อาญา
aa-yaaMeanings
1NounB2
criminal; penal (legal)
Relating to crimes and their punishment, as in กฎหมายอาญากฎหมายอาญาgòt-mǎai-aa-yaaCriminal law ‘criminal law’ and ประมวลกฎหมายอาญา ‘Penal Code’.
Examples
คดีká-diiคดีká-diilegal case; lawsuitนี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)อยู่ในyùu-naiอยู่ในyùu-nai[to] be in [somewhere]บังคับbang-kápบังคับbang-káp1[to] force; compel2[to] control; steer; operate3mandatory; compulsory; obligatory4to enforce; to imposeของkɔ̌ɔngของkɔ̌ɔng1of; belonging to2thing; item; stuff3property; goodsกฎหมายอาญาgòt-mǎai-aa-yaaกฎหมายอาญาgòt-mǎai-aa-yaaCriminal lawไม่ใช่mâi-châiไม่ใช่mâi-châi1is/are/am not; not (to be)2no (disagreement/denial)3not (emphatic correction)คดีká-diiคดีká-diilegal case; lawsuitแพ่งpɛ̂ngแพ่งpɛ̂ng1civil (law)2civil law (domain)
This case falls under criminal law, not civil law.
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ตำรวจdtam-rùuatต้องdtɔ̂ngรวบรวมrûuap-ruuamพยานหลักฐานpá-yaan-làk-tǎanให้hâiครบkrópตามdtaamกระบวนการgrà-buuan-gaanอาญาaa-yaa
The police must collect complete evidence according to criminal procedures.
บทลงโทษbòt-long-tôotทางอาญาtaang-aa-yaaมีmiiวัตถุประสงค์wát-tù-bprà-sǒngเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaป้องกันbpɔ̂ng-ganไม่mâiให้เกิดhâi-gə̀ətการกระทำผิดgaan-grà-tam-pìtซ้ำsám
Criminal penalties aim to prevent repeat offenses.
ศาลsǎanวินิจฉัยwí-nít-chǎiโดยdooiอาศัยaa-sǎiหลักlàkกฎหมายอาญาgòt-mǎai-aa-yaaเรื่องrʉ̂ʉangเจตนาjèet-dtà-naaและlɛ́ความรับผิดkwaam-ráp-pìtของkɔ̌ɔngผู้กระทำpûu-grà-tam
The court ruled based on criminal law principles of intent and the offender's liability.
2NounC1
punitive authority; coercive power (formal)
Authority to punish or enforce obedience, especially state or official power exercised through sanctions.
Examples
ครูkruuครูkruu1teacher2master; mentor (respectful)3classifier: คน; ท่าน (respectful)ไม่มีmâi-miiไม่มีmâi-mii1to not have; lack2there is/are not; does/do not exist3[reply] we don't have it; out of stockอาญาaa-yaaอาญาaa-yaa1criminal; penal (legal)2punitive authority; coercive power (formal)จะjàจะjà1will; shall (future/intention marker)2about to; going to (near future, often w/ กำลังจะ)3will; would (in conditional results)ลงโทษlong-tôotลงโทษlong-tôot[to] punish [sb]; impose a penaltyเกินกว่าgəən-gwàaเกินกว่าgəən-gwàa1more than; over2[to] exceed; be more than3beyond; past (a limit/ability/expectation)4too ... to; beyond what ...กติกาgà-dtì-gaaกติกาgà-dtì-gaa1rules; regulations (agreed)2terms; conditions (mutual)ที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerโรงเรียนroong-riianโรงเรียนroong-riian1school (institution)2school (building)กำหนดgam-nòtกำหนดgam-nòt1[to] set; fix; determine2[to] schedule; assign3deadline; due date4specification; stipulation
A teacher has no authority to punish beyond what the school rules allow.
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เมื่อmʉ̂ʉaหน่วยงานรัฐnùuai-ngaan-rátใช้cháiอาญาaa-yaaบังคับbang-kápให้hâiประชาชนbprà-chaa-chonปฏิบัติตามbpà-dtì-bàt-dtaamคำสั่งkam-sàngก็gɔ̂ต้องdtɔ̂ngมีเหตุผลmii-hèet-pǒnและlɛ́ความชอบธรรมkwaam-chɔ̂ɔp-tamรองรับrɔɔng-ráp
When a state agency exercises authority to compel citizens to obey orders, it must be supported by reasons and legitimacy.
ผู้ว่าราชการpûu-wâa-râat-chá-gaanมีmiiอาญาaa-yaaในnaiการสั่งการgaan-sàng-gaanเจ้าหน้าที่jâao-nâa-tîiให้hâiดำเนินdam-nəənมาตรการลงโทษmâat-dtrà-gaan-long-tôotผู้pûuฝ่าฝืนfàa-fʉ̌ʉnระเบียบrá-bìiapจังหวัดjang-wàt
The governor has the authority to direct officials to impose sanctions on those who violate provincial regulations.
การใช้gaan-cháiอาญาaa-yaaของkɔ̌ɔngรัฐrátโดยปราศจากdooi-bpràat-sà-jàakกลไกgon-gaiตรวจสอบdtrùuat-sɔ̀ɔpอิสระìt-sà-ràอาจàatนำไปสู่nam-bpai-sùuการใช้gaan-cháiอำนาจam-nâatเกินgəənขอบเขตkɔ̀ɔp-kèetและlɛ́ละเมิดlá-mə̂ətสิทธิsìt-tíของkɔ̌ɔngประชาชนbprà-chaa-chon
The exercise of state authority without independent oversight mechanisms may lead to overreach and violations of citizens’ rights.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
Why is อาญา said อา-ยา?
aa-yaa
Thai spelling does not always show how a word sounds. This is how it is said.
The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableA long vowel with no final consonant, so it is live.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Mid tone
aa
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Mid class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |