แพ้
pɛ́ɛMeanings
1VerbA2
[to] lose; be defeated
to be defeated in a competition, game, or conflict
Examples
ทีมเราtiim-raoทีมเราtiim-raoour teamแพ้pɛ́ɛแพ้pɛ́ɛ1[to] lose; be defeated2[to] be allergic (to)3[to] be overcome by; be susceptible to4susceptible to; intolerant ofในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)เกมgeemเกมgeem1game; match2video game3game (subdivision of play in sports)วันนี้wan-níiวันนี้wan-níi1today (time of speech)2today; this day3nowadays; at present
Our team lost in today's game.
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Yesterday he lost to the opponent by one goal.
If we make mistakes again, we might lose in the final round.
Even though they trained hard, the team still lost because the strategy was poor.
2VerbB1
[to] be allergic (to)
to have an allergic reaction or sensitivity to a substance
Examples
ฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)แพ้นมpɛ́ɛ-nomแพ้นมpɛ́ɛ-nom1[to] be allergic/sensitive to milk2milk allergy (immune-mediated)วัวwuuaวัวwuuacow; cattleดื่มdʉ̀ʉmดื่มdʉ̀ʉm1[to] drink2[to] drink alcoholแล้วlɛ́ɛoแล้วlɛ́ɛo1already; now (as of this point)2then; and then; after that3already; completed-action marker4and; and then (linking clauses)คันkanคันkan1itchy2[to] itch; feel itchy3classifier for vehicles4lever; handle5shaft; rod; pole6classifier for fishing rods; poles; handlesและlɛ́และlɛ́and (coordinating)ปวดท้องbpùuat-tɔ́ɔngปวดท้องbpùuat-tɔ́ɔng[to] have a stomachache/abdominal pain
I’m allergic to cow’s milk; I get itchy and have a stomachache after drinking it.
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He told the doctor that he is allergic to certain antibiotics.
ถ้าtâaเธอtəəแพ้pɛ́ɛถั่วtùuaควรkuuanอ่านàanฉลากchà-làakอาหารaa-hǎanทุกครั้งtúk-krángก่อนgɔ̀ɔnซื้อsʉ́ʉ
If you’re allergic to nuts, you should read food labels every time before buying.
อาการaa-gaanคัดจมูกkát-jà-mùukและlɛ́ผื่นpʉ̀ʉnขึ้นkʉ̂nของkɔ̌ɔngเธอtəəเกิดจากgə̀ət-jàakการแพ้gaan-pɛ́ɛไรraiฝุ่นfùnตามที่dtaam-tîiแพทย์pɛ̂ɛtวินิจฉัยwí-nít-chǎi
Her nasal congestion and rashes are due to a dust-mite allergy as diagnosed by the doctor.
3VerbB2
[to] be overcome by; be susceptible to
to be unable to resist or cope with something such as temptation, fatigue, emotion, or conditions (e.g., motion sickness, cold)
Examples
ผมpǒmผมpǒm1I; me (male speaker, polite)2hair (on the head)พยายามpá-yaa-yaamพยายามpá-yaa-yaam[to] try; attemptคุมอาหารkum-aa-hǎanคุมอาหารkum-aa-hǎan[to] be on a diet; [to] control one's food intakeแต่dtɛ̀ɛแต่dtɛ̀ɛ1but; however (contrast)2only; just (restriction)3from; since (starting point)สุดท้ายsùt-táaiสุดท้ายsùt-táai1last; final2finally; in the end; ultimatelyก็gɔ̂ก็gɔ̂1also; too2then; so (sequence/result)3conditional marker (if… then…)4well; after all (emphasis/justification)5topic/resumption markerแพ้pɛ́ɛแพ้pɛ́ɛ1[to] lose; be defeated2[to] be allergic (to)3[to] be overcome by; be susceptible to4susceptible to; intolerant ofความอยากkwaam-yàakความอยากkwaam-yàakdesire; craving; wantตอนดึกdtɔɔn-dʉ̀kตอนดึกdtɔɔn-dʉ̀k1late at night2late night (time period)
I tried to control my diet, but in the end I gave in to late-night cravings.
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แม้máeจะjàเหนื่อยมากnèuua-i mâakผมก็pŏm gôrไม่mâiอยากyàakแพ้páeความง่วงkwaam ngûuangเลยloieเดินdernออกไปòk bpaiล้างหน้าláang nâaให้hâiตื่นdtèuun
Even though I was very tired, I didn’t want to succumb to sleepiness, so I went to wash my face to stay awake.
เขาkǎoแพ้pɛ́ɛอารมณ์ชั่ววูบaa-rom-chûua-wûupพูดแรงpûut-rɛɛngเกินไปgəən-bpaiแล้วlɛ́ɛoมาmaaนั่งnângเสียใจsǐia-jaiภายหลังpaai-lǎng
He failed to control a sudden emotion, spoke too harshly, and later regretted it.
4AdjectiveB2
susceptible to; intolerant of
easily affected by a condition or stimulus (e.g., motion, cold, humidity), leading to discomfort or sickness
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillแพ้pɛ́ɛแพ้pɛ́ɛ1[to] lose; be defeated2[to] be allergic (to)3[to] be overcome by; be susceptible to4susceptible to; intolerant ofอากาศเย็นaa-gàat-yenอากาศเย็นaa-gàat-yencool weatherนิดหน่อยnít-nɔ̀iนิดหน่อยnít-nɔ̀i1a little; a bit2a small amountออกไปɔ̀ɔk-bpaiออกไปɔ̀ɔk-bpai1[to] go out; leave; exit2Get out!3[to] lead out to; extend toข้างนอกkâang-nɔ̂ɔkข้างนอกkâang-nɔ̂ɔk1outside; outdoors2the outside; exteriorแล้วlɛ́ɛoแล้วlɛ́ɛo1already; now (as of this point)2then; and then; after that3already; completed-action marker4and; and then (linking clauses)มักเวียนหัวmák-wiian-hǔuaมักเวียนหัวmák-wiian-hǔua[to] often feel dizzy
He is a bit sensitive to cold air; when he goes outside he often feels dizzy.
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ฉันchănแพ้páeเวลาway-laaนั่งnângรถrótนานๆnaan naanพอporถนนtà-nŏnคดเคี้ยวkót kíaoก็gâwจะjàคลื่นไส้klêun sâi
I get motion sickness when riding in a car for a long time; when the road is winding, I feel nauseous.
ลูกlûukแพ้pɛ́ɛความชื้นkwaam-chʉ́ʉnพอpɔɔฝนตกfǒn-dtòkติดต่อกันdtìt-dtɔ̀ɔ-ganก็gɔ̂เริ่มrə̂əmปวดหัวbpùuat-hǔuaและlɛ́อ่อนเพลียɔ̀ɔn-pliia
My child is sensitive to humidity; when it rains continuously he starts having headaches and feeling fatigued.
คุณยายkun-yaaiแพ้อากาศpɛ́ɛ-aa-gàatเปลี่ยนแปลงbplìian-bplɛɛngฉะนั้นchà-nánพอpɔɔอุณหภูมิun-hà-puumดิ่งลงdìng-longก็gɔ̂เวียนหัวwiian-hǔuaและlɛ́ต้องdtɔ̂ngนั่งพักnâng-pákนานnaan
Grandma is sensitive to changes in weather; so when the temperature drops she gets dizzy and needs to rest for a long time.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markMai tho
- Syllable endingLive syllableNot needed here: the tone mark decides.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
High tone
pɛ́ɛ
Starts high and keeps climbing.
Low class + Mai tho → High
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |