpùuatอาการปวดaa-gaan-bpùuatpain; acheเข่าkàoเข่าkàoknee
Although he can still work, his physical condition has begun to warn him with knee pain.
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เธอtəəยอมรับyɔɔm-rápว่าwâaสังขารsǎng-kǎanเปลี่ยนไปbplìian-bpaiจึงjʉngปรับbpràpการออกกำลังกายgaan-ɔ̀ɔk-gam-lang-gaaiให้hâiเบาลงbao-long
She admits that her body has changed, so she adjusted her exercise to be lighter.
เมื่อmʉ̂ʉaอายุaa-yúเพิ่มขึ้นpə̂əm-kʉ̂nเราraoต้องdtɔ̂ngดูแลduu-lɛɛสังขารsǎng-kǎanให้ดีhâi-diiทั้งtángเรื่องrʉ̂ʉangอาหารaa-hǎanการนอนgaan-nɔɔnและlɛ́การตรวจสุขภาพgaan-dtrùuat-sùk-kà-pâap
As we age, we must take good care of our physical condition, including diet, sleep, and health checkups.
เขาkǎoพูดpûutอย่างyàangถ่อมตนtɔ̀ɔm-dtonว่าwâaสังขารsǎng-kǎanโรยราrooi-raaเป็นธรรมดาbpen-tam-má-daaจึงjʉngเน้นnénรักษาrák-sǎaความแข็งแรงkwaam-kɛ̌ng-rɛɛngเท่าที่tâo-tîiทำได้tam-dâai
He humbly said that the body's decline is natural, so he focuses on maintaining strength as much as possible.
2NounC2
conditioned phenomena (Buddhist)
In Buddhism, conditioned phenomena; things formed by causes and conditions, and thus impermanent and changeable.
Examples
พระอาจารย์prá-aa-jaanพระอาจารย์prá-aa-jaanVenerable teacher (Buddhist monk)อธิบายà-tí-baaiอธิบายà-tí-baai[to] explain; clarifyว่าwâaว่าwâa1[to] say; tell2that (clause marker)3[to] think; consider; deem4[to] scold; reproach; criticizeสังขารsǎng-kǎanสังขารsǎng-kǎan1the body; physical condition2conditioned phenomena (Buddhist)คือkʉʉคือkʉʉ1to be (definition/identification)2namely; that is; i.e.สิ่งที่sìng-tîiสิ่งที่sìng-tîithe thing that; whatเกิดจากgə̀ət-jàakเกิดจากgə̀ət-jàak1[to] result from [sth]; be caused by [sth]; arise from [sth]2[to] be formed from; originate from; be produced byเหตุปัจจัยhèet-bpàt-jaiเหตุปัจจัยhèet-bpàt-jaicauses and factorsและlɛ́และlɛ́and (coordinating)ย่อมyɔ̂mย่อมyɔ̂m1small; modest-sized2naturally; as expectedแปรไปbprɛɛ-bpaiแปรไปbprɛɛ-bpai[to] change; alterตามdtaamตามdtaam1[to] follow; go after2according to; in accordance with3after; behind; in pursuit of4[to] comply with; abide by; obey5along; along (a path); following (direction)6[to] send for; fetch [sb]7[to] light; kindle (literary)เงื่อนไขngʉ̂ʉan-kǎiเงื่อนไขngʉ̂ʉan-kǎi1condition; requirement2terms; provisions3constraint; limitationไม่ควรmâi-kuuanไม่ควรmâi-kuuan1should not; ought not2inappropriate; improperยึดติดyʉ́t-dtìtยึดติดyʉ́t-dtìt1[to] stick; adhere (to [sth])2stuck; adherent3[to] cling to; be fixated on
The monk explained that sankhara are things formed by causes and conditions and inevitably change according to circumstances; we should not cling to them.
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ในทางnai-taangพุทธpútสังขารsǎng-kǎanถูกtùukมองว่าmɔɔng-wâaเป็นbpenกระบวนการgrà-buuan-gaanปรุงแต่งbprung-dtɛ̀ngที่tîiไม่มีmâi-miiแก่นแท้gɛ̀n-tɛ́ɛเทียบtîiapได้dâaiกับgàpคลื่นklʉ̂ʉnที่tîiเกิดจากgə̀ət-jàakปัจจัยbpàt-jaiหลายอย่างlǎai-yàangแล้วก็lɛ́ɛo-gɔ̂สลายไปsà-lǎai-bpai
In Buddhism, sankhara are seen as conditioning processes without essence, comparable to waves formed by many factors and then dissolving.
การพิจารณาgaan-pí-jaa-rá-naaสังขารsǎng-kǎanอย่างyàangแยบคายyɛ̂ɛp-kaaiช่วยให้chûuai-hâiเห็นhěnความไม่เที่ยงkwaam-mâi-tîiangและlɛ́ไม่ใช่mâi-châiตัวตนdtuua-dtonจนใจjon-jaiคลายklaaiความยึดมั่นถือมั่นkwaam-yʉ́t-mân-tʉ̌ʉ-mân
Contemplating sankhara skillfully reveals impermanence and non-self, allowing the mind to loosen its attachments.
เมื่อmʉ̂ʉaเข้าใจว่าkâo-jai-wâaสังขารsǎng-kǎanทั้งปวงtáng-bpuuangเป็นbpenอนิจจังà-nít-jangดังdangฟองอากาศfɔɔng-aa-gàatในnaiธารน้ำtaan-náamเราraoจึงjʉngวางเฉยwaang-chə̌əiต่อdtɔ̀ɔความkwaamปรุงแต่งbprung-dtɛ̀ngและlɛ́ดำเนินชีวิตdam-nəən-chii-wítด้วยdûuaiเมตตาmêet-dtaaอย่างyàangไม่mâiเงื่อนไขngʉ̂ʉan-kǎi
When we understand that all conditioned phenomena are impermanent like bubbles in a stream, we become equanimous toward fabrications and live with unconditional compassion.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classHigh class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ง, a sonorant, so it is live.
High class consonants
ขฃฉฐถผฝศษสห
Result
Rising tone
sǎng
Dips low first, then rises clearly.
High class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Rising
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |