ฮ่ม
hômMeanings
1NounB1
umbrella
An umbrella. (Isan/Lao dialect; equivalent to standard Thai ร่มร่มrôm1umbrella; parasol2shady; cool (shaded); protected3shade; shelter).
Examples
ฝนตกfǒn-dtòkฝนตกfǒn-dtòkit is raining; [to] rainแล้วlɛ́ɛoแล้วlɛ́ɛo1already; now (as of this point)2then; and then; after that3already; completed-action marker4and; and then (linking clauses)เอาaoเอาao1[to] take; get; pick2[to] want (request/ordering)3[to] use; employ4[to] bring/take (for use)5marker: adverse consequence6come on; all right; go ahead7[to] have sex (vulgar slang)8auxiliary marking emphasis or resultฮ่มhômฮ่มhôm1umbrella2shade; shelter from the sun3shady; cool4[to] provide shade; to shelterไปด้วยbpai-dûuaiไปด้วยbpai-dûuai1too; as well; also2[to] go along; accompany [sb]3at the same time; concurrentlyเด้อdə̂əเด้อdə̂əsentence-ending particle (Isan/Lao)
It's raining, take an umbrella with you!
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ข่อยkɔ̀ɔiลืมlʉʉmฮ่มhômไว้wáiที่tîiร้านกาแฟráan-gaa-fɛɛเลยləəiต้องdtɔ̂ngวิ่งwîngตากฝนdtàak-fǒnกลับบ้านglàp-bâan
I forgot my umbrella at the coffee shop, so I had to run home in the rain.
แม่mâeบอกให้bòk hâiพกpókฮ่มhômไปด้วยbpai dûuayเพราะpráwแดดdàetแฮงhaengหลายlăaiเดี๋ยวdĭiaoสิบ่sì bòrสบายsà-baai
Mom told me to bring an umbrella because the sun is very strong, otherwise I might get sick.
2NounB1
shade; shelter from the sun
Shade; a cool area sheltered from the sun. (Isan/Lao dialect; equivalent to standard Thai ร่มร่มrôm1umbrella; parasol2shady; cool (shaded); protected3shade; shelter).
Examples
แดดdɛ̀ɛtแดดdɛ̀ɛtsunlight; sunshineฮ้อนhɔ́ɔnฮ้อนhɔ́ɔn1hot; warm (high temperature)2to feel hotไปbpaiไปbpai1[to] go2away; off (directional complement/particle)3on; onward; continuously (aspect marker)4(aspect) completed; already past5too; excessivelyนั่งnângนั่งnâng1[to] sit; sit down2[to] take; ride [sth] (vehicle)ในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)ฮ่มhômฮ่มhôm1umbrella2shade; shelter from the sun3shady; cool4[to] provide shade; to shelterก่อนgɔ̀ɔnก่อนgɔ̀ɔn1before; earlier; previously; first2previous; prior; former
The sun is hot, let's go sit in the shade first.
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ควายkwaaiมักจะmák-jàลงไปlong-bpaiนอนnɔɔnแช่chɛ̂ɛปลักbplàkตอนกลางวันdtɔɔn-glaang-wanเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaคลายร้อนklaai-rɔ́ɔnและlɛ́หาhǎaฮ่มhômพักpák
Buffaloes often go down to lie in the mud puddle during the day to cool off and find shade to rest.
ต้นไม้ใหญ่dtôn-máai-yàiหน้าบ้านnâa-bâanให้hâiฮ่มhômได้ดีdâai-diiพวกเราpûuak-raoเลยləəiชอบchɔ̂ɔpมาmaaตั้งวงdtâng-wongกินข้าวgin-kâaoกันganตรงนี้dtrong-níi
The big tree in front of the house provides good shade, so we like to gather and eat here.
ตอนdtɔɔnไปbpaiเฮ็ดนาhét-naaยามyaamเที่ยงtîiangเพิ่นpə̂ənกะสิgà-sìหาhǎaฮ่มhômไม้máaiเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaพักกินข้าวpák-gin-kâaoและlɛ́หลบlòpแดดdɛ̀ɛtที่tîiแฮงคักhɛɛng-kák
When working in the rice fields, at noon they will find the shade of a tree to rest, eat lunch, and escape the intense sun.
3AdjectiveB1
shady; cool
Being shaded and cool; protected from direct sunlight. (Isan/Lao dialect; equivalent to standard Thai ร่มร่มrôm1umbrella; parasol2shady; cool (shaded); protected3shade; shelter).
Examples
ใต้dtâaiใต้dtâai1under; beneath; below2south (direction)3southern region; the South4south; southern5below; underneath (adverb)6under; subject to (authority/rules)ต้นไม้dtôn-máaiต้นไม้dtôn-máai1tree2plants/greenery (general, esp. woody plants)นี่nîiนี่nîi1this (colloq.)2this; this one (pronoun)3here4here is…; look/listen (attention-getter)5you see; after all (colloq.)ฮ่มhômฮ่มhôm1umbrella2shade; shelter from the sun3shady; cool4[to] provide shade; to shelterดีdiiดีdii1good; of good quality2kind; virtuous3well; nicely4gall; bileนอนเล่นnɔɔn-lênนอนเล่นnɔɔn-lên[to] lounge; lie around for leisureสบายsà-baaiสบายsà-baai1comfortable; at ease2well; fine (health/state)3[to] be comfortable; feel at ease4easy; effortlessเลยləəiเลยləəi1at all; whatsoever (often in negatives)2so; thus; then (immediate result)3completely; absolutely (emphasis)4[to] pass; go beyond; exceed
It's nicely shaded under this tree; it's comfortable to lie down and relax.
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พอporปลูกbplòokต้นไม้dtôn máaiหลายๆlăai lăaiต้นdtônบริเวณbo-rí-waynบ้านbâanก็gâwฮ่มhômขึ้นkêunหลายlăai
After planting many trees, the area around the house became much more shaded.
ข่อยkòiอยากyàakสร้างsâangเฮือนheuanอยู่yòoหม่องmòngที่têeมันmanฮ่มhômๆ-มีmeeลมlomพัดpátตลอดเวลาdtà-lòt way-laa
I want to build a house in a shady spot where there's always a breeze.
วัดป่าwát-bpàaส่วนใหญ่sùuan-yàiจะjàเน้นnénความสงบkwaam-sà-ngòpและlɛ́มีmiiพื้นที่pʉ́ʉn-tîiที่tîiฮ่มhômเย็นyenเหมาะmɔ̀สำหรับsǎm-ràpการปฏิบัติธรรมgaan-bpà-dtì-bàt-tam
Most forest monasteries emphasize tranquility and have areas that are shaded and cool, suitable for dharma practice.
4VerbB1
[to] provide shade; to shelter
To provide shade or shelter, especially from the sun. (Isan/Lao dialect; equivalent to standard Thai ร่มร่มrôm1umbrella; parasol2shady; cool (shaded); protected3shade; shelter).
Examples
ต้นdtônต้นdtôn1tree; plant2beginning; early3origin; source; root cause4stem; trunk; stalk; base5classifier: trees; plants; poles6initial; primary (as prefix)บักม่วงbàk-mûuangบักม่วงbàk-mûuangmango (Isan/Lao)ใหญ่yàiใหญ่yài1big; large2major; important3elder; seniorต้นdtônต้นdtôn1tree; plant2beginning; early3origin; source; root cause4stem; trunk; stalk; base5classifier: trees; plants; poles6initial; primary (as prefix)นั้นnánนั้นnán1that (distal demonstrative)2that one; that thing3(topic-marking or emphatic particle)ฮ่มhômฮ่มhôm1umbrella2shade; shelter from the sun3shady; cool4[to] provide shade; to shelterดีคักdii-kákดีคักdii-kák1very good; excellent (Isan dialect)2great!; awesome!; so good! (Isan dialect)ไปbpaiไปbpai1[to] go2away; off (directional complement/particle)3on; onward; continuously (aspect marker)4(aspect) completed; already past5too; excessivelyนั่งเล่นnâng-lênนั่งเล่นnâng-lên[to] sit and relax; loungeใต้dtâaiใต้dtâai1under; beneath; below2south (direction)3southern region; the South4south; southern5below; underneath (adverb)6under; subject to (authority/rules)ฮ่มhômฮ่มhôm1umbrella2shade; shelter from the sun3shady; cool4[to] provide shade; to shelterมันmanมันman1it (thing/animal)2greasy; oily; fatty3fun; thrilling; highly entertaining4he/she (colloquial, impolite)5starchy tuber; tuberous crop6fat; grease7shiny; glossy8creamy; rich (texture/taste)เถาะtɔ̀เถาะtɔ̀Rabbit (zodiac sign); the Year of the Rabbit
That big mango tree provides great shade. Let's go sit and relax under its shade.
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สถาปัตยกรรมsà-tăa-bpàt-dtà-yá-gamเฮือนheuanอีสานee-săanโบราณboh-raanมักmákออกแบบòk bàepให้hâiมีmeeชายคาchaai kaaยื่นyêunยาวyaaoออกมาòk maaเพื่อpêuuaฮ่มhômบริเวณbo-rí-waynใต้ถุนบ้านdtâi tŭn bâanให้hâiเย็นสบายyen sà-baaiสามารถsăa-mâatใช้cháiเป็นbpenพื้นที่púen têeทำกิจกรรมtam gìt-jà-gamต่างๆdtàang-dtàangได้dâi
Traditional Isan architecture is often designed with long, extended eaves to shade the area under the house, keeping it cool and usable for various activities.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markMai ek
- Syllable endingLive syllableNot needed here: the tone mark decides.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
Falling tone
hôm
Starts high, rises a little, then drops clearly.
Low class + Mai ek → Falling
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |