ข้ออ้าง
kôr âangMeanings
1NounA2
excuse
a reason someone gives to avoid blame or duty, often seen as weak or not entirely true
Examples
รถติดrót dtìtรถติดrót dtìt1traffic jam; congestion2[to] have heavy traffic; be congestedเป็นbpenเป็นbpen1to be (identity/category/state)2to become3[to] know how; be able to (skill)4alive; living5[to] have; suffer from; be in (a condition)ข้ออ้างkôr âangข้ออ้างkôr âang1excuse2pretext3plea; claimed ground (legal)4premise (logic)ของเขาkŏng kăoของเขาkŏng kăohis; hers; theirs
A traffic jam is his excuse.
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He didn't do his homework, so he used the excuse that he was sick.
เธอtəəไม่mâiอยากyàakไปbpaiงานเลี้ยงngaan-líiangเลยləəiหาข้ออ้างhǎa-kɔ̂ɔ-âangว่าwâaต้องdtɔ̂ngไปทำธุระbpai-tam-tú-rá
She didn't want to go to the party, so she found an excuse that she had to run an errand.
เลิกlêrkหาข้ออ้างhăa kô âangได้แล้วdâai láewนะnáถ้าtâaไม่mâiอยากyàakทำtamก็gâwแค่kâeบอกbòkมาmaaตรงๆdtrong dtrong
Stop making excuses. If you don't want to do it, just say so directly.
2NounB2
pretext
a false or invented reason used to hide a real purpose or motive
Examples
เขาkăoเขาkăo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillใช้cháiใช้chái1[to] use; employ2[to] spend (money); pay; expend3[to] require; take (time/effort/amount)4[to] tell [sb] to do [sth]; assign; orderเรื่องงานrêuuang ngaanเรื่องงานrêuuang ngaanwork matters; businessเป็นbpenเป็นbpen1to be (identity/category/state)2to become3[to] know how; be able to (skill)4alive; living5[to] have; suffer from; be in (a condition)ข้ออ้างkôr âangข้ออ้างkôr âang1excuse2pretext3plea; claimed ground (legal)4premise (logic)เพื่อpêuuaเพื่อpêuua1for; in order to2for the sake of; on behalf ofจะได้jà dâaiจะได้jà dâai1so that; in order that; that way2will be able to; get to; come to3then; so (result in instructions/explanations)ไม่ต้องmâi dtôngไม่ต้องmâi dtông1don't have to; no need to2no need to; don't have to; don't3don't; no needไปเจอbpai jerไปเจอbpai jer1[to] go meet [sb]2[to] come across [sb/sth]ครอบครัวkrôp kruuaครอบครัวkrôp kruuafamily; householdของkŏngของkŏng1of; belonging to2thing; item; stuff3property; goodsแฟนfaenแฟนfaen1romantic partner2fan; supporter
He used work as a pretext to avoid meeting his girlfriend's family.
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การประชุมgaan bprà-chumด่วนdùuanเป็นbpenแค่kâeข้ออ้างkôr âangที่têeเขาkăoใช้cháiเพื่อpêuuaจะjàออกจากบ้านòk jàak bâanไปหาbpai hăaเพื่อนpêuuan
The urgent meeting was just an excuse he used to leave the house to see his friends.
เธอterใช้cháiการไปเรียนต่อต่างประเทศgaan bpai riian dtòr dtàang bprà-têetเป็นbpenข้ออ้างkôr âangที่têeสวยหรูsŭuai rŏoเพื่อที่จะpêuua têe jàได้dâiเลิกกับlêrk gàpเขาkăo
She used studying abroad as a noble-sounding pretext to break up with him.
รัฐบาลrát-tà-baanกล่าวว่าglàao wâaการขึ้นgaan kûenภาษีpaa-sĕeเป็นbpenสิ่งจำเป็นsìng jam bpenแต่dtàeหลายคนlăai konเชื่อว่าchêuua wâaมันmanเป็นเพียงbpen piiangข้ออ้างkôr âangเพื่อpêuuaหาผลประโยชน์hăa pŏn bprà-yòtให้hâiพวกพ้องpûuak póng
The government said the tax hike was necessary, but many believe it's merely a pretext to benefit their cronies.
3NounC1
plea; claimed ground (legal)
a point or ground that someone puts forward in argument or in court, often as a defense or excuse
Examples
ในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)ศาลsăanศาลsăan1court (of law)2shrine; spirit houseจำเลยjam loeiจำเลยjam loeidefendantได้dâiได้dâi1okay; sure; agreed2[to] get; obtain; receive3can; [to] be able to; may4[to] manage to; succeed in5actualized-action markerให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3to; for [sb] (recipient)4[to] have [sb] do; cause to5for (benefit of)6so that; in order to7until; to the point that (result)ข้ออ้างkôr âangข้ออ้างkôr âang1excuse2pretext3plea; claimed ground (legal)4premise (logic)ว่าwâaว่าwâa1[to] say; tell2that (clause marker)3[to] think; consider; deem4[to] scold; reproach; criticizeเขาkăoเขาkăo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillทำtamทำtam1[to] do; make2[to] act; behave3[to] cook; prepare food4[to] do; carry out (work)5[to] cause; makeไปbpaiไปbpai1[to] go2away; off (directional complement/particle)3on; onward; continuously (aspect marker)4(aspect) completed; already past5too; excessivelyเพื่อpêuuaเพื่อpêuua1for; in order to2for the sake of; on behalf ofป้องกันตัวbpông-gan dtuuaป้องกันตัวbpông-gan dtuua[to] defend/protect oneself
In court, the defendant made the claim that he acted in self-defense.
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ทนายความtá-naai kwaamได้dâiนำเสนอnam sà-nĕrข้ออ้างkôr âangหลายlăaiประการbprà-gaanเพื่อpêuuaพิสูจน์pì-sòotความบริสุทธิ์kwaam bo-rí-sùtของkŏngลูกความlôok kwaam
The lawyer presented several arguments to prove his client's innocence.
ข้ออ้างkôr âangของkŏngฝ่ายค้านfàai káanในnaiประเด็นbprà-denดังกล่าวdang glàaoขาดน้ำkàat náamหนักnàkและláeไม่มีmâi meeหลักฐานเชิงประจักษ์làk tăan cherng bprà-jàkมาmaaรองรับrong ráp
The opposition's claim on the said issue lacks weight and is not supported by empirical evidence.
ศาลsăanพิเคราะห์pí-kráwแล้วláeoเห็นว่าhĕn wâaข้ออ้างkôr âangที่têeผู้pôoร้องróngหยิบyìpยกขึ้นมาyók kêun maaนั้นnánฟังfangไม่mâiขึ้นkêunจึงjeungมีmeeคำสั่งkam sàngยกyókคำร้องkam róng
After deliberation, the court found the petitioner's claim to be untenable and therefore issued an order to dismiss the petition.
4NounC1
premise (logic)
A statement accepted as a starting point for reasoning and used to reach a conclusion.
Examples
ครูkruuครูkruu1teacher2master; mentor (respectful)ให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3to; for [sb] (recipient)4[to] have [sb] do; cause to5for (benefit of)6so that; in order to7until; to the point that (result)ข้ออ้างkôr âangข้ออ้างkôr âang1excuse2pretext3plea; claimed ground (legal)4premise (logic)สองsŏngสองsŏng1two; 22secondข้อkôข้อkô1item; point; clause2classifier: items/points/clauses/questions3joint (anatomy)4condition; term5node; joint; segment (botany/zoology)คือkeuคือkeu1to be (definition/identification)2namely; that is; i.e.แมวmaeoแมวmaeocatทุกtúkทุกtúk1every; each2every (interval/frequency)ตัวdtuuaตัวdtuua1body; self; person (colloq.)2classifier: animals, garments, furniture, certain items; people (informal)3character; figureเป็นbpenเป็นbpen1to be (identity/category/state)2to become3[to] know how; be able to (skill)4alive; living5[to] have; suffer from; be in (a condition)สัตว์sàtสัตว์sàt1animal (non-human creature)2beast; brute (pejorative)และláeและláeand (coordinating)มะลิmá-líมะลิmá-lí1jasmine (plant/flower)2Mali (female given name)เป็นbpenเป็นbpen1to be (identity/category/state)2to become3[to] know how; be able to (skill)4alive; living5[to] have; suffer from; be in (a condition)แมวmaeoแมวmaeocatเราraoเราrao1we; us2I; me (informal/regional)จึงjeungจึงjeung1therefore; so; thus2only then; then (as a result)สรุปsà-rùpสรุปsà-rùp1summary2[to] summarize; conclude3in summary; to sum upได้dâiได้dâi1okay; sure; agreed2[to] get; obtain; receive3can; [to] be able to; may4[to] manage to; succeed in5actualized-action markerว่าwâaว่าwâa1[to] say; tell2that (clause marker)3[to] think; consider; deem4[to] scold; reproach; criticizeมะลิmá-líมะลิmá-lí1jasmine (plant/flower)2Mali (female given name)เป็นbpenเป็นbpen1to be (identity/category/state)2to become3[to] know how; be able to (skill)4alive; living5[to] have; suffer from; be in (a condition)สัตว์sàtสัตว์sàt1animal (non-human creature)2beast; brute (pejorative)
The teacher gave us two premises: all cats are animals, and Mali is a cat. We can therefore conclude that Mali is an animal.
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ถ้าtâaเราraoยอมรับyom rápข้ออ้างkôr âangที่ว่าtêe wâaทุกคนtúk konมีสิทธิmee sìtเท่าเทียมกันtâo tiiam ganก็gâwต้องdtôngสรุปว่าsà-rùp wâaกฎgòtเดียวกันdiao ganควรkuuanใช้cháiกับgàpทุกคนtúk kon
If we accept the premise that everyone has equal rights, we must conclude that the same rules should apply to everyone.
แม้máeข้ออ้างkôr âangทุกtúkข้อkôจะjàเป็นจริงbpen jingก็gâwไม่ได้mâi dâaiรับประกันráp bprà-ganว่าwâaข้อสรุปkôr sà-rùpจะjàเป็นจริงbpen jingหากhàakโครงสร้างkrohng sâangการให้เหตุผลgaan hâi hèt pŏnไม่ถูกต้องmâi tòok dtông
Even if every premise is true, that does not guarantee a true conclusion if the structure of the reasoning is invalid.
นักปรัชญาnák bpràt-yaaใช้cháiข้ออ้างkôr âangที่ว่าtêe wâaมนุษย์má-nútมีmeeเจตจำนงเสรีjèt-dtà-jam-nong sĕe-reeเป็นbpenจุดตั้งต้นjùt dtâng dtônก่อนจะgòn jàอนุมานà-nú-maanว่าwâaมนุษย์má-nútต้องdtôngรับผิดชอบráp pìt chôpต่อdtòการกระทำgaan grà-tamของkŏngตนdton
The philosopher takes the premise that humans have free will as a starting point, then infers that humans must be responsible for their actions.
Word Breakdown
ข้อkɔ̂ɔข้อkɔ̂ɔ1item; point; clause2classifier: items/points/clauses/questions3joint (anatomy)4condition; term5node; joint; segment (botany/zoology)item; point; clausePart 1
+
อ้างâangอ้างâang1[to] claim; assert2[to] cite; quote; refer to3[to] use as a pretext; justify[to] claim; assertPart 2
ข้ออ้างkôr âangข้ออ้างkôr âangexcuseexcuseWord