สูร
sǔunMeanings
1NounC2
sun
the sun (used primarily in literature or poetry)
Examples
เมื่อmʉ̂ʉaเมื่อmʉ̂ʉa1when; at the time that2at; in; on (with time expressions)แสงsɛ̌ɛngแสงsɛ̌ɛng1light2ray; beamสูรsǔunสูรsǔun1sun2hero; warrior3brave; heroicทอประกายtɔɔ-bprà-gaaiทอประกายtɔɔ-bprà-gaai[to] sparkle; [to] glitterยามเช้าyaam-cháaoยามเช้าyaam-cháao1morning2in the morningดอกไม้dɔ̀ɔk-máaiดอกไม้dɔ̀ɔk-máaiflower; flowersในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)สวนsǔuanสวนsǔuan1garden; orchard; park2classifier: gardens/orchards/plantations3[to] oppose; contradict; go against4[to] move against; counter (direction)ก็gɔ̂ก็gɔ̂1also; too2then; so (sequence/result)3conditional marker (if… then…)4well; after all (emphasis/justification)5topic/resumption markerเริ่มrə̂əmเริ่มrə̂əm1[to] start; begin2[to] start to; begin toแย้มบานyɛ́ɛm-baanแย้มบานyɛ́ɛm-baan1[to] bloom; open (of a flower/bud)2blooming (of flowers/buds)3[to] beam/smile radiantly4beaming; cheerful (of a person/face)รับrápรับráp1[to] receive; get2[to] accept3[to] pick up; collect4[to] admit; confess5[to] take (a call/order/job)6[to] host; welcome7[to] defend; resist an attack8[to] withstand; bear9bottom; receptive sexual partner (slang)วันใหม่wan-màiวันใหม่wan-màia new day
When the light of the sun shines in the morning, the flowers in the garden begin to bloom to welcome the new day.
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กวีgà-wiiมักmákเปรียบเปรยbprìiap-bprəəiความหวังkwaam-wǎngที่tîiไม่มีวันmâi-mii-wanดับสูญdàp-sǔunดั่งdàngแสงsɛ̌ɛngสูรsǔunที่tîiส่องสว่างsɔ̀ɔng-sà-wàangอยู่yùuกลางglaangทิฆัมพรtí-kam-pɔɔn
Poets often compare undying hope to the light of the sun shining brightly in the sky.
เมื่อmʉ̂ʉaรุ่งอรุณrûng-à-runเบิกbə̀əkฟ้าfáaแสงsɛ̌ɛngสูรsǔunก็gɔ̂สาดส่องsàat-sɔ̀ɔngลงมาlong-maaขับไล่kàp-lâiความมืดมิดkwaam-mʉ̂ʉt-mítให้hâiมลายสิ้นmá-laai-sînไปbpaiจากjàakแผ่นดินpɛ̀n-din
As the dawn opens the sky, the sun's rays shine down, driving away the absolute darkness from the earth.
แม้นmɛ́ɛnเมฆาmee-kaaจะjàรวมตัวกันruuam-dtuua-ganบดบังแสงbòt-bang-sɛ̌ɛngสูรsǔunชั่วคราวchûua-kraaoแต่dtɛ̀ɛท้ายที่สุดtáai-tîi-sùtความสว่างไสวkwaam-sà-wàang-sà-wǎiก็gɔ̂จะjàกลับคืนglàp-kʉʉnสู่sùuหล้าlâaเสมอsà-mə̌ə
Even though clouds may gather to temporarily obscure the sun's light, in the end, brightness will always return to the earth.
2NounC2
hero; warrior
a hero, warrior, or brave person (used primarily in literature or poetry)
Examples
ในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)วรรณคดีโบราณwan-ná-ká-dii-boo-raanวรรณคดีโบราณwan-ná-ká-dii-boo-raanancient literature; classical literatureมักกล่าวmák-glàaoมักกล่าวmák-glàao[to] often say [sth]; [impersonal] it is often said (that)ถึงtʉ̌ngถึงtʉ̌ng1to; until; up to2[to] arrive; reach3to; toward (recipient/goal)4even if; even though5as much as; as many as; to the point of6only then; then as a result (informal)7about; concerning; regardingเหล่าlàoเหล่าlào1group; set; category2the ... (plural/collective marker)3classifier: groups; kinds; military branchesสูรsǔunสูรsǔun1sun2hero; warrior3brave; heroicที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerออกรบɔ̀ɔk-rópออกรบɔ̀ɔk-róp[to] go to warเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaเพื่อpʉ̂ʉa1for; in order to2for the sake of; on behalf ofปกป้องบ้านเมืองbpòk-bpɔ̂ng-bâan-mʉʉangปกป้องบ้านเมืองbpòk-bpɔ̂ng-bâan-mʉʉang[to] protect the countryด้วยdûuaiด้วยdûuai1with; together with2also; too; as well3by; by means of; using4because of; due to5because; since (formal/literary)6request particle; please; tooความกล้าหาญkwaam-glâa-hǎanความกล้าหาญkwaam-glâa-hǎancourage; bravery; valor
In ancient literature, it often mentions the warriors who bravely go to battle to protect the country.
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ขุนพลkǔn-ponผู้นี้pûu-níiได้รับdâi-rápการgaanยกย่องให้เป็นyók-yɔ̂ɔng-hâi-bpenเอกèekสูรsǔunแห่งhɛ̀ngกองทัพgɔɔng-tápที่tîiไม่มีmâi-miiผู้ใดpûu-daiกล้าglâaต่อกรdtɔ̀ɔ-gɔɔn
This warlord is praised as the supreme warrior of the army whom no one dares to challenge.
แม้máeจะต้องjà dtôngเผชิญกับphà-chern gàpอริราชศัตรูà-rí-râat-sàt-dtrooที่têeแข็งแกร่งkăeng gràengแต่dtàeเหล่าlàoสูรsŏonก็gâwไม่เคยmâi koieคิดkítที่จะtêe jàถอยtŏiหนีnĕeจากjàakสมรภูมิsà-mŏ-rá-poom
Even when facing formidable enemies, the heroes never thought of retreating from the battlefield.
บทกวีbòt gà-weeบทbòtนี้néeพรรณนาถึงpan-ná-naa tĕungความเสียสละkwaam sĭia sà-làของkŏngหมู่mòoสูรsŏonผู้พลีชีพpôo plee chêepเพื่อpêuuaธำรงไว้tam-rong wáiซึ่งsêungเอกราชèek-gà-râatของkŏngชาติพันธุ์châat pan
This poem depicts the sacrifice of the brave warriors who laid down their lives to maintain the independence of their race.
3AdjectiveC2
brave; heroic
brave or heroic, especially in literary language
Examples
ทหารtá-hǎanทหารtá-hǎan1soldier; service member2the military; armed forces3military (as modifier)หนุ่มnùmหนุ่มnùm1young; youthful (male)2young man; youthแสดงsà-dɛɛngแสดงsà-dɛɛng1[to] show; demonstrate2[to] perform; act; put on (a show)3[to] express4[to] present; exhibitน้ำใจnáam-jaiน้ำใจnáam-jai1kindness; generosity2goodwillอันanอันan1thing; item; one2general classifier for objects, items, or abstract things3which; that (relative pronoun, formal/literary)4as for; concerning (formal/literary topic marker)สูรsǔunสูรsǔun1sun2hero; warrior3brave; heroicด้วยdûuaiด้วยdûuai1with; together with2also; too; as well3by; by means of; using4because of; due to5because; since (formal/literary)6request particle; please; tooการบุกgaan-bùkการบุกgaan-bùk1offensive; attack (military/sports)2raid; forcible entry3market entry; aggressive expansionเข้าไปkâo-bpaiเข้าไปkâo-bpai1[to] go in; enter (away from the speaker)2directional complement: into; in (away from speaker)ช่วยchûuaiช่วยchûuai1[to] help; assist [sb/sth]2please (request marker)3[to] save; rescue [sb]เพื่อนpʉ̂ʉanเพื่อนpʉ̂ʉan1friend2classmate; colleague (peer)3companion; fellowในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)วงล้อมwong-lɔ́ɔmวงล้อมwong-lɔ́ɔmring; circle (surrounding something)ของkɔ̌ɔngของkɔ̌ɔng1of; belonging to2thing; item; stuff3property; goodsศัตรูsàt-dtruuศัตรูsàt-dtruuenemy; foe; adversary
The young soldier showed a brave spirit by charging in to save his friend surrounded by the enemy.
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วรรณกรรมwan-ná-gamเรื่องrʉ̂ʉangนี้níiสะท้อนให้เห็นถึงsà-tɔ́ɔn-hâi-hěn-tʉ̌ngการกระทำgaan-grà-tamอันanสูรsǔunของkɔ̌ɔngชาวบ้านchaao-bâanธรรมดาtam-má-daaที่tîiลุกขึ้นสู้lúk-kʉ̂n-sûuกับgàpผู้pûuกดขี่gòt-kìi
This literary work reflects the heroic actions of ordinary villagers who rose up against their oppressors.
ด้วยdûuaiจิตjìtอันanสูรsǔunเขาkǎoจึงjʉngอาสาaa-sǎaนำnamทัพหน้าtáp-nâaไปbpaiปะทะbpà-táกับgàpข้าศึกkâa-sʉ̀kโดยdooiไม่เกรงกลัวmâi-greeng-gluuaความตายkwaam-dtaai
With a heroic mind, he volunteered to lead the vanguard to clash with the enemy without fearing death.
กวีนิพนธ์gà-wii-ní-ponได้dâaiสดุดีsà-dù-diiดวงหทัยduuang-hà-taiอันanสูรsǔunของkɔ̌ɔngวีรสตรีwii-rá-sà-dtriiผู้pûuกอบกู้gɔ̀ɔp-gûuแผ่นดินเกิดpɛ̀n-din-gə̀ətให้hâiพ้นจากpón-jàakเงื้อมngʉ́ʉamมือmʉʉของkɔ̌ɔngทรราชtɔɔ-rá-râat
The poetry extolled the heroic heart of the heroine who saved her motherland from the tyrant's grasp.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classHigh class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ร, a sonorant, so it is live.
High class consonants
ขฃฉฐถผฝศษสห
Result
Rising tone
sǔun
Dips low first, then rises clearly.
High class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Rising
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |