ทุน
tunMeanings
1NounA2
scholarship; grant
money awarded to a student to support education expenses
Examples
เธอtəəเธอtəə1you (informal; familiar)2she; herได้dâaiได้dâai1okay; sure; agreed2[to] get; obtain; receive3can; [to] be able to; may4[to] manage to; succeed in5actualized-action markerทุนtunทุนtun1scholarship; grant2capital; funds3principal; cost basis4natural endowmentจากjàakจากjàak1from; away from2[to] leave; depart; part from3nipa palmโรงเรียนroong-riianโรงเรียนroong-riian1school (institution)2school (building)เพื่อpʉ̂ʉaเพื่อpʉ̂ʉa1for; in order to2for the sake of; on behalf ofจ่ายjàaiจ่ายjàai1[to] pay2[to] disburse; distribute (funds/resources)3[to] spend (money)ค่าเรียนkâa-riianค่าเรียนkâa-riiantuition fee; school fee
She received a scholarship from the school to pay for tuition.
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ปีที่แล้วbpii-tîi-lɛ́ɛoพี่ชายpîi-chaaiฉันchǎnสมัครsà-màkทุนtunและlɛ́ได้รับdâi-rápเงินngənช่วยchûuaiค่าเทอมkâa-təəm
Last year my brother applied for a scholarship and received money to help with tuition fees.
If I get this scholarship, I won’t need to take out a student loan.
มหาวิทยาลัยmá-hǎa-wít-tá-yaa-laiให้hâiทุนtunครอบคลุมkrɔ̂ɔp-klumค่าkâaหนังสือnǎng-sʉ̌ʉและlɛ́ค่าkâaหอพักhɔ̌ɔ-pákสำหรับsǎm-ràpนักศึกษาnák-sʉ̀k-sǎaที่tîiผลการเรียนpǒn-gaan-riianดีdii
The university provides scholarships covering books and dormitory fees for students with good academic performance.
2NounB1
capital; funds
money or assets used to start, operate, or grow a business or project
Examples
เราraoเราrao1we; us2I; me (informal/regional)เก็บเงินgèp ngernเก็บเงินgèp ngern1[to] save money; put money aside2[to] collect payment; charge [sb]เป็นbpenเป็นbpen1to be (identity/category/state)2to become3[to] know how; be able to (skill)4[to] have; suffer from; be in (a condition)ทุนtunทุนtun1scholarship; grant2capital; funds3principal; cost basis4natural endowmentเล็กlékเล็กlék1small; little2young; younger; youngest3minor; slightๆ-เพื่อpêuuaเพื่อpêuua1for; in order to2for the sake of; on behalf ofเปิดbpèrtเปิดbpèrt1[to] open; uncover; unwrap2[to] turn on; switch on3[to] start; launch; open for businessร้านกาแฟráan gaa-faeร้านกาแฟráan gaa-faecoffee shop; caféปีหน้าbpee nâaปีหน้าbpee nâanext year
We saved some money as capital to open a small coffee shop next year.
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พวกเขาpûuak-kǎoใช้เงินchái-ngənทุนtunจากjàakครอบครัวkrɔ̂ɔp-kruuaมาmaaซื้อsʉ́ʉเครื่องจักรkrʉ̂ʉang-jàkและlɛ́เช่าchâoพื้นที่pʉ́ʉn-tîiโรงงานroong-ngaan
They used capital from their family to buy machinery and rent factory space.
ถ้าtâaไม่มีmâi-miiทุนหมุนเวียนtun-mǔn-wiianเพียงพอpiiang-pɔɔธุรกิจtú-rá-gìtอาจàatชะงักchá-ngákเพราะprɔ́จ่ายjàaiค่าkâaวัตถุดิบwát-tù-dìpไม่ทันmâi-tan
If there isn’t enough working capital, the business may stall because it can’t pay for raw materials in time.
สตาร์ทอัพsà-dtàat-àpกำลังgam-langระดมทุนrá-dom-tunรอบrɔ̂ɔpใหม่màiเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaขยายkà-yǎaiทีมขายtiim-kǎaiและlɛ́รุกตลาดrúk-dtà-làatต่างประเทศdtàang-bprà-têet
The startup is raising a new round of capital to expand the sales team and push into international markets.
3NounB2
principal; cost basis
the original amount of money invested or put in before profit or interest
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillคืนเงินkʉʉn-ngənคืนเงินkʉʉn-ngən[to] refund; [to] return moneyทุนtunทุนtun1scholarship; grant2capital; funds3principal; cost basis4natural endowmentก้อนgɔ̂ɔnก้อนgɔ̂ɔn1lump; chunk; clump2classifier: lumps/chunks3nodule; lump (medical)แรกrɛ̂ɛkแรกrɛ̂ɛk1first; earliest; initial2at first; initiallyก่อนgɔ̀ɔnก่อนgɔ̀ɔn1before; earlier; previously; first2previous; prior; formerแล้วจึงlɛ́ɛo-jʉngแล้วจึงlɛ́ɛo-jʉngthen; and then; only thenแบ่งbɛ̀ngแบ่งbɛ̀ng1[to] divide; split2[to] share3[to] allocate; distribute4[to] separate; set apartกำไรgam-raiกำไรgam-rai1profit; financial gain2benefit; advantage (fig.)ทีหลังtii-lǎngทีหลังtii-lǎng1later; afterwards2next time; in future (occasions)3after others; later in order
He returned the original principal first, then split the profit afterward.
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เงินngənที่tîiเราraoฝากfàakไปbpaiเมื่อmʉ̂ʉaปีที่แล้วbpii-tîi-lɛ́ɛoยังyangถือเป็นtʉ̌ʉ-bpenทุนtunส่วนsùuanดอกเบี้ยdɔ̀ɔk-bîiaคือkʉʉผลตอบแทนpǒn-dtɔ̀ɔp-tɛɛn
The money we deposited last year is still the principal, while the interest is the return.
นักลงทุนnák-long-tunควรkuuanแยกyɛ̂ɛkบัญชีban-chiiทุนtunออกจากɔ̀ɔk-jàakกำไรgam-raiอย่างชัดเจนyàang-chát-jeenเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaดูผลduu-pǒnการลงทุนgaan-long-tunจริงjing
Investors should clearly separate the principal from the profit to see the actual investment performance.
เมื่อmʉ̂ʉaครบกำหนดkróp-gam-nòtกองทุนgɔɔng-tunจะjàคืนkʉʉnทุนtunทั้งหมดtáng-mòtก่อนgɔ̀ɔnแล้วจึงlɛ́ɛo-jʉngคำนวณkam-nuuanดอกเบี้ยdɔ̀ɔk-bîiaที่tîiเกิดขึ้นgə̀ət-kʉ̂nให้hâiผู้ถือpûu-tʉ̌ʉหน่วยnùuai
Upon maturity, the fund will return the entire principal first and then calculate the interest accrued for the unit holders.
4NounB2
natural endowment
innate ability, background, or resources a person starts with (e.g., family means or talent)
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillมีmiiมีmii1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoทุนtunทุนtun1scholarship; grant2capital; funds3principal; cost basis4natural endowmentเป็นbpenเป็นbpen1to be (identity/category/state)2to become3[to] know how; be able to (skill)4[to] have; suffer from; be in (a condition)เสียงดีsǐiang-diiเสียงดีsǐiang-diigood-sounding; having a good voiceเลยləəiเลยləəi1at all; whatsoever (often in negatives)2so; thus; then (immediate result)3completely; absolutely (emphasis)4[to] pass; go beyond; exceedเรียนriianเรียนriian1[to] study; learn2[to] take (a course/subject)3[to] respectfully inform; address (formal)ร้องเพลงrɔ́ɔng-pleengร้องเพลงrɔ́ɔng-pleeng[to] sing (a song)ได้dâaiได้dâai1okay; sure; agreed2[to] get; obtain; receive3can; [to] be able to; may4[to] manage to; succeed in5actualized-action markerเร็วกว่าreo-gwàaเร็วกว่าreo-gwàafaster; quickerเพื่อนpʉ̂ʉanเพื่อนpʉ̂ʉan1friend2classmate; colleague (peer)3companion; fellow
He has the innate advantage of a good voice, so he learns singing faster than his friends.
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บ้านbâanนี้níiมีmiiทุนtunครอบครัวkrɔ̂ɔp-kruuaดีdiiพ่อแม่pɔ̂ɔ-mɛ̂ɛสนับสนุนsà-nàp-sà-nǔnให้hâiลองlɔɔngหลายอย่างlǎai-yàangตั้งแต่dtâng-dtɛ̀ɛเด็กdèk
This family has a good background; the parents have supported trying many things since childhood.
แม้mɛ́ɛจะjàไม่ได้mâi-dâaiมีmiiทุนtunทางบ้านtaang-bâanมากmâakแต่dtɛ̀ɛเธอtəəมีmiiทุนtunความขยันkwaam-kà-yǎnและlɛ́วินัยwí-naiที่tîiทำให้tam-hâiก้าวหน้าgâao-nâa
Even without much family means, she has the innate resources of diligence and discipline that help her progress.
คนเราkon-raoเกิดมาgə̀ət-maaมีmiiทุนtunต่างกันdtàang-ganทั้งtángสติปัญญาsà-dtì-bpan-yaaโอกาสoo-gàatและlɛ́เครือข่ายkrʉʉa-kàaiซึ่งsʉ̂ngส่งผลต่อsòng-pǒn-dtɔ̀ɔเส้นทางชีวิตsên-taang-chii-wít
People are born with different starting resources—intelligence, opportunities, and networks—which affect their life paths.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -น, a sonorant, so it is live.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
Mid tone
tun
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Low class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |