ถม
tǒmMeanings
[to] fill (with earth; landfill)
to fill an area with soil, sand, or other material, especially to raise the ground level or reclaim land
Examples
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abundant; in abundance
existing in great quantity; plentiful (often in set phrases like มีถมไป)
Examples
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niello; nielloware
A black compound inlaid into engraved metal, especially silver or gold, to create decorative designs; also metalware decorated by this technique.
Examples
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[to] heap up; pile up
to accumulate or pile into a heap, often of soil, sand, or similar material; to heap up
Examples
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Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classHigh class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ม, a sonorant, so it is live.
High class consonants
ขฃฉฐถผฝศษสห
Result
Rising tone
tǒm
Dips low first, then rises clearly.
High class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Rising
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |