สำนวน
săm-nuuanMeanings
1NounB1
idiom; set expression
a fixed expression whose overall meaning is not the literal sum of its parts
Examples
ครูkruuครูkruu1teacher2master; mentor (respectful)3classifier: คน; ท่าน (respectful)บอกว่าbòk wâaบอกว่าbòk wâa1[to] say/tell that; report/declare that2[of text/sign] say/indicate thatนี่nêeนี่nêe1this (colloq.)2this; this one (pronoun)3here4here is…; look/listen (attention-getter)5you see; after all (colloq.)คือkeuคือkeu1to be (definition/identification)2namely; that is; i.e.สำนวนsăm-nuuanสำนวนsăm-nuuan1idiom; set expression2style; manner of expression3wording; phrasing; turn of phrase4case file; dossier (legal)ไม่ได้mâi dâaiไม่ได้mâi dâai1cannot; not allowed; impossible2did not3[to] fail to get/receive [sth]4unacceptable; not allowed (won’t do)5No way!; absolutely not6not really/actually (corrective)แปลbplaaeแปลbplaae1[to] translate2[to] interpret; explain meaningตรงdtrongตรงdtrong1straight (not bent)2directly; straight (direction/path)3direct; straightforward; frank4[to] be straight; align5exact; matching; corresponding6[to] head straight toward [sb/sth/somewhere]ตัวdtuuaตัวdtuua1body; self; person (colloq.)2classifier: animals, garments, furniture, certain items; people (informal)3character; figureจากjàakจากjàak1from; away from2[to] leave; depart; part from3nipa palmคำkamคำkam1word; term2classifier for words/utterances3speech; saying; utteranceทีละtee láทีละtee láone at a time; each; perคำkamคำkam1word; term2classifier for words/utterances3speech; saying; utterance
The teacher said this is an idiom; it’s not translated word for word.
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ผมpŏmงงngongกับgàpสำนวนsăm-nuuanนี้néeเพราะpráwความหมายkwaam măaiรวมruuamไม่ตรงmâi dtrongกับgàpคำkamตามdtaamตัวอักษรdtuua àk-sŏn
I’m confused by this idiom because the overall meaning doesn’t match the literal words.
เวลาเรียนway-laa riianภาษาpaa-săaเราraoต้องdtôngแยกyâekให้ออกhâi òkว่าwâaสิ่งsìngไหนnăiเป็นbpenสำนวนsăm-nuuanที่têeแปลbplaaeตรงdtrongตัวdtuuaไม่ได้mâi dâai
When learning a language, we must distinguish which are idioms that cannot be translated literally.
นักแปลnák bplaeต้องdtôngระวังrá-wangสำนวนsăm-nuuanเพราะpráwความหมายโดยนัยkwaam măai doi naiของมันkŏng manไม่ได้mâi dâaiเป็นผลbpen pŏnรวมruuamตรงๆdtrong dtrongของkŏngคำkamแต่ละdtàe láคำkam
Translators must be careful with idioms, as their implied meaning isn’t the straightforward sum of the individual words.
2NounB2
style; manner of expression
a characteristic way of speaking or writing; stylistic manner of expression
Examples
นักเขียนnák kĭianนักเขียนnák kĭianwriter; authorคนนี้kon néeคนนี้kon néethis personมีmeeมีmee1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoสำนวนsăm-nuuanสำนวนsăm-nuuan1idiom; set expression2style; manner of expression3wording; phrasing; turn of phrase4case file; dossier (legal)เรียบง่ายrîiap ngâaiเรียบง่ายrîiap ngâai1simple; plain2modest; unpretentiousอ่านàanอ่านàan1[to] read2[to] read aloud; pronounce3[to] interpret; make sense of4[to] read data (computing)แล้วláeoแล้วláeo1already; now (as of this point)2then; and then; after that3already; completed-action marker4and; and then (linking clauses)เข้าใจkâo jaiเข้าใจkâo jai1[to] understand; grasp2[to] assume; take sth to be true3[to be] understanding (of [sb])ทันทีtan teeทันทีtan teeimmediately; at once
This writer has a simple style; you understand it right away.
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ครูkruuบอกว่าbòk wâaให้hâiปรับbpràpสำนวนsăm-nuuanให้hâiสุภาพsù-pâapขึ้นkêunเมื่อmêuuaเขียนkĭianจดหมายราชการjòt-măai râat-chá-gaan
The teacher said to adjust the style to be more polite when writing official letters.
บทความbòt kwaamนี้néeใช้cháiสำนวนsăm-nuuanประชดประชันbprà-chót bprà-chanทำให้tam hâiผู้อ่านpôo àanรู้สึกถึงróo-sèuk tĕungน้ำnáamเสียงวิพากษ์วิจารณ์sĭang wí-pâak-wí-jaanอย่างชัดเจนyàang chát jayn
This article uses a sarcastic style, clearly conveying a critical tone to the readers.
เขาkăoปรับbpràpสำนวนsăm-nuuanให้hâiเข้ากับkâo gàpผู้อ่านpôo àanวัยรุ่นwai rûnโดยdoiใช้cháiถ้อยคำtôi kamกระชับgrà-chápและláeจังหวะjang-wàที่têeรวดเร็วrûuat reo
He adjusted his stylistic manner to suit teenage readers by using concise wording and a fast rhythm.
3NounB2
wording; phrasing; turn of phrase
a particular way something is worded or phrased; a version of how something is said
Examples
ครูkruuครูkruu1teacher2master; mentor (respectful)3classifier: คน; ท่าน (respectful)บอกให้bòk hâiบอกให้bòk hâi[to] tell [sb] to [do sth]เปลี่ยนbplìianเปลี่ยนbplìian1[to] change; become different2[to] switch; replace; exchangeสำนวนsăm-nuuanสำนวนsăm-nuuan1idiom; set expression2style; manner of expression3wording; phrasing; turn of phrase4case file; dossier (legal)ประโยคprà-yôhkประโยคprà-yôhksentence (grammar)นี้néeนี้née1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)ให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3to; for [sb] (recipient)4[to] have [sb] do; cause to5for (benefit of)6so that; in order to7until; to the point that (result)สุภาพsù-pâapสุภาพsù-pâap1polite; courteous2gentle; mild (manner/speech)3proper; refined; respectableขึ้นkêunขึ้นkêun1[to] go up; rise; ascend2[to] increase3[to] board; get on4result complement: upward/better5postverbal particle: onset or occurrence6[to] sprout; grow; appear7northward/up-country8waxing phase (of the moon)หน่อยnòiหน่อยnòi1a little; a bit2polite softener (request)
The teacher told us to change the phrasing of this sentence to be more polite.
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ถ้าtâaใช้cháiสำนวนsăm-nuuanแบบbàepตรงไปตรงมาdtrong bpai dtrong maaคนอ่านkon àanอาจàatเข้าใจง่ายkâo jai ngâaiกว่าgwàa
If you use a straightforward phrasing, readers might understand more easily.
เธอterขอให้kŏr hâiผมpŏmช่วยchûuaiปรับbpràpสำนวนsăm-nuuanในnaiอีเมลee-maynเพื่อให้pêuua hâiฟังดูfang dooเป็นทางการbpen taang gaanแต่ยังdtàe yangเป็นมิตรbpen mít
She asked me to help adjust the wording in the email so it sounds formal yet friendly.
รายงานraai-ngaanฉบับchà-bàpนี้néeต้องdtôngเปลี่ยนbplìianสำนวนsăm-nuuanจากjàakเชิงcherngโฆษณาkôh-sà-naaเป็นbpenเชิงวิชาการcherng wí-chaa gaanเพื่อpêuuaหลีกเลี่ยงlèek lîangความกำกวมkwaam gam guuam
This report needs its phrasing changed from promotional to academic to avoid ambiguity.
4NounB2
case file; dossier (legal)
A collection of statements, evidence, and other documents connected with a legal case.
Examples
ตำรวจdtam-rùuatตำรวจdtam-rùuatpolice; police officerรวบรวมrûuap ruuamรวบรวมrûuap ruuam1[to] collect; gather2[to] compile; assemble3[to] muster; mobilizeหลักฐานlàk tăanหลักฐานlàk tăan1evidence; proof2documentary evidence; supporting document3basis; grounds (abstract)ไว้wáiไว้wái1[to] keep; save; store2[to] set aside; reserve3for later; in reserve4[to] leave (something) as is5marks retention or maintenance of a state6[to] wear; sport (hair/moustache/etc.)ในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)สำนวนsăm-nuuanสำนวนsăm-nuuan1idiom; set expression2style; manner of expression3wording; phrasing; turn of phrase4case file; dossier (legal)ก่อนgònก่อนgòn1before; earlier; previously; first2previous; prior; formerส่งให้sòng hâiส่งให้sòng hâi[to] send [sth] to [sb]; [to] pass [sth] to [sb]อัยการai-yá-gaanอัยการai-yá-gaanpublic prosecutorพิจารณาpí-jàa-rá-naaพิจารณาpí-jàa-rá-naa1[to] consider; examine; deliberate2[to] hear; examine (a case)
The police compiled the evidence in the case file before sending it to the prosecutor for review.
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ทนายtá-naaiขอkŏrเวลาway-laaอ่านàanสำนวนsăm-nuuanเพราะpráwคดีká-deeนี้néeมีmeeเอกสารèk-gà-săanหลายlăaiร้อยróiหน้าnâa
The lawyer asked for time to read the case file because it contained hundreds of pages of documents.
อัยการai-yá-gaanส่งsòngสำนวนsăm-nuuanกลับไปglàp bpaiให้hâiตำรวจdtam-rùuatรวบรวมrûuap ruuamหลักฐานlàk tăanเพิ่มเติมpêrm dtermเนื่องจากnêʉuang jàakเอกสารèk-gà-săanที่têeมีอยู่mee yòoยังyangไม่mâiเพียงพอpiiang porที่จะtêe jàสั่งsàngฟ้องfóng
The prosecutor returned the case file to the police to gather more evidence because the existing documents were insufficient to proceed with prosecution.
ก่อนgònยื่นคำร้องyêun kam róngต่อdtòศาลsăanทนายtá-naaiตรวจสอบdtrùuat sòpเอกสารèk-gà-săanทุกtúkฉบับchà-bàpในnaiสำนวนsăm-nuuanอย่างละเอียดyàang lá-ìiatเพื่อให้แน่ใจpêuua hâi nâe jaiว่าwâaไม่มีmâi meeหลักฐานสำคัญlàk-tăan săm-kanตกหล่นdtòk lòn
Before filing a petition with the court, the lawyer carefully checked every document in the case file to ensure that no important evidence had been omitted.