หลักฐาน
làk-tǎanMeanings
1NounB1
evidence; proof
information, facts, or objects used to show that something is true or to support a claim, especially in law
Examples
ตำรวจdtam-rùuatตำรวจdtam-rùuatpolice; police officerขอkɔ̌ɔขอkɔ̌ɔ1[to] request; ask for [sth]2polite request marker3[to] beg; plead4[to] wish for; pray forหลักฐานlàk-tǎanหลักฐานlàk-tǎan1evidence; proof2documentary evidence; supporting document3basis; grounds (abstract)4stable footing; settled, secure position in lifeจากjàakจากjàak1from; away from2[to] leave; depart; part from3nipa palmกล้องวงจรปิดglɔ̂ng-wong-jɔɔn-bpìtกล้องวงจรปิดglɔ̂ng-wong-jɔɔn-bpìt1CCTV camera; security camera2CCTV system (by extension)
The police requested evidence from the CCTV.
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ทนายtá-naaiบอกว่าbɔ̀ɔk-wâaเราraoต้องมีdtɔ̂ng-miiหลักฐานlàk-tǎanชัดเจนchát-jeenก่อนgɔ̀ɔnยื่นฟ้องyʉ̂ʉn-fɔ́ɔng
The lawyer said we need clear evidence before filing a lawsuit.
Witnesses and photographs are crucial evidence in this case.
ศาลsǎanรับฟังráp-fangเฉพาะchà-pɔ́หลักฐานlàk-tǎanที่tîiได้มาdâi-maaโดยชอบด้วยกฎหมายdooi-chɔ̂ɔp-dûuai-gòt-mǎaiและlɛ́ตรวจสอบได้dtrùuat-sɔ̀ɔp-dâai
The court accepts only evidence obtained lawfully and verifiable.
2NounB1
documentary evidence; supporting document
an official paper or record presented to verify identity, ownership, rights, or a transaction
Examples
ยื่นyʉ̂ʉnยื่นyʉ̂ʉn1[to] hold out; offer (by hand)2[to] extend; protrude3[to] submit; file (form/request)หลักฐานlàk-tǎanหลักฐานlàk-tǎan1evidence; proof2documentary evidence; supporting document3basis; grounds (abstract)4stable footing; settled, secure position in lifeตัวตนdtuua-dtonตัวตนdtuua-dton1identity; self2existence as an individualเช่นchênเช่นchên1for example; such as2like; asบัตรประชาชนbàt-bprà-chaa-chonบัตรประชาชนbàt-bprà-chaa-chonnational ID card; citizen ID cardตอนdtɔɔnตอนdtɔɔn1section; part2episode; chapter3when; at the time (of)4time segment; period5classifier for sections, chapters, or episodes6[to] castrate (an animal)7[to] air-layer (a branch)ลงทะเบียนlong-tá-biianลงทะเบียนlong-tá-biian1[to] register; enroll; sign up2registration (process/event)3registered (mail)
Submit identification documents, such as an ID card, when registering.
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ธนาคารtá-naa-kaanขอkɔ̌ɔหลักฐานlàk-tǎanบัญชีban-chiiและlɛ́บัตรประชาชนbàt-bprà-chaa-chonเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaยืนยันตัวตนyʉʉn-yan-dtuua-dtonก่อนgɔ̀ɔnเปิดบัญชีbpə̀ət-ban-chii
The bank requests account documents and an ID card to verify identity before opening an account.
ในnaiการโอนกรรมสิทธิ์gaan-oon-gam-má-sìtบ้านbâanเราraoต้องdtɔ̂ngเตรียมdtriiamหลักฐานlàk-tǎanครบถ้วนkróp-tûuanเช่นchênโฉนดchà-nòotตัวจริงdtuua-jingและlɛ́สำเนาsǎm-naoบัตรbàt
For transferring house ownership, we must prepare complete documentation, such as the title deed and originals and copies of IDs.
ผู้สมัครpûu-sà-màkต้องdtɔ̂ngแนบnɛ̂ɛpหลักฐานlàk-tǎanการศึกษาgaan-sʉ̀k-sǎaหนังสือรับรองnǎng-sʉ̌ʉ-ráp-rɔɔngการทำงานgaan-tam-ngaanและlɛ́ใบbaiเปลี่ยนbplìianชื่อchʉ̂ʉหากhàakมีmiiเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiหน่วยงานnùuai-ngaanตรวจสอบdtrùuat-sɔ̀ɔpสิทธิ์sìtได้dâaiถูกต้องtùuk-dtɔ̂ng
Applicants must attach educational documents, employment certificates, and a name change certificate if applicable, so the agency can correctly verify eligibility.
3NounB2
basis; grounds (abstract)
a reason or foundation for a belief, decision, or argument
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillยกyókยกyók1[to] lift; raise2[to] give; dedicate; donate3[to] promote; elevate (rank/status)4[to] cite; invoke (as an example/reason)5classifier: round6[to] waive; remit; dismissเหตุผลhèet-pǒnเหตุผลhèet-pǒn1reason; justification2reasoning; rationalityมาmaaมาmaa1[to] come; arrive2[to] come to (a state or situation)3past/as of now aspect markerเป็นหลักbpen-làkเป็นหลักbpen-làk1mainly; primarily; chiefly2[to] serve as the main basis; be primaryฐานสนับสนุนtǎan-sà-nàp-sà-nǔnฐานสนับสนุนtǎan-sà-nàp-sà-nǔn1support base (facility)2support base (group of people)ว่าwâaว่าwâa1[to] say; tell2that (clause marker)3[to] think; consider; deem4[to] scold; reproach; criticizeแนวทางnɛɛo-taangแนวทางnɛɛo-taang1approach; method; strategy2guideline; direction; courseนี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)น่าจะnâa-jàน่าจะnâa-jà1probably; likely2be expected; should (probability)3might be a good idea (suggestion)4should have (regret/criticism)ได้ผลdâai-pǒnได้ผลdâai-pǒn[to] be effective; get results; work
He presented reasons as a basis to support that this approach would likely work.
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ความเมตตาkwaam-mêet-dtaaที่tîiเธอtəəแสดงsà-dɛɛngเป็นbpenหลักฐานlàk-tǎanให้hâiผมpǒmเชื่อว่าchʉ̂ʉa-wâaเธอtəəควรkuuanเป็นผู้นำbpen-pûu-namทีมtiim
The kindness she showed is a reason for me to believe she should lead the team.
ผมpǒmตัดสินใจdtàt-sǐn-jaiเปลี่ยนbplìianแผนpɛ̌ɛnเพราะprɔ́มีmiiหลักฐานlàk-tǎanเชิงวิชาการchəəng-wí-chaa-gaanที่tîiทำให้tam-hâiข้อโต้แย้งkɔ̂ɔ-dtôo-yɛ́ɛngเดิมdəəmไม่น่าเชื่อmâi-nâa-chʉ̂ʉaถือtʉ̌ʉ
I decided to change the plan because there is an academic foundation that undermines the original argument.
ค่านิยมkâa-ní-yomเรื่องrʉ̂ʉangความเท่าเทียมkwaam-tâo-tiiamเป็นbpenหลักฐานlàk-tǎanทางจริยธรรมtaang-jà-rí-yá-tamที่tîiใช้cháiประกอบการbprà-gɔ̀ɔp-gaanตัดสินใจdtàt-sǐn-jaiเชิงนโยบายchəəng-ná-yoo-baaiของเราkɔ̌ɔng-rao
The value of equality is a moral basis used to inform our policy decisions.
4Noun
stable footing; settled, secure position in life
A settled, secure position in life, with a stable job, home or income, as in มีหลักฐานมั่นคง.
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillอยากyàakอยากyàak1[to] want; desire2to crave; to long forมีmiiมีmii1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoหลักฐานlàk-tǎanหลักฐานlàk-tǎan1evidence; proof2documentary evidence; supporting document3basis; grounds (abstract)4stable footing; settled, secure position in lifeมั่นคงmân-kongมั่นคงmân-kong1stable; steady2secure (finance/job/state)ก่อนgɔ̀ɔnก่อนgɔ̀ɔn1before; earlier; previously; first2previous; prior; formerแต่งงานdtɛ̀ng-ngaanแต่งงานdtɛ̀ng-ngaan[to] get married; marry
He wants to be settled and secure before getting married.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
Why is หลักฐาน said หลัก-ถาน?
làk-tǎan
The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classHigh classLeading หA silent ห before ล puts this syllable in high class.
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingDead syllableEnds in -ก, a stop, so it is dead.
High class consonants
ขฃฉฐถผฝศษสห
Result
Low tone
làk
Starts low and stays low, easing slightly down.
High class + No tone mark + Dead syllable → Low
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |
Word Breakdown
หลักlàkหลักlàk1main; principal; primary2principle; basis; foundation3post; pillar; stake4classifier: posts; stakes; digit positionsmain; principal; primaryPart 1
+
ฐานtǎanฐานtǎan1base; foundation2base (operations)3basis; grounds4[on the] charge of; for the offence of (ฐาน + alleged offence)5base (mathematics)6rank; social standingbase; foundationPart 2
หลักฐานlàk-tǎanหลักฐานlàk-tǎanevidence; proofevidence; proofWord