ลม
lomMeanings
1NounA1
wind
moving air in nature
Examples
วันนี้wan-níiวันนี้wan-níi1today (time of speech)2today; this day3nowadays; at presentลมlomลมlom1wind2gas; flatulence3air (breath); life-force (traditional)4nonsense; empty talk (fig.)พัดpátพัดpát1[to] blow; [to] fan2fan; hand fan3classifier: อัน4[to] blow; sweep; carry alongแรงrɛɛngแรงrɛɛng1strong; intense; severe2force; strength; power3hard; strongly (adverbial use)
The wind is blowing strongly today.
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The wind is very cool this morning.
Yesterday afternoon, wind from the sea blew in.
พรุ่งนี้prûng-níiนักพยากรณ์nák-pá-yaa-gɔɔnบอกว่าbɔ̀ɔk-wâaจะมีjà-miiลมlomจากjàakทิศตะวันออกเฉียงเหนือtít-dtà-wan-ɔ̀ɔk-chǐiang-nʉ̌ʉa
Tomorrow, the forecaster says there will be wind from the northeast.
พอpɔɔเปิดbpə̀ətหน้าต่างnâa-dtàangก็gɔ̂มีmiiลมlomจากjàakระเบียงrá-biiangพัดpátเข้ามาkâo-maaเย็นสบายyen-sà-baai
As soon as we opened the window, a gentle draft from the balcony flowed in pleasantly.
ในnaiรถไฟใต้ดินrót-fai-dtâai-dinมีmiiลมlomจากjàakช่องระบายอากาศchɔ̂ng-rá-baai-aa-gàatทำให้tam-hâiไม่mâiอึดอัดʉ̀t-àt
In the subway there is a draft from the vents, making it less stuffy.
ห้องประชุมhɔ̂ng-bprà-chumอับàpมากmâakจึงjʉngต้องdtɔ̂ngเปิดbpə̀ətประตูbprà-dtuuให้hâiลมlomจากjàakโถงทางเดินtǒong-taang-dəənไหลเวียนlǎi-wiian
The meeting room is very stuffy, so we need to open the door to let the corridor’s airflow circulate.
2NounB1
gas; flatulence
gas in the stomach or intestines that can cause discomfort
Examples
เมื่อวานmʉ̂ʉa-waanเมื่อวานmʉ̂ʉa-waan1yesterday (the day before today)2yesterday; yesterday (as an adverb)ฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)กินginกินgin1[to] eat2[to] drink (colloquial/with some nouns)3[to] consume; use up4[to] corrode; erode; eat into5[to] take (a bribe); pocketถั่วtùuaถั่วtùua1bean; legume2peanut (common usage)เยอะyə́เยอะyə́1many; much; a lot (of)2a lot; much (colloq.)3excessive; too muchเลยləəiเลยləəi1at all; whatsoever (often in negatives)2so; thus; then (immediate result)3completely; absolutely (emphasis)4[to] pass; go beyond; exceedมีmiiมีmii1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoลมlomลมlom1wind2gas; flatulence3air (breath); life-force (traditional)4nonsense; empty talk (fig.)ในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)ท้องtɔ́ɔngท้องtɔ́ɔng1belly; abdomen; stomach (body part); underside (of sth)2womb; mother's belly3[to] be pregnant4expanse; interior; area (in compounds)ปวดท้องbpùuat-tɔ́ɔngปวดท้องbpùuat-tɔ́ɔng[to] have a stomachache/abdominal painนิดหน่อยnít-nɔ̀iนิดหน่อยnít-nɔ̀i1a little; a bit2a small amount
Yesterday I ate a lot of beans, so I had gas in my stomach and a bit of stomachache.
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หลังlǎngดื่มdʉ̀ʉmนมnomฉันchǎnรู้สึกrúu-sʉ̀kแน่นท้องnɛ̂n-tɔ́ɔngเพราะprɔ́มีmiiลมlomเลยləəiต้องdtɔ̂ngผายลมpǎai-lomบ่อยbɔ̀i
After drinking milk, I felt bloated because of gas, so I had to pass gas often.
หมอmɔ̌ɔบอกว่าbɔ̀ɔk-wâaลองlɔɔngหลีกเลี่ยงlìik-lîiangเครื่องดื่มอัดลมkrʉ̂ʉang-dʉ̀ʉm-àt-lomสักพักsàk-pákเพราะprɔ́มันmanทำให้เกิดtam-hâi-gə̀ətลมlomในnaiลำไส้lam-sâiและlɛ́แน่นท้องnɛ̂n-tɔ́ɔng
The doctor said to avoid carbonated drinks for a while because they cause gas in the intestines and bloating.
ถ้าtâaรู้สึกrúu-sèukจุกแน่นjùk nâenจากjàakลมlomสะสมsà-sŏmการเดินgaan dernช้าcháaๆ-และláeนวดnûuatท้องtóngเบาbaoๆ-อาจàatช่วยchûuaiระบายrá-baaiลมlomและláeลดlótอาการaa-gaanไม่สบายmâi sà-baaiได้dâi
If you feel tightness from trapped gas, walking slowly and gently massaging your abdomen may help release the gas and reduce discomfort.
3NounB2
air (breath); life-force (traditional)
breath or vital air in the body; the life-sustaining air or energy in traditional/figurative use
Examples
หมอแผนไทยmɔ̌ɔ-pɛ̌ɛn-taiหมอแผนไทยmɔ̌ɔ-pɛ̌ɛn-taitraditional Thai medicine practitionerบอกว่าbɔ̀ɔk-wâaบอกว่าbɔ̀ɔk-wâa1[to] say/tell that; report/declare that2[of text/sign] say/indicate thatให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3[to] have [sb] do; cause to4for (benefit of)5so that; in order to6until; to the point that (result)ฝึกfʉ̀kฝึกfʉ̀k1[to] practice; train (oneself); exercise (a skill)2[to] train; coach (someone)3[to] drill; discipline (sb)ลมหายใจlom-hǎai-jaiลมหายใจlom-hǎai-jai1breath2life; life force (figurative)เพื่อpʉ̂ʉaเพื่อpʉ̂ʉa1for; in order to2for the sake of; on behalf ofปรับสมดุลbpràp-sǒm-dunปรับสมดุลbpràp-sǒm-dun[to] balance; rebalance; adjust balanceลมlomลมlom1wind2gas; flatulence3air (breath); life-force (traditional)4nonsense; empty talk (fig.)ในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)ร่างกายrâang-gaaiร่างกายrâang-gaaibody
The Thai traditional doctor said to practice breathing to balance the vital air in the body.
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หลังlăngวิ่งwîngเสร็จsètเขาkăoนั่งnângนิ่งๆnîng-nîngเพื่อpêuuaจับลมjàp lomให้hâiสม่ำเสมอsà-màm-sà-mĕr
After finishing the run, he sat still to steady his breath.
ครูสอนโยคะkruu-sɔ̌ɔn-yoo-káเน้นnénการควบคุมgaan-kûuap-kumลมlomให้hâiยาวyaaoและlɛ́นุ่มnûmเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaเสริมพลังsə̌əm-pá-langชีวิตchii-wít
The yoga teacher emphasizes controlling the breath to be long and gentle to enhance vital energy.
ในnaiแนวคิดnɛɛo-kítแพทย์pɛ̂ɛtแผนpɛ̌ɛnตะวันออกdtà-wan-ɔ̀ɔkลมlomเป็นbpenพลังpá-langที่tîiหล่อเลี้ยงlɔ̀ɔ-líiangอวัยวะà-wai-yá-wáและlɛ́การไหลเวียนgaan-lǎi-wiianของkɔ̌ɔngชีวิตchii-wít
In Eastern medicine concepts, wind (vital air) is the force that sustains organs and life circulation.
4NounB2
nonsense; empty talk (fig.)
words or promises lacking substance; idle talk
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillพูดpûutพูดpûut1[to] speak; talk2[to] say; speak3[to] tell; talk aboutว่าwâaว่าwâa1[to] say; tell2that (clause marker)3[to] think; consider; deem4[to] scold; reproach; criticizeจะjàจะjà1will; shall (future/intention marker)2about to; going to (near future, often w/ กำลังจะ)3will; would (in conditional results)ช่วยchûuaiช่วยchûuai1[to] help; assist [sb/sth]2please (request marker)3[to] save; rescue [sb]แต่dtɛ̀ɛแต่dtɛ̀ɛ1but; however (contrast)2only; just (restriction)3from; since (starting point)สุดท้ายsùt-táaiสุดท้ายsùt-táai1last; final2finally; in the end; ultimatelyก็gɔ̂ก็gɔ̂1also; too2then; so (sequence/result)3conditional marker (if… then…)4well; after all (emphasis/justification)5topic/resumption markerเป็นbpenเป็นbpen1to be (identity/category/state)2to become3[to] know how; be able to (skill)4[to] have; suffer from; be in (a condition)แค่kɛ̂ɛแค่kɛ̂ɛ1only; just2up to; as far as; only as much asลมlomลมlom1wind2gas; flatulence3air (breath); life-force (traditional)4nonsense; empty talk (fig.)
He said he would help, but in the end it was just empty talk.
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สัญญาsǎn-yaaที่tîiให้ไว้hâi-wáiเมื่อวานmʉ̂ʉa-waanกลายเป็นglaai-bpenลมlomทันทีที่tan-tii-tîiมีmiiงานngaanหนักnàk
The promise made yesterday turned into mere words as soon as hard work appeared.
คำkamรับปากráp-bpàakแบบbɛ̀ɛpไม่มีmâi-miiหลักฐานlàk-tǎanก็gɔ̂ไม่mâiต่างจากdtàang-jàakลมlomฟังfangแล้วก็lɛ́ɛo-gɔ̂หายไปhǎai-bpai
A promise without any proof is no different from idle talk; it vanishes as soon as you hear it.
เขาkǎoชอบchɔ̂ɔpปล่อยbplɔ̀iคำพูดkam-pûutสวยหรูsǔuai-rǔuแต่dtɛ̀ɛคนkonก็gɔ̂รู้rúuกันganว่าwâaมักmákเป็นbpenแค่kɛ̂ɛลมlomไม่มีน้ำmâi-mii-náamหนักnàk
He likes to make grand statements, but people know they’re usually just empty words with no weight.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ม, a sonorant, so it is live.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
Mid tone
lom
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Low class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |