ซุ้ม
súmMeanings
1NounA2
arch; canopy
a decorative arch or canopy structure, often used for ceremonies, entrances, or photo spots
Examples
หน้าnâaหน้าnâa1face2front; frontage3page4next; upcoming5in front; at the front6season; time of year7topping (food)ทางเข้าtaang-kâoทางเข้าtaang-kâoentrance; entrywayงานngaanงานngaan1work; job; employment2task; assignment; duty3event; fair; function4work (product); creation5unit (classifier) for events6work (physics)มีmiiมีmii1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoซุ้มsúmซุ้มsúm1arch; canopy2booth; stall3pavilion; shelter4bower; arching foliage5shaded trellisดอกไม้dɔ̀ɔk-máaiดอกไม้dɔ̀ɔk-máaiflower; flowersสวยมากsǔuai-mâakสวยมากsǔuai-mâakvery beautiful; gorgeous
There is a very beautiful floral arch at the entrance of the event.
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พรุ่งนี้prûng-níiเขาkǎoจะjàตั้งdtângซุ้มsúmที่ประตูtîi-bprà-dtuuโรงเรียนroong-riianสำหรับsǎm-ràpพิธีไหว้ครูpí-tii-wâi-kruu
Tomorrow they will set up an arch at the school gate for the Teacher Appreciation Ceremony.
เจ้าภาพjâo-pâapออกแบบɔ̀ɔk-bɛ̀ɛpซุ้มsúmทางเข้าtaang-kâoงานแต่งngaan-dtɛ̀ngให้hâiมีmiiลายไทยlaai-taiและlɛ́ไฟประดับfai-bprà-dàpเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiแขกkɛ̀ɛkหยุดyùtถ่ายรูปtàai-rûup
The hosts designed the wedding entrance arch with Thai motifs and lights so guests would stop to take photos.
2NounA2
booth; stall
a small stand or stall for selling or displaying goods at a market or fair
Examples
ตลาดเช้าdtà-làat-cháoตลาดเช้าdtà-làat-cháomorning marketมีmiiมีmii1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoซุ้มsúmซุ้มsúm1arch; canopy2booth; stall3pavilion; shelter4bower; arching foliage5shaded trellisขายkǎaiขายkǎai1[to] sell [sth]2for sale; for purchase3[to] sell oneself; prostitute oneselfน้ำเต้าหู้náam-dtâo-hûuน้ำเต้าหู้náam-dtâo-hûusoy milk (Thai style)อยู่yùuอยู่yùu1[to] live; reside; stay2to be (located); be at3progressive/continuative marker4to exist; remainหน้าnâaหน้าnâa1face2front; frontage3page4next; upcoming5in front; at the front6season; time of year7topping (food)ทางเข้าtaang-kâoทางเข้าtaang-kâoentrance; entryway
The morning market has a stall selling soy milk at the entrance.
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เมื่อวานmʉ̂ʉa-waanฉันchǎnแวะwɛ́ซุ้มsúmของkɔ̌ɔngชาวบ้านchaao-bâanเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaซื้อsʉ́ʉขนมkà-nǒmพื้นบ้านpʉ́ʉn-bâan
Yesterday I stopped by a local stall to buy traditional snacks.
Tomorrow they will set up a stall selling handicrafts at the temple fair.
ในnaiงานngaanมหกรรมอาหารmá-hà-gam-aa-hǎanซุ้มsúmของkɔ̌ɔngร้านนี้ráan-níiจัดแสดงjàt-sà-dɛɛngเมนูเด่นmee-nuu-dèenไว้wáiหน้าร้านnâa-ráanดึงดูดdʉng-dùutลูกค้าlûuk-káaมากmâak
At the food festival, this vendor's stall displays its signature dishes at the front, attracting many customers.
3NounB1
pavilion; shelter
a small roofed structure or shelter, sometimes freestanding in a garden or public place
Examples
เราraoเราrao1we; us2I; me (informal/regional)นั่งพักnâng pákนั่งพักnâng pák[to] sit and restในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)ซุ้มsúmซุ้มsúm1arch; canopy2booth; stall3pavilion; shelter4bower; arching foliage5shaded trellisเล็กlékเล็กlék1small; little2young; younger; youngest3minor; slightๆ-ที่têeที่têe1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerสวนหลังบ้านsŭuan lăng bâanสวนหลังบ้านsŭuan lăng bâanbackyard; back garden
We sat and rested in a small pavilion in the backyard garden.
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เมื่อวานmêuua waanฉันchănพาpaaครอบครัวkrôp kruuaไปbpaiนั่งnângกินginขนมkà-nŏmในnaiซุ้มsúmริมสระrim sàของkŏngสวนสาธารณะsŭuan săa-taa-rá-ná
Yesterday I took my family to sit and have snacks in the shelter by the pond in the public park.
เขาkǎoชอบchɔ̂ɔpอ่านหนังสือàan-nǎng-sʉ̌ʉในnaiซุ้มsúmกลางสวนglaang-sǔuanเพราะprɔ́ลมlomพัดpátเย็นyenและlɛ́คนน้อยkon-nɔ́ɔi
He likes to read in the shelter in the middle of the garden because the breeze is cool and there are few people.
ซุ้มsúmที่ตั้งtîi-dtângแยกyɛ̂ɛkจากjàakอาคารaa-kaanหลักlàkให้ร่มเงาhâi-rôm-ngaoและlɛ́ความเป็นส่วนตัวkwaam-bpen-sùuan-dtuuaจึงjʉngเหมาะmɔ̀สำหรับsǎm-ràpเป็นbpenพื้นpʉ́ʉnที่พักผ่อนtîi-pák-pɔ̀ɔnกลางสวนglaang-sǔuan
The shelter standing apart from the main building provides shade and privacy, making it suitable as a garden relaxation area.
4NounB2
bower; arching foliage
a mass of foliage or branches forming an arch or shelter-like canopy
Examples
หลังบ้านlǎng-bâanหลังบ้านlǎng-bâan1back of the house; backyard2domestic affairs; family side (figurative)3wife (figurative)4back office; behind-the-scenes operationsมีmiiมีmii1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoซุ้มsúmซุ้มsúm1arch; canopy2booth; stall3pavilion; shelter4bower; arching foliage5shaded trellisไผ่pàiไผ่pài1bamboo2Phai (given name/nickname)หนาทึบnǎa-tʉ́pหนาทึบnǎa-tʉ́pvery dense; thick; hard to see or pass throughที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerนกnókนกnók1bird2classifier for birds (ตัว)3[to] get stood up; miss out (slang)ชอบchɔ̂ɔpชอบchɔ̂ɔp1[to] like; be fond of2tend to; usually3be proper; be fitting (formal)มาmaaมาmaa1[to] come; arrive2[to] come to (a state or situation)3past/as of now aspect markerทำรังtam-rangทำรังtam-rang[to] build a nest; [to] nestในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)หน้าฝนnâa-fǒnหน้าฝนnâa-fǒn1rainy season; monsoon season2during the rainy season
Behind the house there is a dense bamboo cluster where birds like to nest in the rainy season.
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เราraoเดินdəənหลบlòpแดดdɛ̀ɛtเข้าไปในkâo-bpai-naiซุ้มsúmต้นไม้dtôn-máaiข้างทางkâang-taangซึ่งsʉ̂ngร่มเย็นrôm-yenมากmâak
We walked into the dense cluster of roadside trees to escape the sun; it was very cool.
ที่tîiเชิงเขาchəəng-kǎoมีmiiซุ้มsúmพุ่มไม้pûm-máaiขึ้นkʉ̂nแน่นnɛ̂nจนjonมองไม่เห็นmɔɔng-mâi-hěnทางเดินtaang-dəənต้องdtɔ̂ngใช้cháiมีดmîitฟันfanเปิดทางbpə̀ət-taangไปbpaiทีละนิดtii-lá-nít
At the foot of the mountain there is a dense thicket of shrubs that hides the path, so we must cut our way through bit by bit.
5NounB2
shaded trellis
an overhead trellis or vine-covered frame that forms a shaded passage or sitting area
Examples
เราraoเราrao1we; us2I; me (informal/regional)นั่งคุยกันnâng-kui-ganนั่งคุยกันnâng-kui-gan[to] sit and chat togetherใต้dtâaiใต้dtâai1under; beneath; below2south (direction)3southern region; the South4south; southern5below; underneath (adverb)6under; subject to (authority/rules)ซุ้มไม้เลื้อยsúm-máai-lʉ́ʉaiซุ้มไม้เลื้อยsúm-máai-lʉ́ʉaipergola; trellis; arborที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerสวนหลังบ้านsǔuan-lǎng-bâanสวนหลังบ้านsǔuan-lǎng-bâanbackyard; back garden
We sat and chatted under the vine-covered trellis in the backyard.
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ช่วงบ่ายchûuang-bàaiแดดdɛ̀ɛtแรงrɛɛngเราraoจึงjʉngย้ายไปyáai-bpaiอ่านหนังสือàan-nǎng-sʉ̌ʉในnaiซุ้มsúmที่tîiมีmiiเถาtǎoองุ่นà-ngùnบังแดดbang-dɛ̀ɛt
In the hot afternoon, we moved to read under the trellis shaded by grapevines.
ทางเดินtaang-dəənยาวyaaoใต้dtâaiซุ้มsúmดอกไม้dɔ̀ɔk-máaiทำให้tam-hâiลมพัดผ่านlom-pát-pàanเย็นสบายyen-sà-baaiเหมาะกับmɔ̀-gàpการนั่งgaan-nângพักpák
The long walkway under the floral trellis lets the breeze pass through, making it perfect for resting.
สถาปนิกsà-tǎa-bpà-níkออกแบบɔ̀ɔk-bɛ̀ɛpซุ้มsúmไม้ระแนงmáai-rá-nɛɛngให้hâiเถาtǎoพวงครามpuuang-kraamเลื้อยlʉ́ʉaiคลุมklumเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaสร้างsâangทางเดินtaang-dəənร่มrômครึ้มkrʉ́mจากjàakประตูbprà-dtuuถึงtʉ̌ngศาลาsǎa-laa
The architect designed a lath-wood trellis for wisteria to cover, creating a shaded passage from the gate to the pavilion.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markMai tho
- Syllable endingLive syllableNot needed here: the tone mark decides.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
High tone
súm
Starts high and keeps climbing.
Low class + Mai tho → High
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |