ความทุกข์
kwaam-túkMeanings
1NounB1
suffering; distress
a state of suffering, pain, sorrow, or deep unhappiness; mental or physical distress
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillมีmiiมีmii1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoความทุกข์kwaam-túkความทุกข์kwaam-túk1suffering; distress2hardship; adversity3dukkha; suffering; unsatisfactoriness (Buddhism)มากmâakมากmâak1very; extremely2much; a lot; greatly3many; numerousที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerสุนัขsù-nákสุนัขsù-nákdog (formal)ของเขาkɔ̌ɔng-kǎoของเขาkɔ̌ɔng-kǎohis; hers; theirsป่วยbpùuaiป่วยbpùuai1sick; ill; unwell2[to] be ill; fall sick
He feels great suffering because his dog is sick.
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การสูญเสียgaan-sǔun-sǐiaคนkonที่รักtîi-rákทำให้tam-hâiเธอtəəจมอยู่กับjom-yùu-gàpความทุกข์kwaam-túkเป็นเวลานานbpen-wee-laa-naan
Losing a loved one caused her to be immersed in sorrow for a long time.
เขาkǎoพยายามpá-yaa-yaamซ่อนsɔ̂ɔnความทุกข์kwaam-túkไว้wáiข้างในkâang-naiแต่dtɛ̀ɛแววตาwɛɛo-dtaaของเขาkɔ̌ɔng-kǎoกลับglàpฟ้องfɔ́ɔngทุกอย่างtúk-yàang
He tried to hide his suffering inside, but his eyes gave everything away.
แม้máeจะjàประสบความสำเร็จbprà-sòp kwaam săm-rètในnaiหน้าที่การงานnâa-têe gaan ngaanแต่dtàeลึกๆléuk léukแล้วláeoเขาkăoก็gâwยังคงyang kongแบกรับbàek rápความทุกข์kwaam túkจากjàakเรื่องราวrêuuang raaoในอดีตnai à-dèet
Despite being successful in his career, deep down he still carries the sorrow from his past.
2NounB2
hardship; adversity
difficult conditions or burdens in life; hardship or adversity one has to endure
Examples
ชาวบ้านchaao-bâanชาวบ้านchaao-bâan1villagers; locals; rural residents2ordinary people; laypeople; the public3folksy; colloquial; plain (as a modifier)ต้องdtɔ̂ngต้องdtɔ̂ng1must; have to2must; bound toเผชิญกับpà-chəən-gàpเผชิญกับpà-chəən-gàp[to] face; be confronted with; encounterความทุกข์kwaam-túkความทุกข์kwaam-túk1suffering; distress2hardship; adversity3dukkha; suffering; unsatisfactoriness (Buddhism)อย่างyàangอย่างyàang1kind; type; sort2manner; way3classifier (for kinds/types)4in the manner of; -lyแสนสาหัสsɛ̌ɛn-sǎa-hàtแสนสาหัสsɛ̌ɛn-sǎa-hàtextremely severe; criticalในช่วงnai-chûuangในช่วงnai-chûuangduring; in the period ofที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerเกิดgə̀ətเกิดgə̀ət1to be born2to happen; occur; arise3born (indicating birthplace/time)4(colloq.) if it happens that; unexpectedlyภัยแล้งpai-lɛ́ɛngภัยแล้งpai-lɛ́ɛngdrought; drought disasterติดต่อกันdtìt-dtɔ̀ɔ-ganติดต่อกันdtìt-dtɔ̀ɔ-gan1continuously; consecutively; in a row2[to] contact each other; stay in touchหลายlǎaiหลายlǎaimany; severalปีbpiiปีbpii1year2classifier: years
The villagers had to face terrible hardship during the years-long drought.
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หนังสือnǎng-sʉ̌ʉเล่มlêmนี้níiเล่าถึงlâo-tʉ̌ngความทุกข์kwaam-túkของkɔ̌ɔngผู้อพยพpûu-òp-pá-yópที่tîiต้องdtɔ̂ngดิ้นรนdîn-ronในnaiต่างแดนdtàang-dɛɛn
This book tells of the hardships of immigrants who had to struggle in a foreign land.
รัฐบาลrát-tà-baanพยายามpà-yaa-yaamออกòkมาตรการmâat-dtrà gaanต่างๆdtàang-dtàangเพื่อpêuuaบรรเทาความทุกข์ban-tao kwaam túkของkŏngประชาชนbprà-chaa-chonจากjàakปัญหาbpan-hăaเศรษฐกิจsèht-tà-gìt
The government is trying to issue various measures to alleviate the people's hardship from economic problems.
กว่าจะgwàa-jàมีmiiวันนี้wan-níiได้dâaiเขาkǎoต้องdtɔ̂ngผ่านpàanความทุกข์kwaam-túkและlɛ́อุปสรรคù-bpà-sàkมาmaaนับไม่ถ้วนnáp-mâi-tûuan
To get to where he is today, he had to go through countless hardships and obstacles.
3NounC1
dukkha; suffering; unsatisfactoriness (Buddhism)
In Buddhism, suffering or unsatisfactoriness, including pain, distress, and the inability of impermanent, conditioned things to provide lasting satisfaction.
Examples
ในทางnai-taangในทางnai-taangin terms of; in the field/aspect of [sth]พระพุทธศาสนาprá-pút-tá-sàat-sà-nǎaพระพุทธศาสนาprá-pút-tá-sàat-sà-nǎaBuddhismการเกิดgaan-gə̀ətการเกิดgaan-gə̀ət1birth2occurrence; happening3formation; generationแก่gɛ̀ɛแก่gɛ̀ɛ1old (age)2to; toward (recipient/affected party)3dark (color); strong (drink)4mature; fully grown; old (plant parts or produce)5for; with regard toเจ็บjèpเจ็บjèp1sore; painful2[to] hurt; be in pain3hurt (emotionally)4injuredและlɛ́และlɛ́and (coordinating)ตายdtaaiตายdtaai1[to] die; pass away2dead3[of devices] dead; not working4be doomed; be in big trouble (informal)5extremely; utterly (intensifier, informal)ล้วนlúuanล้วนlúuan1entirely; all; nothing but2pure; unmixed; wholeเป็นbpenเป็นbpen1to be (identity/category/state)2to become3[to] know how; be able to (skill)4[to] have; suffer from; be in (a condition)ความทุกข์kwaam-túkความทุกข์kwaam-túk1suffering; distress2hardship; adversity3dukkha; suffering; unsatisfactoriness (Buddhism)
In Buddhism, birth, aging, sickness, and death are all considered suffering (dukkha).
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พระพุทธเจ้าprá-pút-tá-jâaoทรงsongสอนsɔ̌ɔnว่าwâaเหตุhèetแห่งhɛ̀ngความทุกข์kwaam-túkทั้งปวงtáng-bpuuangเกิดจากgə̀ət-jàakตัณหาdtan-hǎaและlɛ́ความยึดมั่นถือมั่นkwaam-yʉ́t-mân-tʉ̌ʉ-mân
The Buddha taught that the cause of all suffering (dukkha) arises from craving and attachment.
การเข้าใจgaan-kâo-jaiในnaiสภาวะsà-paa-wáแห่งhɛ̀ngความทุกข์kwaam-túkว่าwâaเป็นส่วนหนึ่งbpen-sùuan-nʉ̀ngของkɔ̌ɔngชีวิตchii-wítถือเป็นtʉ̌ʉ-bpenปัญญาbpan-yaaขั้นแรกkân-rɛ̂ɛkในnaiอริยมรรคà-rí-yá-mákมีmiiองค์ong๘bpɛ̀ɛt
Understanding the nature of suffering (dukkha) as an inherent part of existence is considered the first step of the Noble Eightfold Path.
ผู้ปฏิบัติธรรมpôo bpà-dtì-bàt tamจะjàพิจารณาpí-jàa-rá-naaเห็นhĕnการเกิดgaan gèrtและláeดับdàpของkŏngความทุกข์kwaam túkอยู่yòoเนืองๆneuuang neuuangจนjonรู้แจ้งróo jâengในnaiความเป็นkwaam bpenไตรลักษณ์dtrai-lákของkŏngสรรพสิ่งsàp-pá-sìng
A dharma practitioner constantly contemplates the arising and ceasing of suffering (dukkha) until they attain insight into the three characteristics of existence of all things.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
Why is ความทุกข์ said ความ-ทุก?
kwaam-túk
The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow classConsonant clusterIn the cluster คว, the first consonant ค sets the class.
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ม, a sonorant, so it is live.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
Mid tone
kwaam
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Low class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |
Word Breakdown
+
ทุกข์túkทุกข์túk1suffering; misery; distress2[to] suffer; be in distresssuffering; misery; distressPart 2
ความทุกข์kwaam-túkความทุกข์kwaam-túksuffering; distresssuffering; distressWord