หมาก
màakMeanings
1NounB1
areca nut (betel nut)
The seed of the areca palm, commonly chewed with betel leaf; also called betel nut.
Examples
ยายyaaiยายyaai1grandmother (maternal)2old woman (informal; can be rude)เคี้ยวหมากkíiao-màakเคี้ยวหมากkíiao-màak[to] chew betel nutกับgàpกับgàp1with; together with2and (informal)3side dish; accompaniment4against; versus5to; toward (recipient/target)6classifier: sets/pairs (spoon and fork)ใบพลูbai-pluuใบพลูbai-pluubetel leafหลังlǎngหลังlǎng1back (of body)2rear; back (part)3behind; at the back of4after; later than5CL: building; house; structureอาหารaa-hǎanอาหารaa-hǎan1food; nourishment2dish; meal3diet; what one eatsเป็นประจำbpen-bprà-jamเป็นประจำbpen-bprà-jamregularly; habitually; routinely
Grandma regularly chews betel nut with betel leaf after meals.
3 more examplesShow less
ในงานบุญnai-ngaan-bunชาวบ้านchaao-bâanวางwaangหมากพลูmàak-pluuถวายtà-wǎaiพระpráเป็นbpenเครื่องบูชาkrʉ̂ʉang-buu-chaa
At the merit-making event, villagers offered betel nut and betel leaves to the monks as offerings.
หมากmàakสดsòtมีรสฝาดmee rót fàatจึงjeungมักmákเคี้ยวkíaoคู่กับkôo gàpปูนแดงbpuun daengและláeใบพลูbai plooให้hâiพอporชุ่มchûmปากbpàak
Fresh betel nut is astringent, so it is often chewed with red lime paste and betel leaf to moisten the mouth.
แม้mɛ́ɛปัจจุบันbpàt-jù-banคนรุ่นใหม่kon-rûn-màiจะjàนิยมní-yomกินหมากgin-màakน้อยลงnɔ́ɔi-longแต่dtɛ̀ɛหมากmàakยังคงyang-kongเป็นส่วนหนึ่งbpen-sùuan-nʉ̀ngของkɔ̌ɔngวิถีชีวิตwí-tǐi-chii-wítผู้สูงอายุpûu-sǔung-aa-yúในnaiชนบทchon-ná-bòt
Even though the new generation prefers eating betel nut less these days, betel nut remains a part of the elderly's way of life in rural areas.
2NounB1
chess piece; game piece
A playing piece used in board games (e.g., chess, checkers, Thai makruk).
Examples
ก่อนgɔ̀ɔnก่อนgɔ̀ɔn1before; earlier; previously; first2previous; prior; formerเริ่มrə̂əmเริ่มrə̂əm1[to] start; begin2[to] start to; begin toเล่นlênเล่นlên1[to] play; have fun2[to] play (game/sport/instrument)3[to] act; perform (role)4casually; for fun (manner marker)5[to] tease; kid; mess with6[to] use; engage in; take up (colloq.)หมากรุกmàak-rúkหมากรุกmàak-rúkchess; makruk (Thai chess)เราraoเราrao1we; us2I; me (informal/regional)วางwaangวางwaang1[to] put; place; set (down)2[to] hang up (the phone); end a call3[to] lay (eggs)4[to] lay out; formulate; establish (plan/policy/system)5[to] set; assign; impose6[to] let go of; relinquish (attachment/prejudice)หมากmàakหมากmàak1areca nut (betel nut)2chess piece; game piece3move; gambit (figurative)4classifier: moves in a board gameให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3[to] have [sb] do; cause to4for (benefit of)5so that; in order to6until; to the point that (result)ครบkrópครบkróp1complete; full; all present2in full; completely3[time] to be complete; to reach the full termทั้งtángทั้งtáng1whole; entire2all3both4altogether; entirelyกระดานgrà-daanกระดานgrà-daan1board; plank2board (blackboard/whiteboard)3game board
Before starting chess, we set up all the pieces on the board.
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He moved a piece forward to protect the king.
ฉันchănชอบchôpเก็บสะสมgèp sà-sŏmหมากmàakไม้máiจากjàakเกมgaymต่างdtàangๆ-เพราะpráwแต่ละdtàe láแบบbàepมีเอกลักษณ์mee èek-gà-lák
I like collecting wooden game pieces because each type has its own character.
ในnaiมักmákรุกrúkไทยtaiหมากmàakบางbaangตัวdtuuaมีบทบาทmii-bòt-bàatเฉพาะที่chà-pɔ́-tîiต้องdtɔ̂ngวางตำแหน่งwaang-dtam-nɛ̀ngให้hâiเหมาะสมmɔ̀-sǒmจึงjʉngจะjàคุมkumพื้นที่pʉ́ʉn-tîiได้dâai
In Thai makruk, certain pieces have specific roles that must be placed appropriately to control the board.
3NounB2
move; gambit (figurative)
A strategic move or ploy in competition, politics, or negotiation.
Examples
การประกาศgaan-bprà-gàatการประกาศgaan-bprà-gàat1announcement; declaration2promulgation; issuance (rules/regulations)3declaration (computing)ยุบสภาyúp-sà-paaยุบสภาyúp-sà-paa[to] dissolve parliamentเป็นbpenเป็นbpen1to be (identity/category/state)2to become3[to] know how; be able to (skill)4[to] have; suffer from; be in (a condition)หมากmàakหมากmàak1areca nut (betel nut)2chess piece; game piece3move; gambit (figurative)4classifier: moves in a board gameที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerทำให้tam-hâiทำให้tam-hâi1[to] make; cause [sb/sth] to [do/be sth]; render2[to] do/make [sth] for [sb]ฝ่ายตรงข้ามfàai-dtrong-kâamฝ่ายตรงข้ามfàai-dtrong-kâamopponent; opposing sideตั้งตัวdtâng-dtuuaตั้งตัวdtâng-dtuua1[to] get established; become self-sufficient2[to] brace oneself; compose oneself3[to] set oneself up as; assume a positionไม่ทันmâi-tanไม่ทันmâi-tan1not in time; too late2[to] miss [sth]; fail to be in time (for [sth])3[to] not keep up (with [sb]/[sth]); be outpaced4[to] not get the chance to (do [sth])
Dissolving the parliament was a move that caught the opposition off guard.
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The manager used a price-cut move to win customers back.
เขาkǎoปล่อยbplɔ̀iข่าวลือkàao-lʉʉเป็นbpenหมากmàakกดดันgòt-danคู่เจรจาkûu-jee-rá-jaaให้hâiยอมตามyɔɔm-dtaamเงื่อนไขngʉ̂ʉan-kǎi
He spread a rumor as a strategic ploy to pressure the negotiating partner to accept the terms.
การเลื่อนgaan-lʉ̂ʉanเปิดbpə̀ətตัวสินค้าdtuua-sǐn-káaเป็นbpenหมากmàakระยะยาวrá-yá-yaaoเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaรอจังหวะrɔɔ-jang-wàที่tîiตลาดdtà-làatพร้อมprɔ́ɔmที่สุดtîi-sùt
Delaying the product launch is a long-term move to wait for the most favorable market timing.
4ClassifierB2
classifier: moves in a board game
A counting unit for moves in board games, also used figuratively for strategic moves.
Examples
เราraoเราrao1we; us2I; me (informal/regional)จะjàจะjà1will; shall (future/intention marker)2about to; going to (near future, often w/ กำลังจะ)3will; would (in conditional results)เล่นlênเล่นlên1[to] play; have fun2[to] play (game/sport/instrument)3[to] act; perform (role)4casually; for fun (manner marker)5[to] tease; kid; mess with6[to] use; engage in; take up (colloq.)หมากรุกmàak-rúkหมากรุกmàak-rúkchess; makruk (Thai chess)กันganกันgan1together; together with2each other; one another (post-verb marker)3[to] prevent; keep [sth] out; ward off; block4protective; resistant to; -proof5I; me (informal, male speech)6[to] set aside; reserve; earmarkไหมmǎiไหมmǎi1yes–no question particle; or not?2silkเอาaoเอาao1[to] take; get; pick2[to] want (request/ordering)3[to] use; employ4[to] bring/take (for use)5marker: adverse consequence6come on; all right; go ahead7[to] have sex (vulgar slang)8auxiliary marking emphasis or resultหมากmàakหมากmàak1areca nut (betel nut)2chess piece; game piece3move; gambit (figurative)4classifier: moves in a board gameแต่ละตัวdtɛ̀ɛ-lá-dtuuaแต่ละตัวdtɛ̀ɛ-lá-dtuuaeach one (for animals, etc.)ออกมาɔ̀ɔk-maaออกมาɔ̀ɔk-maa1[to] come out; emerge2[to] be released; be made public3[to] turn out; end up4[to] come forward; speak outวางwaangวางwaang1[to] put; place; set (down)2[to] hang up (the phone); end a call3[to] lay (eggs)4[to] lay out; formulate; establish (plan/policy/system)5[to] set; assign; impose6[to] let go of; relinquish (attachment/prejudice)บนbonบนbon1on; upon; in; above2upper; top3[to] vow (at a shrine)กระดานgrà-daanกระดานgrà-daan1board; plank2board (blackboard/whiteboard)3game boardก่อนgɔ̀ɔnก่อนgɔ̀ɔn1before; earlier; previously; first2previous; prior; former
Shall we play chess? Take each piece out and place them on the board first.
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ครูkruuบอกว่าbɔ̀ɔk-wâaให้hâiแต่ละdtɛ̀ɛ-láคนkonหยิบyìpหมากmàakคนละkon-láหนึ่งnʉ̀ngตัวdtuuaเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaเริ่มrə̂əmเกมgeem
The teacher said each person should pick one game piece to start the game.
ในnaiการแข่งขันgaan-kɛ̀ng-kǎnครั้งนี้kráng-níiกติกาgà-dtì-gaaกำหนดgam-nòtให้hâiผู้เล่นpûu-lênมีmiiหมากmàakสำรองsǎm-rɔɔngเพียงpiiangสองsɔ̌ɔngตัวdtuuaเท่านั้นtâo-nán
In this competition, the rules specify that players have only two spare pieces.
เขาkǎoวางแผนwaang-pɛ̌ɛnจัดjàtหมากmàakบนbonกระดานgrà-daanอย่างรอบคอบyàang-rɔ̂ɔp-kɔ̂ɔpเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiหมากmàakหลักlàkคุมkumพื้นที่pʉ́ʉn-tîiได้dâaiกว้างgwâangที่สุดtîi-sùt
He carefully arranged the pieces on the board so that the main pieces could control the widest area.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classHigh classLeading หA silent ห before ม puts this syllable in high class.
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingDead syllableEnds in -ก, a stop, so it is dead.
High class consonants
ขฃฉฐถผฝศษสห
Result
Low tone
màak
Starts low and stays low, easing slightly down.
High class + No tone mark + Dead syllable → Low
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |