ทึบ
tʉ́pMeanings
1AdjectiveB1
opaque; not letting light through
not allowing light to pass; not transparent or translucent
Examples
ม่านmâanม่านmâan1curtain; drape2screen; veilผืนpʉ̌ʉnผืนpʉ̌ʉn1classifier (flat expanses/items)2sheet; stretch (flat expanse)นี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)ทึบtʉ́pทึบtʉ́p1opaque; not letting light through2dense; thick3stuffy; poorly ventilated4dull; slow to understandแสงแดดsɛ̌ɛng-dɛ̀ɛtแสงแดดsɛ̌ɛng-dɛ̀ɛtsunlight; sunshineส่องผ่านsɔ̀ɔng-pàanส่องผ่านsɔ̀ɔng-pàan[to] shine through; pass through (of light)ไม่ได้mâi-dâaiไม่ได้mâi-dâai1cannot; not allowed; impossible2did not3[to] fail to get/receive [sth]4unacceptable; not allowed (won’t do)5No way!; absolutely not6not really/actually (corrective)
This curtain is opaque; sunlight cannot pass through.
3 more examplesShow less
ห้องประชุมhɔ̂ng-bprà-chumใช้cháiกระจกgrà-jòkทึบtʉ́pเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaป้องกันbpɔ̂ng-ganไม่ให้mâi-hâiคนkonข้างนอกkâang-nɔ̂ɔkมองเห็นmɔɔng-hěnด้านในdâan-nai
The meeting room uses opaque glass to prevent people outside from seeing inside.
ฉันchǎnชอบchɔ̂ɔpขวดkùuatทึบtʉ́pเพราะprɔ́ช่วยchûuaiป้องกันbpɔ̂ng-ganแสงsɛ̌ɛngทำให้tam-hâiครีมkriimไม่mâiเสื่อมsʉ̀ʉamคุณภาพkun-ná-pâap
I like opaque bottles because they block light and keep the cream from degrading.
ป้ายโฆษณาbpâai-koo-sà-naaทึบtʉ́pที่tîiปิดbpìtหน้าต่างnâa-dtàangทำให้tam-hâiห้องทำงานhɔ̂ng-tam-ngaanขาดแสงkàat-sɛ̌ɛngธรรมชาติtam-má-châatอย่างสิ้นเชิงyàang-sîn-chəəng
The opaque billboard covering the window completely deprives the office of natural light.
2AdjectiveB1
dense; thick
closely packed or heavy, e.g., dense forest, thick smoke/clouds
Examples
ควันkwanควันkwan1smoke; fumes2steam; vapor (loose/colloquial)จากjàakจากjàak1from; away from2[to] leave; depart; part from3nipa palmไฟป่าfai-bpàaไฟป่าfai-bpàawildfire; bushfire; forest fireลอยlɔɔiลอยlɔɔi1[to] float; drift2[to] hover; be suspended3floating; adrift4[to] float (price/exchange rate)ทึบtʉ́pทึบtʉ́p1opaque; not letting light through2dense; thick3stuffy; poorly ventilated4dull; slow to understandจนjonจนjon1poor2until; up to3so ... that; to the point ofมองmɔɔngมองmɔɔng1[to] look at2[to] watch; observe3[to] view; regard; considerภูเขาpuu-kǎoภูเขาpuu-kǎomountainไม่mâiไม่mâi1not (negator)2no (reply)เห็นhěnเห็นhěn1[to] see2[to] notice; [to] realize; [to] find (that)3[to] think; [to] be of the opinion4[to] consider; [to] regard as
Smoke from the forest fire rose so densely that the mountains were not visible.
2 more examplesShow less
ป่าฝนbpàa-fǒnแถบนี้tɛ̀ɛp-níiทึบtʉ́pมากmâakจนjonแสงแดดsɛ̌ɛng-dɛ̀ɛtส่องsɔ̀ɔngลงพื้นlong-pʉ́ʉnแทบtɛ̂ɛpไม่ถึงmâi-tʉ̌ng
The rainforest here is so dense that sunlight barely reaches the ground.
หมอกmɔ̀ɔkทึบtʉ́pในnaiหุบเขาhùp-kǎoเข้มข้นkêm-kônจนjonไฟหน้ารถfai-nâa-rótสะท้อนกลับsà-tɔ́ɔn-glàpมาเป็นmaa-bpenแผ่นpɛ̀nสีขาวsǐi-kǎao
The dense fog in the valley was so thick that the headlights reflected back as a white sheet.
3AdjectiveB2
stuffy; poorly ventilated
airless or lacking ventilation; feels heavy or suffocating
Examples
ห้องนี้hɔ̂ng-níiห้องนี้hɔ̂ng-níithis roomปิดbpìtปิดbpìt1[to] close; shut2[to] turn off; switch off3closed; shut; not open4[to] cover; seal5[to] block; conceal; suppress; withholdหน้าต่างnâa-dtàangหน้าต่างnâa-dtàang1window2window (computing)หมดmòtหมดmòt1all gone; none left2[to] run out; be used up3completely; entirely4in total; altogetherอากาศaa-gàatอากาศaa-gàat1air2weatherเลยləəiเลยləəi1at all; whatsoever (often in negatives)2so; thus; then (immediate result)3completely; absolutely (emphasis)4[to] pass; go beyond; exceedทึบtʉ́pทึบtʉ́p1opaque; not letting light through2dense; thick3stuffy; poorly ventilated4dull; slow to understandจนjonจนjon1poor2until; up to3so ... that; to the point ofหายใจhǎai-jaiหายใจhǎai-jai[to] breathe; respireไม่ค่อยmâi-kɔ̂iไม่ค่อยmâi-kɔ̂i1rarely; seldom; not often2not very; hardly (degree)สะดวกsà-dùuakสะดวกsà-dùuak1convenient2available; free (time)
All the windows in this room are closed, so the air is so stale that it’s hard to breathe.
3 more examplesShow less
ในnaiรถเมล์rót-meeคนแน่นkon-nɛ̂nและlɛ́อากาศaa-gàatทึบtʉ́pมากmâakจนjonหลายคนlǎai-konเริ่มrə̂əmเวียนหัวwiian-hǔua
On the bus it was crowded and airless, to the point that many people started feeling dizzy.
ห้องประชุมhɔ̂ng-bprà-chumไม่มีmâi-miiระบบระบายอากาศrá-bòp-rá-baai-aa-gàatที่ดีtîi-diiทำให้tam-hâiบรรยากาศban-yaa-gàatทึบtʉ́pและlɛ́อึดอัดʉ̀t-àtตลอดdtà-lɔ̀ɔtการประชุมgaan-bprà-chum
The meeting room lacks proper ventilation, making the atmosphere airless and suffocating throughout the meeting.
ช่วงบ่ายchûuang-bàaiอากาศร้อนaa-gàat-rɔ́ɔnอบอ้าวòp-âaoพอpɔɔเข้าไปในkâo-bpai-naiห้องครัวhɔ̂ng-kruuaที่tîiไม่มีmâi-miiพัดลมpát-lomดูดdùutอากาศaa-gàatก็gɔ̂ยิ่งyîngทึบtʉ́pจนjonต้องdtɔ̂ngออกมาɔ̀ɔk-maaสูดsùutลมlomข้างนอกkâang-nɔ̂ɔk
In the hot, muggy afternoon, entering the kitchen without an exhaust fan felt so airless that I had to step outside for fresh air.
4AdjectiveB2
dull; slow to understand
not quick to grasp ideas; mentally slow (informal/colloquial)
Examples
อธิบายà-tí-baaiอธิบายà-tí-baai[to] explain; clarifyไปbpaiไปbpai1[to] go2away; off (directional complement/particle)3on; onward; continuously (aspect marker)4(aspect) completed; already pastหลายรอบlǎai-rɔ̂ɔpหลายรอบlǎai-rɔ̂ɔp1many times; several times; repeatedly2many rounds; many lapsแล้วlɛ́ɛoแล้วlɛ́ɛo1already; now (as of this point)2then; and then; after that3already; completed-action marker4and; and then (linking clauses)เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillยังyangยังyang1still; continuing2not yet (with ไม่)3yet? (question use)4still/even (emphatic degree)ทึบtʉ́pทึบtʉ́p1opaque; not letting light through2dense; thick3stuffy; poorly ventilated4dull; slow to understandอยู่yùuอยู่yùu1[to] live; reside; stay2to be (located); be at3progressive/continuative marker4to exist; remainไม่ค่อยmâi-kɔ̂iไม่ค่อยmâi-kɔ̂i1rarely; seldom; not often2not very; hardly (degree)เข้าใจkâo-jaiเข้าใจkâo-jai1[to] understand; grasp2[to] assume; take sth to be true3[to be] understanding (of [sb])แนวคิดnɛɛo-kítแนวคิดnɛɛo-kít1concept; idea; notion2approach; perspective3school of thought; set of ideasนี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)
Even after explaining many times, he's still slow and doesn't really grasp this concept.
3 more examplesShow less
ครูkruuบอกว่าbɔ̀ɔk-wâaข้อสอบkɔ̂ɔ-sɔ̀ɔpไม่ยากmâi-yâakแต่dtɛ̀ɛฉันchǎnรู้สึกว่าrúu-sʉ̀k-wâaตัวเองdtuua-eengทึบtʉ́pคิดkítไม่ค่อยmâi-kɔ̂iออกɔ̀ɔk
The teacher said the exam wasn't hard, but I felt slow and couldn't think of the answers.
เวลาwee-laaเรื่องrʉ̂ʉangมันmanซับซ้อนsáp-sɔ́ɔnเขาkǎoมักจะmák-jàทึบtʉ́pต้องdtɔ̂ngให้hâiเพื่อนpʉ̂ʉanคอยkɔɔiช่วยchûuaiแปลความหมายbplɛɛ-kwaam-mǎaiทีละขั้นtii-lá-kân
When things get complicated, he's often slow to understand and needs friends to interpret step by step.
อย่าyàaว่าwâaกันganเลยləəiนะnáวันนี้wan-níiฉันchǎnทึบtʉ́pเป็นพิเศษbpen-pí-sèetเหมือนmʉ̌ʉanสมองsà-mɔ̌ɔngยังyangไม่mâiตื่นdtʉ̀ʉn
Please don't blame me; today I'm especially slow, like my brain hasn't woken up yet.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingDead syllableShort vowelEnds in -บ, a stop, so it is dead.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
High tone
tʉ́p
Starts high and keeps climbing.
Low class + No tone mark + Dead syllable · Short vowel → High
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |