สุม
sǔmMeanings
1VerbB1
[to] pile up; heap
To put many things together in a heap or make a pile.
Examples
อย่าyàaอย่าyàadon’t; do not (negative imperative)สุมsumสุมsum1[to] pile up; heap2[to] add fuel; stoke (a fire)3[to] crowd around; gather densely4[to] add to; fuel (trouble/feeling)หนังสือnǎng-sĕuหนังสือnǎng-sĕu1book (printed work)2document; letterไว้บนwái bonโต๊ะdtóโต๊ะdtó1table2deskเดี๋ยวdĭiaoเดี๋ยวdĭiao1soon; in a moment2for a moment; briefly; one moment3wait! just a moment4otherwise; or else (colloq.)5alternating; now … now …มันmanมันman1it (thing/animal)2greasy; oily; fatty3fun; thrilling; highly entertaining4he/she (colloquial, impolite)5starchy tuber; tuberous crop6fat; grease7creamy; rich (texture/taste)ล้มlómล้มlóm1to fall; topple2to collapse; fail3[to] knock down; fell4[to] cancel; scrap; scuttle5[to] overthrow; topple
Don’t pile the books on the table; they might topple.
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แม่mɛ̂ɛบอกให้bɔ̀ɔk-hâiเราraoสุมsǔmของบริจาคkɔ̌ɔng-bɔɔ-rí-jàakไว้wáiมุมmumห้องhɔ̂ngก่อนgɔ̀ɔnคัดแยกkát-yɛ̂ɛk
Mom told us to pile the donations in the corner before sorting.
ระหว่างrá-wàangย้ายบ้านyáai bâanเราraoต้องdtôngสุมsumกล่องglòngให้hâiเป็นชั้นๆbpen chán chánอย่างระวังyàang rá-wangเพื่อpêuuaประหยัดbprà-yàtพื้นที่púen têe
While moving, we have to stack the boxes in careful piles to save space.
2VerbB1
[to] add fuel; stoke (a fire)
To add fuel or material to a fire to make it burn more.
Examples
ป้าbpâaป้าbpâa1aunt (older sister of father or mother)2auntie; middle‑aged/older woman (address)สุมsǔmสุมsǔm1[to] pile up; heap2[to] add fuel; stoke (a fire)3[to] crowd around; gather densely4[to] add to; fuel (trouble/feeling)ฟืนfʉʉnฟืนfʉʉnfirewoodเพิ่มpə̂əmเพิ่มpə̂əm1[to] increase; add2additional; more3more; extraให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3[to] have [sb] do; cause to4for (benefit of)5so that; in order to6until; to the point that (result)ไฟแรงfai-rɛɛngไฟแรงfai-rɛɛng1high flame; strong heat (cooking)2highly driven; energetic; ambitious3high-powered; high wattageขึ้นkʉ̂nขึ้นkʉ̂n1[to] go up; rise; ascend2[to] increase3[to] board; get on4result complement: upward/better5postverbal particle: onset or occurrence6[to] sprout; grow; appear7northward/up-countryก่อนgɔ̀ɔnก่อนgɔ̀ɔn1before; earlier; previously; first2previous; prior; formerตั้งdtângตั้งdtâng1[to] place upright; stand; erect2as much as; as many as3[to] set up; establish; found4[to] appoint; nominate5[to] set; fix (value, rule, goal)6stack; pile; bundle7[to] aim; focus (eyes, mind)8[to] allocate; earmark (funds)9classifier: stacks; pilesหม้อแกงmɔ̂ɔ-gɛɛngหม้อแกงmɔ̂ɔ-gɛɛng1curry pot2Thai custard dessert
Auntie added more firewood to make the fire stronger before putting on the curry pot.
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ชาวบ้านchaao-bâanช่วยกันchûuai-ganสุมsǔmกิ่งไม้gìng-máaiแห้งhɛ̂ɛngเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiกองไฟgɔɔng-faiลุกlúkต่อเนื่องdtɔ̀ɔ-nʉ̂ʉangทั้งคืนtáng-kʉʉn
Villagers helped add dry branches so the bonfire would burn continuously through the night.
ถ้าtâaจะjàย่างyâangปลาbplaaให้hâiสุกไวsùk-waiต้องdtɔ̂ngสุมsǔmถ่านtàanให้hâiแดงdɛɛngก่อนgɔ̀ɔnค่อยkɔ̂iวางwaangตะแกรงdtà-grɛɛng
If you want to grill fish quickly, you must heap on charcoal until it's glowing before placing the grill.
เขาkăoค่อยkôiๆ-สุมsumเชื้อchéuuaจากjàakใบไม้bai máaiและláeเศษไม้sèt máiเล็กlékๆ-จนjonเกิดgèrtไออุ่นai ùnสม่ำเสมอsà-màm-sà-mĕrสำหรับsăm-ràpต้มdtômชาchaa
He gradually added fuel from leaves and small wood scraps until a steady warmth was produced for boiling tea.
3VerbB2
[to] crowd around; gather densely
To gather or press together in large numbers; to cluster around something or someone.
Examples
แฟนบอลfɛɛn-bɔnแฟนบอลfɛɛn-bɔnfootball/soccer fanสุมsǔmสุมsǔm1[to] pile up; heap2[to] add fuel; stoke (a fire)3[to] crowd around; gather densely4[to] add to; fuel (trouble/feeling)กันganกันgan1together; together with2each other; one another (post-verb marker)3[to] prevent; keep [sth] out; ward off; block4protective; resistant to; -proof5I; me (informal, male speech)6[to] set aside; reserve; earmarkหน้าเวทีnâa-wee-tiiหน้าเวทีnâa-wee-tiifront of the stageเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaเพื่อpʉ̂ʉa1for; in order to2for the sake of; on behalf ofรอถ่ายrɔɔ-tàaiรอถ่ายrɔɔ-tàai1[to] wait to shoot (photo/video); be waiting to be photographed/filmed2[to] wait to have a bowel movementรูปrûupรูปrûup1picture; photo; image2shape; form; figure3physique; body shape4statue; sculpted image; figure5grammatical formกับgàpกับgàp1with; together with2and (informal)3side dish; accompaniment4against; versus5to; toward (recipient/target)6classifier: sets/pairs (spoon and fork)นักเตะnák-dtèนักเตะnák-dtèfootballer; soccer player
Fans clustered in front of the stage to wait to take photos with the players.
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Reporters gathered around the governor to request an interview.
ทันทีtan-tiiที่ประตูtîi-bprà-dtuuเปิดbpə̀ətผู้โดยสารpûu-dooi-sǎanก็gɔ̂สุมsǔmเข้าไปkâo-bpaiที่tîiทางออกtaang-ɔ̀ɔkอย่างเร่งรีบyàang-rêng-rîip
As soon as the door opened, passengers pressed toward the exit in a rush.
ฝูงชนfǔung-chonสุมsǔmล้อมlɔ́ɔmนักร้องnák-rɔ́ɔngดังdangจนjonเจ้าหน้าที่jâao-nâa-tîiต้องdtɔ̂ngกันganพื้นที่pʉ́ʉn-tîi
The crowd clustered around the famous singer so much that officials had to cordon off the area.
4VerbB2
[to] add to; fuel (trouble/feeling)
To add to or make a problem or emotion worse, as if piling fuel on it; to exacerbate.
Examples
อย่าyàaอย่าyàadon’t; do not (negative imperative)พูดpûutพูดpûut1[to] speak; talk2[to] say; speak3[to] tell; talk aboutประชดbprà-chótประชดbprà-chót1[to] be sarcastic; [to] say/do sarcastically2[to] do sth sarcastically; [to] act out of spite3sarcastic remark; sarcasmตอนนี้dtɔɔn-níiตอนนี้dtɔɔn-níi1now; at the moment2this time/this moment (time noun)เลยləəiเลยləəi1at all; whatsoever (often in negatives)2so; thus; then (immediate result)3completely; absolutely (emphasis)4[to] pass; go beyond; exceedมันmanมันman1it (thing/animal)2greasy; oily; fatty3fun; thrilling; highly entertaining4he/she (colloquial, impolite)5starchy tuber; tuberous crop6fat; grease7creamy; rich (texture/taste)จะjàจะjà1will; shall (future/intention marker)2about to; going to (near future, often w/ กำลังจะ)3will; would (in conditional results)สุมsǔmสุมsǔm1[to] pile up; heap2[to] add fuel; stoke (a fire)3[to] crowd around; gather densely4[to] add to; fuel (trouble/feeling)ความเครียดkwaam-krîiatความเครียดkwaam-krîiat1stress; mental strain2strain (mechanics)3physiological stress; biological stressของเขาkɔ̌ɔng-kǎoของเขาkɔ̌ɔng-kǎohis; hers; theirsให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3[to] have [sb] do; cause to4for (benefit of)5so that; in order to6until; to the point that (result)หนักขึ้นnàk-kʉ̂nหนักขึ้นnàk-kʉ̂nmore severely; more heavily; worse (comparative)
Don't be sarcastic now; it will only pile on and worsen his stress.
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การgaanดราม่าdraa-mâaในnaiโซเชียลsoo-chiianยิ่งyîngสุมsǔmปัญหาbpan-hǎaในnaiทีมtiimทำให้tam-hâiคุยกันkui-ganยากyâakกว่าgwàaเดิมdəəm
The drama on social media adds fuel to the team's problems, making it harder to talk.
แทนที่จะtɛɛn-tîi-jàช่วยchûuaiแก้ไขgɛ̂ɛ-kǎiเธอtəəกลับglàpสุมsǔmความเข้าใจผิดkwaam-kâo-jai-pìtด้วยdûuaiข่าวลือkàao-lʉʉที่tîiยังyangไม่mâiตรวจสอบdtrùuat-sɔ̀ɔp
Instead of helping to fix things, she exacerbated the misunderstanding with unverified rumors.
การตัดgaan-dtàtงบngópกะทันหันgà-tan-hǎnยิ่งyîngสุมsǔmความไม่พอใจkwaam-mâi-pɔɔ-jaiของkɔ̌ɔngพนักงานpá-nák-ngaanที่tîiสะสมsà-sǒmมานานmaa-naan
The sudden budget cuts further exacerbated the employees' long-standing dissatisfaction.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classHigh class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ม, a sonorant, so it is live.
High class consonants
ขฃฉฐถผฝศษสห
Result
Rising tone
sǔm
Dips low first, then rises clearly.
High class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Rising
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |