โสก
sòokMeanings
1NounB2
Asoka tree
Asoka tree (a type of tropical tree with orange or yellow flowers)
Examples
คุณย่าkun-yâaคุณย่าkun-yâapaternal grandmother; father’s mother (honorific/term of address)ปลูกbplùukปลูกbplùuk1[to] plant; grow (plants)2[to] build (a house); erect; set up (structure)3[to] instill; cultivate (values/habits)ต้นdtônต้นdtôn1tree; plant2beginning; early3origin; source; root cause4stem; trunk; stalk; base5classifier: trees; plants; poles6initial; primary (as prefix)โสกsòokโสกsòok1Asoka tree2sorrow; sadness3ravine; gully4[to] wilt over a fireไว้wáiไว้wái1[to] keep; save; store2[to] set aside; reserve3for later; in reserve4[to] leave (something) as is5marks retention or maintenance of a state6[to] wear; sport (hair/moustache/etc.)หน้าบ้านnâa-bâanหน้าบ้านnâa-bâan1front of the house; frontage2front office; customer-facing sideเพราะprɔ́เพราะprɔ́1because2because of; due to3melodious; pleasant-soundingมันmanมันman1it (thing/animal)2greasy; oily; fatty3fun; thrilling; highly entertaining4he/she (colloquial, impolite)5starchy tuber; tuberous crop6fat; grease7shiny; glossy8creamy; rich (texture/taste)มีmiiมีmii1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoดอกdɔ̀ɔkดอกdɔ̀ɔk1flower; blossom2classifier: flowers and similar items3interest (on money)4emphasis or assurance particle (regional or old-fashioned)สีส้มsǐi-sômสีส้มsǐi-sôm1the color orange2orange (colored)ที่สวยงามtîi-sǔuai-ngaamที่สวยงามtîi-sǔuai-ngaambeautiful place; scenic spotมากmâakมากmâak1very; extremely2much; a lot; greatly3many; numerous
Grandma planted an Asoka tree in front of the house because it has very beautiful orange flowers.
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ในช่วงnai-chûuangฤดูร้อนrʉ́-duu-rɔ́ɔnต้นdtônโสกsòokในnaiวัดwátจะjàออกดอกɔ̀ɔk-dɔ̀ɔkบานสะพรั่งbaan-sà-prângเต็มdtemต้นdtôn
During the summer, the Asoka tree in the temple blooms fully all over the tree.
สถาปนิกภูมิทัศน์sà-tăa-bpà-ník poom-mí-tátเลือกlêuuakปลูกbplòokต้นdtônโสกsòhkไว้wáiริมrimรั้วrúuaเพื่อpêuuaให้ร่มเงาhâi rôm ngaoและláeเพิ่มสีสันpêrm sĕe-sănที่têeสดใสsòt săiให้กับhâi gàpสวนsŭuan
The landscape architect chose to plant Asoka trees along the fence to provide shade and add vibrant colors to the garden.
แม้ว่าmɛ́ɛ-wâaต้นdtônโสกsòokจะมีjà-miiถิ่นกำเนิดtìn-gam-nə̀ətในnaiประเทศอินเดียbprà-têet-in-diiaแต่dtɛ̀ɛมันmanก็gɔ̂สามารถsǎa-mâatเจริญเติบโตjà-rəən-dtə̀əp-dtooได้dâaiดีมากdii-mâakในnaiสภาพอากาศsà-pâap-aa-gàatเขตร้อนkèet-rɔ́ɔnของkɔ̌ɔngประเทศไทยbprà-têet-tai
Although the Asoka tree is native to India, it can thrive very well in Thailand's tropical climate.
2NounB2
sorrow; sadness
sorrow; grief; sadness (variant spelling of โศกโศกsòok1sorrowful; mournful (literary/formal; attrib.)2grief; sorrow (literary/formal))
Examples
เธอtəəเธอtəə1you (informal; familiar)2she; herร้องไห้rɔ́ɔng-hâaiร้องไห้rɔ́ɔng-hâai[to] cry; weepด้วยdûuaiด้วยdûuai1with; together with2also; too; as well3by; by means of; using4because of; due to5because; since (formal/literary)6request particle; please; tooความkwaamความkwaam1abstract noun prefix2matter; case; contentโสกsòokโสกsòok1Asoka tree2sorrow; sadness3ravine; gully4[to] wilt over a fireเศร้าsâoเศร้าsâosad; sorrowfulเมื่อmʉ̂ʉaเมื่อmʉ̂ʉa1when; at the time that2at; in; on (with time expressions)รู้rúuรู้rúu1[to] know; be aware of2[to] realize; find out; learn3[to] know how; know the proper way to act4[to] feel; sense; perceiveข่าวร้ายkàao-ráaiข่าวร้ายkàao-ráaibad news
She cried with sorrow when she heard the bad news.
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เขาkǎoจมอยู่กับjom-yùu-gàpความทุกข์kwaam-túkโสกsòokหลังจากlǎng-jàakสูญเสียsǔun-sǐiaสัตว์เลี้ยงsàt-líiangแสนsɛ̌ɛnรักrák
He was drowning in grief after losing his beloved pet.
แม้mɛ́ɛเวลาwee-laaจะjàผ่านไปpàan-bpaiหลายlǎaiปีbpiiแต่dtɛ̀ɛความทุกข์kwaam-túkโสกsòokในใจnai-jaiของkɔ̌ɔngเธอtəəก็gɔ̂ยังyangไม่mâiจางหายไปjaang-hǎai-bpai
Even though many years have passed, the sorrow in her heart still hasn't faded.
บทกวีbòt-gà-wiiบทbòtนี้níiบรรยายถึงban-yaai-tʉ̌ngความkwaamโสกsòokเศร้าsâoของkɔ̌ɔngผู้คนpûu-konที่tîiต้องdtɔ̂ngจากjàakบ้านเกิดเมืองนอนbâan-gə̀ət-mʉʉang-nɔɔn
This poem describes the grief of people who had to leave their homeland.
3NounC2
ravine; gully
ravine; gully; water-eroded ditch (often used in regional dialects)
Examples
หลังlǎngหลังlǎng1back (of body)2rear; back (part)3behind; at the back of4after; later than5CL: bed; bed-like platform6CL: building; house; structureฝนตกหนักfǒn-dtòk-nàkฝนตกหนักfǒn-dtòk-nàk[to] rain heavily; pourน้ำnáamน้ำnáam1water2liquid; fluid3juice; extract4sauce; broth5bodily fluid (in compounds)6served with broth7empty words; fillerได้dâaiได้dâai1okay; sure; agreed2[to] get; obtain; receive3can; [to] be able to; may4[to] manage to; succeed in5actualized-action markerกัดเซาะgàt-sɔ́กัดเซาะgàt-sɔ́[to] erode; wear away [sth]หน้าดินnâa-dinหน้าดินnâa-din1topsoil; surface soil (A horizon)2soil surface; ground surfaceจนjonจนjon1poor2until; up to3so ... that; to the point ofกลายเป็นglaai-bpenกลายเป็นglaai-bpen1[to] become; turn into [sth]2[to] turn out (to be) [sth/that]โสกsòokโสกsòok1Asoka tree2sorrow; sadness3ravine; gully4[to] wilt over a fireขนาดใหญ่kà-nàat-yàiขนาดใหญ่kà-nàat-yài1large; big; large-scale2large size (option)
After the heavy rain, the water eroded the topsoil until it became a large gully.
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ชาวบ้านchaao-bâanมักจะmák-jàต้อนฝูงdtɔ̂ɔn-fǔungวัวควายwuua-kwaaiไปbpaiกินginหญ้าyâaตามdtaamโสกsòokที่tîiยังyangมีmiiน้ำขังnáam-kǎngอยู่yùuในช่วงnai-chûuangหน้าแล้งnâa-lɛ́ɛng
Villagers often herd their cattle to graze along the ravines where some water is still trapped during the dry season.
การทำลายgaan-tam-laaiป่าไม้bpàa-máaiบนbonพื้นที่pʉ́ʉn-tîiลาดชันlâat-chanส่งผลให้sòng-pǒn-hâiเกิดgə̀ətร่องrɔ̂ngโสกsòokขนาดkà-nàatลึกlʉ́kกระจายgrà-jaaiอยู่yùuทั่วไปtûua-bpaiเมื่อmʉ̂ʉaถึงtʉ̌ngฤดูน้ำหลากrʉ́-duu-náam-làak
Deforestation on steep slopes results in deep gullies scattered everywhere during the flood season.
ภูมิประเทศpoom-bprà-têetแบบbàepที่ราบtêe râapสูงsŏongในnaiภาคตะวันออกเฉียงเหนือpâak dtà-wan òk chĭiang nĕuuaมักmákมีmeeโสกsòhkที่têeเกิดจากgèrt jàakการกัดเซาะgaan gàt sóตามธรรมชาติdtaam tam-má-châatซึ่งsêungสะท้อนถึงsà-tón tĕungสภาพsà-pâapทางธรณีวิทยาtaang tor-rá-nee wít-tá-yaaที่têeเป็นเอกลักษณ์bpen èek-gà-lák
The plateau topography in the Northeast often features ravines formed by natural erosion, reflecting its unique geological conditions.
4VerbC2
[to] wilt over a fire
to wilt leaves (especially banana leaves) by passing them over a fire
Examples
ก่อนจะgɔ̀ɔn-jàก่อนจะgɔ̀ɔn-jàbefore (introducing a clause)นำnamนำnam1[to] bring; take; lead2[to] lead; guide3[to] lead; be aheadใบตองbai-dtɔɔngใบตองbai-dtɔɔngbanana leafไปbpaiไปbpai1[to] go2away; off (directional complement/particle)3on; onward; continuously (aspect marker)4(aspect) completed; already past5too; excessivelyห่อhɔ̀ɔห่อhɔ̀ɔ1[to] wrap; package2package; bundle3classifier (packages; bundles; packets)ขนมkà-nǒmขนมkà-nǒmsnack; sweet; dessertเราraoเราrao1we; us2I; me (informal/regional)ต้องdtɔ̂ngต้องdtɔ̂ng1must; have to2must; bound toนำไปnam-bpaiนำไปnam-bpai[to] take; carry; bring [sb/sth] (away/to somewhere)โสกsòokโสกsòok1Asoka tree2sorrow; sadness3ravine; gully4[to] wilt over a fireไฟfaiไฟfai1fire; flame2electricity; power3light (from a lamp)4signal light; indicator5anger; passion (figurative)เสียก่อนsǐia-gɔ̀ɔnเสียก่อนsǐia-gɔ̀ɔnfirst; beforehand (do this before something else)เพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiso that; in order thatมันmanมันman1it (thing/animal)2greasy; oily; fatty3fun; thrilling; highly entertaining4he/she (colloquial, impolite)5starchy tuber; tuberous crop6fat; grease7shiny; glossy8creamy; rich (texture/taste)นิ่มnîmนิ่มnîm1soft; supple; tender2gentle; mild3softly; gently4pangolinและlɛ́และlɛ́and (coordinating)ไม่mâiไม่mâi1not (negator)2no (reply)แตกง่ายdtɛ̀ɛk-ngâaiแตกง่ายdtɛ̀ɛk-ngâaifragile; easily broken
Before using banana leaves to wrap sweets, we must wilt them over a fire first to make them soft and not easily torn.
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คุณkunยายสอนyaai-sɔ̌ɔnฉันchǎnว่าwâaเคล็ดลับklét-lápในnaiการทำgaan-tamกระทงgrà-tongให้hâiสวยsǔuaiคือkʉʉต้องdtɔ̂ngโสกsòokใบตองbai-dtɔɔngด้วยความร้อนdûuai-kwaam-rɔ́ɔnที่tîiพอดีpɔɔ-dii
My grandmother taught me that the secret to making a beautiful krathong is to wilt the banana leaves with just the right amount of heat.
ช่างchângทำtamบายศรีbaai-sǐiที่tîiมีmiiความชำนาญkwaam-cham-naanจะjàรู้rúuจังหวะjang-wàในnaiการgaanโสกsòokใบตองbai-dtɔɔngไม่ให้mâi-hâiแห้งกรอบhɛ̂ɛng-grɔ̀ɔpจนเกินไปjon-gəən-bpai
A skilled baisi maker knows the exact timing for passing banana leaves over a fire so they don't become too dry and brittle.
ภูมิปัญญาpuum-bpan-yaaพื้นบ้านpʉ́ʉn-bâanในnaiการgaanโสกsòokใบตองbai-dtɔɔngด้วยdûuaiเตาถ่านdtao-tàanสะท้อนให้เห็นถึงsà-tɔ́ɔn-hâi-hěn-tʉ̌ngความผูกพันkwaam-pùuk-panระหว่างrá-wàangวิถีชีวิตwí-tǐi-chii-wítของkɔ̌ɔngคนไทยkon-taiกับgàpธรรมชาติtam-má-châatที่tîiสืบทอดกันมาsʉ̀ʉp-tɔ̂ɔt-gan-maaแต่โบราณdtɛ̀ɛ-boo-raan
The traditional wisdom of wilting banana leaves over a charcoal stove reflects the deep-rooted connection between the Thai way of life and nature, inherited since ancient times.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classHigh class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingDead syllableEnds in -ก, a stop, so it is dead.
High class consonants
ขฃฉฐถผฝศษสห
Result
Low tone
sòok
Starts low and stays low, easing slightly down.
High class + No tone mark + Dead syllable → Low
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |