บทตั้ง
bòt-dtângMeanings
1NounB2
word or passage to be explained; dictionary headword
A word, phrase, or passage presented for explanation, such as the word at the start of a dictionary entry.
Examples
ครูkruuครูkruu1teacher2master; mentor (respectful)3classifier: คน; ท่าน (respectful)ให้เราhâi-raoให้เราhâi-rao1[to] give us; [to] give me2for us; for me3let us; allow me/usอ่านàanอ่านàan1[to] read2[to] read aloud; pronounce3[to] interpret; make sense of4[to] read data (computing)บทตั้งbòt-dtângบทตั้งbòt-dtâng1word or passage to be explained; dictionary headword2premise3lemma (mathematics)ในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)พจนานุกรมpót-jà-naa-nú-gromพจนานุกรมpót-jà-naa-nú-gromdictionaryก่อนgɔ̀ɔnก่อนgɔ̀ɔn1before; earlier; previously; first2previous; prior; formerแล้วจึงlɛ́ɛo-jʉngแล้วจึงlɛ́ɛo-jʉngthen; and then; only thenอ่านàanอ่านàan1[to] read2[to] read aloud; pronounce3[to] interpret; make sense of4[to] read data (computing)คำอธิบายkam-à-tí-baaiคำอธิบายkam-à-tí-baai1explanation; clarification2explanatory note; caption; legend; descriptionความหมายkwaam-mǎaiความหมายkwaam-mǎai1meaning; sense; definition2significance; implication
The teacher asked us to read the dictionary headword first, then read its definition.
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ในnaiพจนานุกรมpót-jà-naa-nú-gromเล่มlêmนี้níiบทตั้งbòt-dtângพิมพ์pimด้วยdûuaiตัวหนาdtuua-nǎaส่วนsùuanคำอธิบายkam-à-tí-baaiใช้cháiตัวdtuuaธรรมดาtam-má-daa
In this dictionary, the headwords are printed in bold, while the definitions are in regular type.
บทตั้งbòt-dtângในnaiพจนานุกรมpót-jà-naa-nú-gromฉบับchà-bàpนี้níiจัดเรียงjàt-riiangตามตัวอักษรdtaam-dtuua-àk-sɔ̌ɔnเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiผู้อ่านpûu-àanค้นหาkón-hǎaคำkamและlɛ́อ่านàanคำอธิบายkam-à-tí-baaiความหมายkwaam-mǎaiได้dâaiสะดวกsà-dùuak
The headwords in this dictionary are arranged alphabetically so that readers can easily find words and read their definitions.
ในnaiการอธิบายgaan-à-tí-baaiสุภาษิตsù-paa-sìtผู้เขียนpûu-kǐianยกyókข้อความkɔ̂ɔ-kwaamว่าwâaน้ำขึ้นให้รีบตักnáam-kʉ̂n-hâi-rîip-dtàkเป็นbpenบทตั้งbòt-dtângแล้วจึงlɛ́ɛo-jʉngอธิบายà-tí-baaiว่าwâaควรkuuanรีบrîipคว้าkwáaโอกาสoo-gàatเมื่อmʉ̂ʉaมีmiiจังหวะjang-wàเหมาะสมmɔ̀-sǒm
To explain the proverb, the writer presents “Scoop up water while the tide is high” as the text to be explained, then explains that one should seize an opportunity when the time is right.
2NounB2
premise
A statement used as a starting point for an argument or logical inference.
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillใช้cháiใช้chái1[to] use; employ2[to] spend (money); pay; expend3[to] require; take (time/effort/amount)4[to] tell [sb] to do [sth]; assign; orderข้อความkɔ̂ɔ-kwaamข้อความkɔ̂ɔ-kwaam1message; text2statement; contentว่าwâaว่าwâa1[to] say; tell2that (clause marker)3[to] think; consider; deem4[to] scold; reproach; criticizeทุกคนtúk-konทุกคนtúk-koneveryone; everybodyต้องdtɔ̂ngต้องdtɔ̂ng1must; have to2must; bound toทำตามtam-dtaamทำตามtam-dtaam1follow; comply; obey2[to] imitate [sb]; copy; do likewise3conform to; follow a modelกฎgòtกฎgòt1rule; regulation2law (scientific/natural); principleเป็นbpenเป็นbpen1to be (identity/category/state)2to become3[to] know how; be able to (skill)4alive; living5[to] have; suffer from; be in (a condition)บทตั้งbòt-dtângบทตั้งbòt-dtâng1word or passage to be explained; dictionary headword2premise3lemma (mathematics)แล้วlɛ́ɛoแล้วlɛ́ɛo1already; now (as of this point)2then; and then; after that3already; completed-action marker4and; and then (linking clauses)สรุปว่าsà-rùp-wâaสรุปว่าsà-rùp-wâain conclusion; to sum upหัวหน้าhǔua-nâaหัวหน้าhǔua-nâa1boss; supervisor2leader; chiefก็gɔ̂ก็gɔ̂1also; too2then; so (sequence/result)3conditional marker (if… then…)4well; after all (emphasis/justification)5topic/resumption markerต้องdtɔ̂ngต้องdtɔ̂ng1must; have to2must; bound toทำตามtam-dtaamทำตามtam-dtaam1follow; comply; obey2[to] imitate [sb]; copy; do likewise3conform to; follow a modelกฎgòtกฎgòt1rule; regulation2law (scientific/natural); principleด้วยdûuaiด้วยdûuai1with; together with2also; too; as well3by; by means of; using4because of; due to5because; since (formal/literary)6request particle; please; too
He uses the statement “Everyone must follow the rules” as a premise, then concludes that the boss must follow them too.
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บทตั้งbòt-dtângในnaiการให้เหตุผลgaan-hâi-hèet-pǒnนี้níiคือkʉʉร้านráanปิดbpìtทุกtúkวันจันทร์wan-janดังนั้นdang-nánถ้าtâaวันนี้wan-níiเป็นbpenวันจันทร์wan-janร้านráanก็gɔ̂ปิดbpìt
The premise of this argument is “The shop is closed every Monday,” so if today is Monday, the shop is closed.
แม้mɛ́ɛข้อสรุปkɔ̂ɔ-sà-rùpจะjàดูสมเหตุสมผลduu-sǒm-hèet-sǒm-pǒnแต่dtɛ̀ɛเราraoยังyangต้องdtɔ̂ngตรวจสอบdtrùuat-sɔ̀ɔpว่าwâaบทตั้งbòt-dtângที่tîiใช้cháiเป็นbpenฐานtǎanในnaiการให้เหตุผลgaan-hâi-hèet-pǒnนั้นnánเป็นจริงbpen-jingหรือไม่rʉ̌ʉ-mâi
Although the conclusion seems reasonable, we still need to check whether the premises underlying the reasoning are true.
การโต้แย้งgaan-dtôo-yɛ́ɛngของเขาkɔ̌ɔng-kǎoเริ่มrə̂əmจากjàakบทตั้งbòt-dtângที่ว่าtîi-wâaเสรีภาพsěe-rii-pâapต้องdtɔ̂ngมาพร้อมmaa-prɔ́ɔmความรับผิดชอบkwaam-ráp-pìt-chɔ̂ɔpจึงjʉngนำไปสู่nam-bpai-sùuข้อสรุปkɔ̂ɔ-sà-rùpว่าwâaทุกคนtúk-konควรkuuanคำนึงถึงkam-nʉng-tʉ̌ngผลกระทบpǒn-grà-tópต่อdtɔ̀ɔผู้อื่นpûu-ʉ̀ʉn
His argument starts from the premise that freedom must come with responsibility, leading to the conclusion that everyone should consider their impact on others.
3NounC1
lemma (mathematics)
A proved mathematical statement used to establish another result, especially a theorem.
Examples
เราraoเราrao1we; us2I; me (informal/regional)พิสูจน์pí-sùutพิสูจน์pí-sùut1[to] test; [to] try out2[to] prove; [to] verifyบทตั้งbòt-dtângบทตั้งbòt-dtâng1word or passage to be explained; dictionary headword2premise3lemma (mathematics)นี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)แล้วlɛ́ɛoแล้วlɛ́ɛo1already; now (as of this point)2then; and then; after that3already; completed-action marker4and; and then (linking clauses)และlɛ́และlɛ́and (coordinating)จะjàจะjà1will; shall (future/intention marker)2about to; going to (near future, often w/ กำลังจะ)3will; would (in conditional results)นำไปใช้nam-bpai-cháiนำไปใช้nam-bpai-chái[to] apply; [to] implement [sth]พิสูจน์pí-sùutพิสูจน์pí-sùut1[to] test; [to] try out2[to] prove; [to] verifyทฤษฎีบทtrít-sà-dii-bòtทฤษฎีบทtrít-sà-dii-bòttheorem (proved proposition)ต่อไปdtɔ̀ɔ-bpaiต่อไปdtɔ̀ɔ-bpai1on; further (continue doing sth)2next; following (in order)3from now on; henceforth4next; subsequent
We have proved this lemma and will use it to prove the next theorem.
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ก่อนจะgòn jàพิสูจน์pì-sòotทฤษฎีบทหลักtrít-sà-dee bòt làkเราraoต้องdtôngพิสูจน์pì-sòotบทตั้งbòt dtângที่têeช่วยchûuaiลดlótปัญหาbpan-hăaให้hâiเหลือlĕuuaกรณีgà-rá-neeง่ายngâaiๆ-ก่อนgòn
Before proving the main theorem, we first need to prove a lemma that reduces the problem to simpler cases.
เมื่อmʉ̂ʉaพิสูจน์pí-sùutบทตั้งbòt-dtângว่าwâaลำดับlam-dàpจำนวนจริงjam-nuuan-jingที่tîiเพิ่มpə̂əmและlɛ́มีขอบเขตmii-kɔ̀ɔp-kèetบนbonย่อมyɔ̂mลู่เข้าlûu-kâoได้แล้วdâai-lɛ́ɛoการพิสูจน์gaan-pí-sùutทฤษฎีบทหลักtrít-sà-dii-bòt-làkก็gɔ̂เหลือlʉ̌ʉaเพียงpiiangการตรวจสอบgaan-dtrùuat-sɔ̀ɔpว่าwâaลำดับที่lam-dàp-tîiสร้างขึ้นsâang-kʉ̂nสอดคล้องกับsɔ̀ɔt-klɔ́ɔng-gàpเงื่อนไขngʉ̂ʉan-kǎiดังกล่าวdang-glàao
Once we have proved the lemma that an increasing sequence of real numbers bounded above converges, proving the main theorem only requires checking that the constructed sequence satisfies those conditions.
บทตั้งbòt-dtângที่tîiพิสูจน์pí-sùutไว้wáiข้างต้นkâang-dtônมิได้เป็นmí-dâai-bpenข้อสรุปkɔ̂ɔ-sà-rùpหลักlàkของkɔ̌ɔngงานngaanนี้níiหากแต่hàak-dtɛ̀ɛเป็นbpenเครื่องมือkrʉ̂ʉang-mʉʉสำคัญsǎm-kanในnaiการเชื่อมgaan-chʉ̂ʉamสมมติฐานsǒm-mót-dtì-tǎanเรื่องrʉ̂ʉangความต่อเนื่องkwaam-dtɔ̀ɔ-nʉ̂ʉangเข้ากับkâo-gàpผลpǒnที่ต้องการtîi-dtɔ̂ng-gaanพิสูจน์pí-sùut
The lemma proved above is not the main conclusion of this work, but rather an essential tool for connecting the continuity assumption to the result we wish to prove.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingDead syllableEnds in -ท, a stop, so it is dead.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Low tone
bòt
Starts low and stays low, easing slightly down.
Mid class + No tone mark + Dead syllable → Low
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |
Word Breakdown
+
ตั้งdtângตั้งdtâng1[to] place upright; stand; erect2as much as; as many as3[to] set up; establish; found4[to] appoint; nominate5[to] set; fix (value, rule, goal)6stack; pile; bundle7[to] aim; focus (eyes, mind)8[to] allocate; earmark (funds)9classifier: stacks; piles[to] place upright; stand; erectPart 2
บทตั้งbòt-dtângบทตั้งbòt-dtângword or passage to be explained; dictionary headwordword or passage to be explained; dictionary headwordWord