โดยปริยาย
dooy bpa-ri-yaai
Meanings
1NounC1
indirectly; implicitly; by implication
in a manner not stated openly but understood from context or consequences
Examples
การที่gaan têeการที่gaan têethe fact that (formal; makes a clause act as a noun)หัวหน้าhŭua nâaหัวหน้าhŭua nâa1boss; supervisor2leader; chiefชมchomชมchom1[to] praise; compliment2[to] admire; take in (a view)3[to] watch; view (a show/broadcast)4[to] visit and view; tourโปรเจกต์bproh-jèkโปรเจกต์bproh-jèk1project (work/assignment)2project (informal endeavor/side project)ของkŏngของkŏng1of; belonging to2thing; item; stuff3property; goodsเพื่อนร่วมงานpêuuan rûuam ngaanเพื่อนร่วมงานpêuuan rûuam ngaancoworker; colleague; workmateก็gâwก็gâw1also; too2then; so (sequence/result)3even; after all (emphasis/justification)4conditional marker (if… then…)5topic/resumption markerเป็นbpenเป็นbpen1to be (identity/category/state)2to become3[to] know how; be able to (skill)4[to] be + set expressionsการตำหนิgaan dtam-nìการตำหนิgaan dtam-nìblame; rebuke; scoldingงานngaanงานngaan1work; job; employment2task; assignment; duty3event; fair; function4work (product); creation5joule (physics unit)6unit (classifier) for eventsของkŏngของkŏng1of; belonging to2thing; item; stuff3property; goodsผมpŏmผมpŏm1I; me (male speaker, polite)2hair (on the head)โดยปริยายdooy bpa-ri-yaaiโดยปริยายdooy bpa-ri-yaai1indirectly; implicitly; by implication2by extension; in a derived sense3figuratively; non‑literally4as a matter of course; as an indirect consequence
When the boss praised my colleague's project, it was an implicit criticism of my own.
2NounC1
by extension; in a derived sense
in an extended or secondary sense derived from a specific case or meaning
Examples
คำว่าkam wâaคำว่าkam wâathe word/term (introductory marker)ครอบครัวkrôp kruuaครอบครัวkrôp kruua1family; household2family unit (sociological)โดยปริยายdooy bpa-ri-yaaiโดยปริยายdooy bpa-ri-yaai1indirectly; implicitly; by implication2by extension; in a derived sense3figuratively; non‑literally4as a matter of course; as an indirect consequenceแล้วก็láeo gâwแล้วก็láeo gâw1and then; after that (sequence)2and also; plus (addition)3and; so; then (continuation/filler)อาจจะàat jàอาจจะàat jàmaybe; perhaps; mightหมายรวมถึงmăai ruuam tĕungหมายรวมถึงmăai ruuam tĕung[to] include [sb/sth] (within a definition); be deemed to includeเพื่อนสนิทpêuuan sà-nìtเพื่อนสนิทpêuuan sà-nìtclose friend; best friendได้dâiได้dâi1get; obtain; receive2may (polite permission/request)3able to (postverbal/resultative)4manage to; succeed in (achievement)5can; be able to; may (possibility/permission)เช่นกันchên ganเช่นกันchên gan1also; as well; likewise2likewise; same to you
The word 'family' can, by extension, also include close friends.
3NounC1
figuratively; non‑literally
in a figurative or non-literal way, as opposed to the direct or literal meaning
Examples
ตอนที่dton têeตอนที่dton têe1when; at the time that2episode/part (numbered label)เขาkăoเขาkăo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillพูดpôotพูดpôot1[to] speak; talk2[to] say; speak3[to] tell; talk aboutว่าwâaว่าwâa1[to] say; tell; say that2[to] think; consider; deem3that (clause marker)4about; regarding5[to] scold; reproach; criticizeอกหักòk hàkอกหักòk hàk1[to] be heartbroken; [to] have one's heart broken2heartbroken (romantic)เขาkăoเขาkăo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillหมายความmăai kwaamหมายความmăai kwaam1[to] mean; signify2[to] imply; suggestโดยปริยายdooy bpa-ri-yaaiโดยปริยายdooy bpa-ri-yaai1indirectly; implicitly; by implication2by extension; in a derived sense3figuratively; non‑literally4as a matter of course; as an indirect consequenceไม่ได้mâi dâaiไม่ได้mâi dâai1cannot; not allowed; impossible2did not3[to] fail to get/receive [sth]4unacceptable; not allowed (won’t do)5No way!; absolutely not6not really/actually (corrective)หมายความmăai kwaamหมายความmăai kwaam1[to] mean; signify2[to] imply; suggestตามdtaamตามdtaam1[to] follow; go after2[to] comply with; abide by; obey3according to; in accordance with4along; along (a path); following (direction)5after; behind; in pursuit of6as; in the capacity of (ตามที่/ตามฐานะ)ตัวอักษรdtuua àk-sŏnตัวอักษรdtuua àk-sŏn1letter; character2text character(s); letteringว่าwâaว่าwâa1[to] say; tell; say that2[to] think; consider; deem3that (clause marker)4about; regarding5[to] scold; reproach; criticizeหัวใจhŭua jaiหัวใจhŭua jai1heart; feelings2core; essence; crux3key point; gist (mnemonic rule)4heart (organ)แตกสลายdtàek sà-lăaiแตกสลายdtàek sà-lăai1to shatter; disintegrate2to collapse; fall apart (figurative)จริงๆjing jingจริงๆjing jing1really; truly; actually; indeed2[!] really?!; seriously?!
When he said he was heartbroken, he meant it figuratively, not that his heart had literally broken.
4NounC1
as a matter of course; as an indirect consequence
occurring as a corollary or indirect result of something else
Examples
พอporพอpor1enough; sufficient2enough; sufficiently3[to] suffice; be enough4quite; rather; fairly5as soon as; when6only; just; merelyโรงงานrohng ngaanโรงงานrohng ngaanfactory; plantปิดตัวbpìt dtuuaปิดตัวbpìt dtuua1[to] shut down; cease operations2[to] be closed off; keep to oneselfลงlongลงlong1[to] go down; descend2[to] put; apply; record3[to] decrease; go down4[to] land; alight5down; downstream6downstream; southbound7[to] get off (vehicle)ร้านค้าráan káaร้านค้าráan káa1shop; store2storefront (on a platform); shop accountในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of (formal/official)ท้องถิ่นtóng tìnท้องถิ่นtóng tìn1local; regional2the local area; localityก็gâwก็gâw1also; too2then; so (sequence/result)3even; after all (emphasis/justification)4conditional marker (if… then…)5topic/resumption markerพลอยployพลอยploy1gem; gemstone2also; as a result3Ploy (female given name)ขาดลูกค้าkhàat-lûuk-kháaไปด้วยbpai dûuayไปด้วยbpai dûuay1[to] go along; accompany [sb]2too; as well; also3at the same time; concurrently4[to] be counted/included (count me in)โดยปริยายdooy bpa-ri-yaaiโดยปริยายdooy bpa-ri-yaai1indirectly; implicitly; by implication2by extension; in a derived sense3figuratively; non‑literally4as a matter of course; as an indirect consequence
When the factory closed, the local shops also lost customers as an indirect result.
Related Words
Word Breakdown
+
โดยปริยายdooy bpa-ri-yaaiโดยปริยายdooy bpa-ri-yaaiindirectly; implicitly; by implication