ปริยาย
bpà-rí-yaaiMeanings
1NounC1
indirect/implicit sense; implication
an indirect or implicit sense; an implication understood without being stated directly
Examples
เขาkăoเขาkăo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillไม่ได้mâi dâaiไม่ได้mâi dâai1cannot; not allowed; impossible2did not3[to] fail to get/receive [sth]4unacceptable; not allowed (won’t do)5No way!; absolutely not6not really/actually (corrective)บอกตรงๆbòk dtrong dtrongบอกตรงๆbòk dtrong dtrongfrankly; honestlyแต่dtàeแต่dtàe1but; however (contrast)2only; just (restriction)3from; since (starting point)พูดpôotพูดpôot1[to] speak; talk2[to] say; speak3[to] tell; talk aboutเป็นbpenเป็นbpen1to be (identity/category/state)2to become3[to] know how; be able to (skill)4alive; living5[to] have; suffer from; be in (a condition)ปริยายbpà-rí-yaaiปริยายbpà-rí-yaai1indirect/implicit sense; implication2figurative senseว่าwâaว่าwâa1[to] say; tell2that (clause marker)3[to] think; consider; deem4[to] scold; reproach; criticizeทีมเราteem raoทีมเราteem raoour teamควรkuuanควรkuuan1should; ought to2appropriate; proper; suitable3[to] deserve; be worthy ofเปลี่ยนbplìianเปลี่ยนbplìian1[to] change; become different2[to] switch; replace; exchangeแผนpăenแผนpăen1plan; strategy2scheme; plot
He didn’t say it directly but implied that our team should change the plan.
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คำชมkam-chomของkɔ̌ɔngเธอtəəมีmiiปริยายbpà-rí-yaaiเชิงchəəngตักเตือนdtàk-dtʉʉanแปลว่าbplɛɛ-wâaอยากyàakให้hâiฉันchǎnระมัดระวังrá-mát-rá-wangมากขึ้นmâak-kʉ̂n
Her praise carried an implicit warning, meaning she wanted me to be more cautious.
ผู้บริหารpûu-bɔɔ-rí-hǎanใช้cháiถ้อยคำtɔ̂ɔi-kamสุภาพsù-pâapแต่dtɛ̀ɛสื่อsʉ̀ʉปริยายbpà-rí-yaaiกดดันgòt-danให้hâiพนักงานpá-nák-ngaanยอมรับyɔɔm-rápเงื่อนไขngʉ̂ʉan-kǎiใหม่mài
The executives used polite wording but implicitly pressured employees to accept the new terms.
ในnaiจดหมายjòt-mǎaiเปิดbpə̀ətผนึกpà-nʉ̀kผู้เขียนpûu-kǐianอ้างâangข้อเท็จจริงkɔ̂ɔ-tét-jingเพียงpiiangบางส่วนbaang-sùuanแล้วlɛ́ɛoใช้cháiปริยายbpà-rí-yaaiบิดbìtทิศทางtít-taangให้hâiผู้อ่านpûu-àanสรุปsà-rùpเองeeng
In the open letter, the author cited only some facts and used implication to steer readers toward their own conclusions.
2NounC1
figurative sense
a non-literal or figurative sense of a word or expression (as opposed to the literal sense)
Examples
คำว่าkam wâaคำว่าkam wâathe word/term (introductory marker)ไฟfaiไฟfai1fire; flame2electricity; power3light (from a lamp)4signal light; indicator5anger; passion (figurative)รักrákรักrák1[to] love; be fond of2love (affection)3beloved; dearเป็นbpenเป็นbpen1to be (identity/category/state)2to become3[to] know how; be able to (skill)4alive; living5[to] have; suffer from; be in (a condition)การใช้ภาษาgaan chái paa-săaการใช้ภาษาgaan chái paa-săa1language use (act)2usage; style and registerในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)ปริยายbpà-rí-yaaiปริยายbpà-rí-yaai1indirect/implicit sense; implication2figurative senseไม่ได้mâi dâaiไม่ได้mâi dâai1cannot; not allowed; impossible2did not3[to] fail to get/receive [sth]4unacceptable; not allowed (won’t do)5No way!; absolutely not6not really/actually (corrective)หมายถึงmăai tĕungหมายถึงmăai tĕung1[to] mean; denote; refer to2[to] mean (to say); intend (one’s words)ไฟfaiไฟfai1fire; flame2electricity; power3light (from a lamp)4signal light; indicator5anger; passion (figurative)จริงๆjing jingจริงๆjing jing1really; truly; actually; indeed2really?!; seriously?!
The phrase 'fire of love' uses language in a figurative sense; it doesn’t mean actual fire.
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บทกวีbòt-gà-wiiนี้níiใช้cháiคำkamในnaiปริยายbpà-rí-yaaiหลายตอนlǎai-dtɔɔnเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaสื่อsʉ̀ʉความรู้สึกkwaam-rúu-sʉ̀kมากกว่าmâak-gwàaความหมายkwaam-mǎaiตามdtaamตัวอักษรdtuua-àk-sɔ̌ɔn
This poem uses words in a figurative sense in many parts to convey feelings rather than literal meaning.
นักวิจารณ์nák wí-jaanชี้ว่าchée wâaผู้เขียนpôo kĭianเลือกใช้lêuuak cháiปริยายbpà-rí-yaaiอย่างyàangแยบคายyâep kaaiเพื่อpêuuaหลีกเลี่ยงlèek lîangการกล่าวgaan glàaoตรงๆdtrong dtrongถึงtĕungประเด็นbprà-denอ่อนไหวòn wăi
The critic pointed out that the author deftly used figurative sense to avoid directly addressing sensitive issues.
เมื่อmʉ̂ʉaอ่านàanนวนิยายná-wá-ní-yaaiแนวnɛɛoเสียดสีsìiat-sǐiผู้อ่านpûu-àanต้องdtɔ̂ngแยกแยะyɛ̂ɛk-yɛ́ระหว่างrá-wàangความหมายkwaam-mǎaiตามdtaamตัวอักษรdtuua-àk-sɔ̌ɔnกับgàpปริยายbpà-rí-yaaiจิกjìkกัดgàtที่tîiซ่อนอยู่sɔ̂ɔn-yùu
When reading satirical novels, readers must distinguish between the literal meaning and the biting figurative sense hidden within.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
Why is ปริยาย said ปะ-ริ-ยาย?
bpà-rí-yaai
The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.
3 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingDead syllableA short vowel with no final consonant, so it is dead.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Low tone
bpà
Starts low and stays low, easing slightly down.
Mid class + No tone mark + Dead syllable → Low
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |
Word Breakdown
ปริbprìปริbprì1[to] split slightly; crack a little2slightly split; a little cracked[to] split slightly; crack a littlePart 1
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ปริยายbpà-rí-yaaiปริยายbpà-rí-yaaiindirect/implicit sense; implicationindirect/implicit sense; implicationWord