โดยนัย
dooi-naiMeanings
1AdverbC1
implicitly; by implication; indirectly
in a way that is understood without being stated directly; tacitly (often in formal or legal contexts)
Examples
แม้mɛ́ɛแม้mɛ́ɛ1even if; although; even though2evenสัญญาsǎn-yaaสัญญาsǎn-yaa1promise; vow; pledge2[to] promise; pledge; vow3contract; agreement4[to] contract (legally)5perception (Buddhism)จะjàจะjà1will; shall (future/intention marker)2about to; going to (near future, often w/ กำลังจะ)3will; would (in conditional results)ไม่ได้mâi-dâaiไม่ได้mâi-dâai1cannot; not allowed; impossible2did not3[to] fail to get/receive [sth]4unacceptable; not allowed (won’t do)5No way!; absolutely not6not really/actually (corrective)ระบุrá-bùระบุrá-bù1[to] specify; state explicitly2[to] identify; pinpointไว้wáiไว้wái1[to] keep; save; store2for later; in reserve3[to] leave (something) as is4marks retention or maintenance of a state5[to] wear; sport (hair/moustache/etc.)แต่dtɛ̀ɛแต่dtɛ̀ɛ1but; however (contrast)2only; just (restriction)3from; since (starting point)ทั้งtángทั้งtáng1whole; entire2all3both4altogether; entirelyสองsɔ̌ɔngสองsɔ̌ɔng1two; 22secondฝ่ายfàaiฝ่ายfàai1side; party; faction2department; section; division3(classifier) party/side; department4on the part of; from the side ofก็gɔ̂ก็gɔ̂1also; too2then; so (sequence/result)3conditional marker (if… then…)4well; after all (emphasis/justification)5topic/resumption markerยอมรับyɔɔm-rápยอมรับyɔɔm-ráp1[to] accept; consent to2[to] admit; acknowledge3[to] recognize; concede (merit/validity)เงื่อนไขngʉ̂ʉan-kǎiเงื่อนไขngʉ̂ʉan-kǎi1condition; requirement2constraint; limitationนี้níiนี้níi1this2this oneโดยนัยdooi-naiโดยนัยdooi-nai1implicitly; by implication; indirectly2implicit; implied; tacit
Although the contract doesn't state it, both parties tacitly accepted this condition.
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การที่gaan-tîiเขาkǎoไม่mâiคัดค้านkát-káanในnaiที่ประชุมtîi-bprà-chumถือเป็นtʉ̌ʉ-bpenการยอมรับgaan-yɔɔm-rápข้อเสนอkɔ̂ɔ-sà-nə̌əนั้นnánโดยนัยdooi-nai
His failure to object in the meeting was considered a tacit acceptance of the proposal.
ศาลตีความsǎan-dtii-kwaamว่าwâaการกระทำgaan-grà-tamของkɔ̌ɔngจำเลยjam-ləəiเป็นbpenการแสดงเจตนาgaan-sà-dɛɛng-jèet-dtà-naaบอกเลิกbɔ̀ɔk-lə̂əkสัญญาsǎn-yaaโดยนัยdooi-naiแล้วlɛ́ɛo
The court interpreted the defendant's actions as already constituting a tacit expression of intent to terminate the contract.
ในnaiความสัมพันธ์kwaam-sǎm-panระหว่างประเทศrá-wàang-bprà-têetการเรียกgaan-rîiakทูตtûutกลับเป็นglàp-bpenการแสดงgaan-sà-dɛɛngความไม่พอใจkwaam-mâi-pɔɔ-jaiโดยนัยdooi-naiต่อdtɔ̀ɔรัฐบาลrát-tà-baanอีกฝ่ายìik-fàai
In international relations, recalling an ambassador is a tacit expression of displeasure towards the other government.
2AdjectiveC1
implicit; implied; tacit
suggested or understood from context rather than expressed directly
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; she; him; her2they; them (context-dependent)3horn4mountain; hillบอกว่าbɔ̀ɔk-wâaบอกว่าbɔ̀ɔk-wâa[to] say/tell that; report/declare thatเขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; she; him; her2they; them (context-dependent)3horn4mountain; hillเหนื่อยnʉ̀ʉaiเหนื่อยnʉ̀ʉai1tired; exhausted2[to] get tired; become tired3tiring; exhausting4[to] be short of breath (medical)ซึ่งsʉ̂ngซึ่งsʉ̂ng1which; that (relative pronoun)2which/and this; introducing explanationโดยนัยdooi-naiโดยนัยdooi-nai1implicitly; by implication; indirectly2implicit; implied; tacitก็คือgɔ̂-kʉʉก็คือgɔ̂-kʉʉthat is; namelyเขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; she; him; her2they; them (context-dependent)3horn4mountain; hillไม่mâiไม่mâi1not (negator)2no (reply)อยากyàakอยากyàak1[to] want; desire2to crave; to long forไปbpaiไปbpai1[to] go2away; off (directional complement/particle)3on; onward; continuously (aspect marker)4(aspect) completed; already past5too; excessivelyกับgàpกับgàp1with; together with2and (informal)3side dish; accompaniment4against; versus5to; toward (recipient/target)เราraoเราrao1we; us2I; me (informal/regional)
He said he was tired, which by implication meant he didn't want to go with us.
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คำพูดkam-pûutที่tîiดูเหมือนduu-mʉ̌ʉanชมchomของkɔ̌ɔngเธอtəəมีความหมายmii-kwaam-mǎaiตำหนิdtam-nìโดยนัยdooi-naiซ่อนอยู่sɔ̂ɔn-yùu
Her seemingly complimentary words contained a hidden, implied criticism.
แววตาwɛɛo-dtaaของเขาkɔ̌ɔng-kǎoที่tîiมองmɔɔngมาmaaบ่งบอกbòng-bɔ̀ɔkความผิดหวังkwaam-pìt-wǎngโดยนัยdooi-naiแม้mɛ́ɛปากbpàakจะjàยังคงyang-kongยิ้มyímอยู่yùuก็ตามgɔ̂-dtaam
The look in his eyes conveyed his disappointment by implication, even though his lips were still smiling.
นวนิยายná-wá-ní-yaaiเรื่องrêuuangนี้néeวิพากษ์วิจารณ์wí-pâak wí-jaanสังคมsăng-komอย่างรุนแรงyàang run raengแต่dtàeทำtamผ่านpàanสัญลักษณ์săn-yá-lákต่างๆdtàang-dtàangที่têeมีmeeความหมายโดยนัยkwaam măai doi nai
This novel strongly criticizes society, but does so through various symbols with implied meanings.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
Why is โดยนัย said โดย-ไน?
dooi-nai
The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ย, a sonorant, so it is live.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Mid tone
dooi
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Mid class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |
Word Breakdown
โดยdooiโดยdooi1by; via; through2in a ... way; -ly3according to; in accordance withby; via; throughPart 1
+
นัยnaiนัยnai1implication; underlying meaning2aspect; sense; respect3hint; indicationimplication; underlying meaningPart 2
โดยนัยdooi-naiโดยนัยdooi-naiimplicitly; by implication; indirectlyimplicitly; by implication; indirectlyWord