ลงแขก
long-kɛ̀ɛkMeanings
1VerbB2
[to] do communal labor
To work together in a group to help with tasks (traditionally farm work), often by taking turns among households.
Examples
สมัยก่อนsà-mǎi-gɔ̀ɔnสมัยก่อนsà-mǎi-gɔ̀ɔn1formerly; in the past; back then2the old days; former timesชาวนาchaao-naaชาวนาchaao-naarice farmerจะjàจะjà1will; shall (future/intention marker)2about to; going to (near future, often w/ กำลังจะ)3will; would (in conditional results)ลงแขกlong-kɛ̀ɛkลงแขกlong-kɛ̀ɛk1[to] do communal labor2communal labor gathering3[to] gang-rapeเกี่ยวข้าวgìiao-kâaoเกี่ยวข้าวgìiao-kâao[to] harvest riceกันganกันgan1together; together with2each other; one another (post-verb marker)3[to] prevent; keep [sth] out; ward off; block4protective; resistant to; -proof5I; me (informal, male speech)6[to] set aside; reserve; earmarkคือkʉʉคือkʉʉ1to be (definition/identification)2namely; that is; i.e.ช่วยกันchûuai-ganช่วยกันchûuai-gan[to] help each other; cooperateเก็บเกี่ยวgèp-gìiaoเก็บเกี่ยวgèp-gìiao1[to] harvest (crops)2[to] reap benefits; gain resultsทีละtii-láทีละtii-láone at a time; each; perนาnaaนาnaapaddy field; rice fieldสลับกันไปsà-làp-gan-bpaiสลับกันไปsà-làp-gan-bpaialternately; taking turns
In the past, farmers would help each other harvest rice, meaning they would help harvest one field at a time, taking turns.
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ตอนdtɔɔnปู่bpùuสร้างsâangบ้านbâanเพื่อนบ้านpʉ̂ʉan-bâanก็gɔ̂มาช่วยmaa-chûuaiกันganลงแขกlong-kɛ̀ɛkพอpɔɔเสร็จsètบ้านbâanนี้níiก็gɔ̂จะjàไปbpaiช่วยchûuaiบ้านbâanถัดไปtàt-bpai
When my grandpa built his house, the neighbors came to help each other out; once this house was finished, they would go help the next one.
ประเพณีbprà-pee-niiการลงแขกgaan-long-kɛ̀ɛkสะท้อนให้เห็นถึงsà-tɔ́ɔn-hâi-hěn-tʉ̌ngความสามัคคีkwaam-sǎa-mák-kiiในnaiชุมชนchum-chonที่tîiทุกคนtúk-konจะjàช่วยเหลือchûuai-lʉ̌ʉaกันganโดยdooiไม่mâiหวังwǎngค่าจ้างkâa-jâangเพราะprɔ́รู้rúuว่าwâaเมื่อmʉ̂ʉaถึงคราวtʉ̌ng-kraaoของkɔ̌ɔngตนdtonก็gɔ̂จะได้jà-dâaiรับrápความช่วยเหลือkwaam-chûuai-lʉ̌ʉaกลับคืนglàp-kʉʉn
The tradition of 'long khaek' reflects the unity in the community, where everyone helps each other without expecting payment, knowing that when their turn comes, they will receive help in return.
ปัจจุบันbpàt-jù-banการลงgaan-longแขกkɛ̀ɛkทำนาtam-naaหาดูhǎa-duuได้dâaiยากyâakขึ้นkʉ̂nเพราะprɔ́คนส่วนใหญ่kon-sùuan-yàiหันไปhǎn-bpaiใช้แรงงานchái-rɛɛng-ngaanจ้างjâangแทนtɛɛnการพึ่งพาอาศัยgaan-pʉ̂ng-paa-aa-sǎiกันganแบบbɛ̀ɛpในอดีตnai-à-dìit
Nowadays, the practice of 'long khaek' for farming is harder to see because most people have turned to using hired labor instead of relying on mutual help like in the past.
2NounB2
communal labor gathering
A work party where community members gather to help with tasks such as planting or harvesting.
Examples
พรุ่งนี้prûng-níiพรุ่งนี้prûng-níi1tomorrow (the day after today)2tomorrow; on the day after todayจะมีjà-miiจะมีjà-miithere will be; [to] have (in the future)งานngaanงานngaan1work; job; employment2task; assignment; duty3event; fair; function4work (product); creation5unit (classifier) for events6work (physics)7ngan (land unit: 400 m², a quarter of a rai)ลงแขกlong-kɛ̀ɛkลงแขกlong-kɛ̀ɛk1[to] do communal labor2communal labor gathering3[to] gang-rapeเกี่ยวข้าวgìiao-kâaoเกี่ยวข้าวgìiao-kâao[to] harvest riceที่นาtîi-naaที่นาtîi-naarice field; paddy fieldของkɔ̌ɔngของkɔ̌ɔng1of; belonging to2thing; item; stuffลุงบุญlung-bunลุงบุญlung-bun'Uncle Boon'; a respectful term for an older man named Boon.ทุกคนtúk-konทุกคนtúk-koneveryone; everybodyในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)หมู่บ้านmùu-bâanหมู่บ้านmùu-bâan1village; hamlet2housing estate; gated communityจะjàจะjà1will; shall (future/intention marker)2about to; going to (near future, often w/ กำลังจะ)3will; would (in conditional results)ไปbpaiไปbpai1[to] go2away; off (directional complement/particle)3on; onward; continuously (aspect marker)4(aspect) completed; already past5too; excessivelyช่วยกันchûuai-ganช่วยกันchûuai-gan[to] help each other; cooperate
Tomorrow there will be a rice harvesting party at Uncle Boon's field. Everyone in the village will go to help.
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หลังจากlǎng-jàakงานngaanลงแขกlong-kɛ̀ɛkเสร็จsètเจ้าของjâao-kɔ̌ɔngนาnaaมักจะmák-jàทำอาหารtam-aa-hǎanเลี้ยงlíiangทุกคนtúk-konที่มาtîi-maaช่วยงานchûuai-ngaan
After the work party is finished, the field owner usually prepares food to treat everyone who came to help.
การลงgaan-longแขกkɛ̀ɛkไม่ได้mâi-dâaiเป็นเพียงbpen-piiangการทำงานร่วมกันgaan-tam-ngaan-rûuam-ganแต่ยังdtɛ̀ɛ-yangเป็นbpenโอกาสoo-gàatทางสังคมtaang-sǎng-komที่tîiเต็มไปด้วยdtem-bpai-dûuaiเสียงเพลงsǐiang-pleengและlɛ́การพูดคุยgaan-pûut-kuiซึ่งsʉ̂ngช่วยchûuaiกระชับgrà-chápความสัมพันธ์kwaam-sǎm-panของkɔ̌ɔngคนkonในnaiชุมชนchum-chon
The 'long khaek' was not just about working together, but also a social occasion filled with music and conversation, which helped strengthen community bonds.
แม้mɛ́ɛเครื่องจักรกลkrʉ̂ʉang-jàk-gonจะjàลดlótความจำเป็นkwaam-jam-bpenในnaiการgaanใช้แรงงานchái-rɛɛng-ngaanคนkonแต่dtɛ̀ɛบางbaangชุมชนchum-chonก็gɔ̂พยายามpá-yaa-yaamจัดงานjàt-ngaanลงแขกlong-kɛ̀ɛkเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaสืบสานsʉ̀ʉp-sǎanวัฒนธรรมwát-tá-ná-tamและlɛ́สอนsɔ̌ɔnให้hâiคนรุ่นใหม่kon-rûn-màiรู้จักrúu-jàkการร่วมแรงร่วมใจgaan-rûuam-rɛɛng-rûuam-jai
Even though machinery has reduced the need for manual labor, some communities try to organize 'long khaek' events to preserve the culture and teach the new generation about cooperation.
3VerbC1
[to] gang-rape
To sexually assault a person by a group; a vulgar, strongly negative sense.
Examples
ข่าวkàaoข่าวkàao1news; news report2rumor; hearsayเตือนภัยdtʉʉan-paiเตือนภัยdtʉʉan-pai[to] warn of danger; issue an alertผู้หญิงpûu-yǐngผู้หญิงpûu-yǐng1woman; girl; female person2women's; female (as modifier)ให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3to; for [sb] (recipient)4[to] have [sb] do; cause to5for (benefit of)6so that; in order to7until; to the point that (result)ระวังตัวrá-wang-dtuuaระวังตัวrá-wang-dtuua[to] be careful; be on one’s guardเพราะprɔ́เพราะprɔ́1because2because of; due to3melodious; pleasant-soundingมีmiiมีmii1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoแก๊งวัยรุ่นgɛ́ng-wai-rûnแก๊งวัยรุ่นgɛ́ng-wai-rûnyouth gang; teenage gangที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerชอบchɔ̂ɔpชอบchɔ̂ɔp1[to] like; be fond of2tend to; usually3be proper; be fitting (formal)ฉุดchùtฉุดchùt1[to] yank; drag (by force)2[to] abduct; carry off by force3[to] hold [sb/sth] back; hinder (figurative)คนkonคนkon1person; human2classifier: people3[to] stir; mix by stirringไปbpaiไปbpai1[to] go2away; off (directional complement/particle)3on; onward; continuously (aspect marker)4(aspect) completed; already past5too; excessivelyลงแขกlong-kɛ̀ɛkลงแขกlong-kɛ̀ɛk1[to] do communal labor2communal labor gathering3[to] gang-rape
The news warned women to be careful because there's a teenage gang that likes to abduct people for group sexual assault.
3 more examplesShow less
ศาลsǎanพิพากษาpí-pâak-sǎaจำคุกjam-kúkตลอดชีวิตdtà-lɔ̀ɔt-chii-wítจำเลยjam-ləəiในnaiข้อหาkɔ̂ɔ-hǎaลักพาตัวlák-paa-dtuuaและlɛ́ร่วมกันrûuam-ganลงแขกlong-kɛ̀ɛkผู้เสียหายpûu-sǐia-hǎaiจนjonถึงแก่ความตายtʉ̌ng-gɛ̀ɛ-kwaam-dtaai
The court sentenced the defendants to life imprisonment on charges of abduction and collectively gang-raping the victim, resulting in her death.
อาชญากรรมàat-chá-yaa-gamสะเทือนขวัญsà-tʉʉan-kwǎnอย่างyàangการลงgaan-longแขกkɛ̀ɛkมักmákมีmiiรากฐานrâak-tǎanมาจากmaa-jàakจิตวิทยามวลชนjìt-dtà-wít-tá-yaa-muuan-chonที่tîiบิดเบี้ยวbìt-bîiaoและlɛ́ค่านิยมkâa-ní-yomชายchaaiเป็นใหญ่bpen-yàiที่tîiผิดเพี้ยนpìt-píianซึ่งsʉ̂ngผู้กระทำผิดpûu-grà-tam-pìtจะjàลดทอนlót-tɔɔnความเป็นมนุษย์kwaam-bpen-má-nútของkɔ̌ɔngเหยื่อyʉ̀ʉa
The horrific crime of 'long khaek' is often rooted in distorted mob psychology and twisted patriarchal values, in which the perpetrators dehumanize their victim.
การใช้คำgaan-chái-kamว่าwâaลงแขกlong-kɛ̀ɛkอย่างyàangพร่ำเพรื่อprâm-prʉ̂ʉaในnaiสื่อsʉ̀ʉเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaบรรยายban-yaaiการกระทำgaan-grà-tamอันanเลวร้ายleeo-ráaiเช่นนี้chên-níiกลับกลายเป็นglàp-glaai-bpenการทำให้gaan-tam-hâiความรุนแรงkwaam-run-rɛɛngดูเป็นduu-bpenเรื่องปกติrʉ̂ʉang-bpòk-gà-dtìและlɛ́ลดทอนlót-tɔɔnความทุกข์ทรมานkwaam-túk-tɔɔ-rá-maanของkɔ̌ɔngเหยื่อyʉ̀ʉaโดยไม่ตั้งใจdooi-mâi-dtâng-jai
The indiscriminate use of the term 'long khaek' in the media to describe such a heinous act inadvertently normalizes the violence and trivializes the victim's suffering.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ง, a sonorant, so it is live.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
Mid tone
long
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Low class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |
Word Breakdown
ลงlongลงlong1[to] go down; descend2[to] get off (vehicle)3down; downstream4[to] put; apply; record5[to] decrease; go down6[to] land; alight7southward; down-country8[to] publish; post [sth] online[to] go down; descendPart 1
+
ลงแขกlong-kɛ̀ɛkลงแขกlong-kɛ̀ɛk[to] do communal labor[to] do communal laborWord