ตา
dtaaMeanings
1NounA1
eye
the organ used for seeing
Examples
ตาdtaaตาdtaa1eye2grandfather (maternal)3grid square; mesh4turn (in a game)5eye (classifier for small holes/mesh openings)ของฉันkɔ̌ɔng-chǎnของฉันkɔ̌ɔng-chǎnmy; mineเจ็บjèpเจ็บjèp1sore; painful2[to] hurt; be in pain3hurt (emotionally)4injuredเพราะprɔ́เพราะprɔ́1because2because of; due to3melodious; pleasant-soundingฝุ่นfùnฝุ่นfùn1dust; fine dry particles2particulate matter (air pollution)เข้าตาkâo-dtaaเข้าตาkâo-dtaa1[to] get into the eye2[to] catch someone's eye; attract favorable attention3[to] impress; meet the mark
My eye hurts because dust got in it.
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She has very beautiful black eyes.
The doctor told me to rest my eyes because I stared at the screen for too long.
Wash your face and be careful not to let soapy water get into your eyes.
2NounA2
grandfather (maternal)
mother’s father; maternal grandfather
Examples
ตาdtaaตาdtaa1eye2grandfather (maternal)3grid square; mesh4turn (in a game)5eye (classifier for small holes/mesh openings)อยู่yùuอยู่yùu1[to] live; reside; stay2to be (located); be at3progressive/continuative marker4to exist; remainบ้านbâanบ้านbâan1house; home2home (family unit)3village; hometown4classifier: หลังต่างจังหวัดdtàang-jang-wàtต่างจังหวัดdtàang-jang-wàt1upcountry; outside the capital2provincial; out-of-town
My maternal grandfather lives upcountry.
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Yesterday I visited my maternal grandfather at the hospital.
Tomorrow my maternal grandfather will come to see his grandchild in Bangkok.
ตาdtaaชอบchɔ̂ɔpเล่าเรื่องlâo-rʉ̂ʉangสมัยก่อนsà-mǎi-gɔ̀ɔnให้hâiพวกเราpûuak-raoฟังfangเวลาwee-laaมาmaaรวมญาติruuam-yâat
Grandpa loves to tell us stories from the old days when the family gathers.
3NounB1
grid square; mesh
a space or opening in a pattern such as a square on a board, a stitch, or a hole in a net/sieve
Examples
เข็มถักkěm-tàkเข็มถักkěm-tàk1classifier: เล่ม2crochet hook3knitting needleพลาดplâatพลาดplâat1[to] miss; fail to catch; fail to attend2[to] make a mistake; slip up3mistaken; in errorหนึ่งnʉ̀ngหนึ่งnʉ̀ng1one (number)2a; one; a single3a certain; a particular4first; top; foremostตาdtaaตาdtaa1eye2grandfather (maternal)3grid square; mesh4turn (in a game)5eye (classifier for small holes/mesh openings)ผ้าพันคอpâa-pan-kɔɔผ้าพันคอpâa-pan-kɔɔscarf; neckerchiefเลยləəiเลยləəi1at all; whatsoever (often in negatives)2so; thus; then (immediate result)3completely; absolutely (emphasis)4[to] pass; go beyond; exceedเป็นรูbpen-ruuเป็นรูbpen-ruuhaving a hole; perforated
She missed one stitch, so the scarf ended up with a hole.
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A chessboard has alternating colored squares.
ผู้เฒ่าpûu-tâoสอนปะชุนsɔ̌ɔn-bpà-chunอวนuuanโดยdooiนับnápจำนวนjam-nuuanตาdtaaอวนuuanให้hâiเท่ากันtâo-ganทั้งสองtáng-sɔ̌ɔngฝั่งfàng
The elder taught mending a fishing net by counting the mesh openings so both sides match.
ตะแกรงdtà-graengที่têeตาdtaaละเอียดlá-ìiatช่วยchûuaiกรองgrongผงpŏngได้ดีdâai deeแต่dtàeใช้cháiไปbpaiนานๆnaan naanจะjàอุดตันùt dtanง่ายngâai
A sieve with fine holes filters powder well but tends to clog over time.
4NounB1
turn (in a game)
one move or turn in a game; a round
Examples
ตอนนี้dtɔɔn-níiตอนนี้dtɔɔn-níi1now; at the moment2this time/this moment (time noun)ถึงtʉ̌ngถึงtʉ̌ng1to; until; up to2[to] arrive; reach3to; toward (recipient/goal)4even if; even though5as much as; as many as; to the point of6about; concerning; regardingตาdtaaตาdtaa1eye2grandfather (maternal)3grid square; mesh4turn (in a game)5eye (classifier for small holes/mesh openings)ฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)แล้วlɛ́ɛoแล้วlɛ́ɛo1already; now (as of this point)2then; and then; after that3already; completed-action marker4and; and then (linking clauses)ฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)จะjàจะjà1will; shall (future/intention marker)2about to; going to (near future, often w/ กำลังจะ)3will; would (in conditional results)ทอยtɔɔiทอยtɔɔi[to] toss; [to] cast (dice)ลูกเต๋าlûuk-dtǎoลูกเต๋าlûuk-dtǎodie; dice
It's my turn now; I'm going to roll the dice.
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In this game, each person plays two rounds, then we add up the scores.
เมื่อกี้mʉ̂ʉa-gîiถึงtʉ̌ngตาdtaaเธอtəəไปแล้วbpai-lɛ́ɛoดังนั้นdang-nánตาdtaaนี้níiเป็นbpenของเขาkɔ̌ɔng-kǎo
It was your turn just now, so this turn is his.
5ClassifierB2
eye (classifier for small holes/mesh openings)
classifier used for counts of mesh openings or small holes (e.g., net mesh size)
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillวัดwátวัดwát1to measure2Buddhist temple3to gauge; assessขนาดkà-nàatขนาดkà-nàat1size; dimension; magnitude2degree; extent3to such an extent; that much4even; to the extent that5as; to the extent of6very; extremely (Northern Thai)ตาข่ายdtaa-kàaiตาข่ายdtaa-kàai1net; mesh2mesh; lattice patternได้dâaiได้dâai1okay; sure; agreed2[to] get; obtain; receive3can; [to] be able to; may4[to] manage to; succeed in5actualized-action markerสองsɔ̌ɔngสองsɔ̌ɔng1two; 22secondนิ้วníuนิ้วníu1finger; toe2inch (unit)3classifier: fingers; toes; inchesต่อdtɔ̀ɔต่อdtɔ̀ɔ1[to] continue; go on2per; each (rate/unit)3[to] connect; attach; join4[to] bargain; haggle5[to] renew; extendหนึ่งnʉ̀ngหนึ่งnʉ̀ng1one (number)2a; one; a single3a certain; a particular4first; top; foremostตาdtaaตาdtaa1eye2grandfather (maternal)3grid square; mesh4turn (in a game)5eye (classifier for small holes/mesh openings)เหมาะmɔ̀เหมาะmɔ̀1suitable; appropriate; fitting2[to] suit; be appropriateสำหรับsǎm-ràpสำหรับsǎm-ràp1for; intended for; for the purpose of2as for; regardingจับjàpจับjàp1[to] hold; grasp2[to] touch; feel3[to] catch; seize; capture4[to] arrest5[to] detect; pick up; sense6[to] attack; come on (of fever)ปลาเล็กbplaa-lékปลาเล็กbplaa-lék1small fish2(figurative) a minor player; small fry
He measured the net mesh as two inches per opening, suitable for catching small fish.
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This mosquito net has very fine mesh; not even a single opening lets mosquitoes through.
โรงงานroong-ngaanกำหนดgam-nòtมาตรฐานmâat-dtrà-tǎanว่าwâaตะแกรงdtà-grɛɛngต้องมีdtɔ̂ng-miiตาdtaaไม่เกินmâi-gəənหนึ่งnʉ̀ngมิลลิเมตรmin-lí-méetเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaกรองgrɔɔngผงpǒngละเอียดlá-ìiat
The factory stipulates that the sieve must have openings no larger than one millimeter to filter fine powder.
ช่างchângประมงbprà-mongสั่งทำsàng-tamอวนuuanตาdtaaละláสามsǎamเซนติเมตรseen-dtì-méetเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaหลีกเลี่ยงlìik-lîiangการติดgaan-dtìtสัตว์น้ำsàt-náamวัยอ่อนwai-ɔ̀ɔn
The fisherman ordered a net with three-centimeter openings per mesh to avoid catching juvenile marine animals.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableA long vowel with no final consonant, so it is live.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Mid tone
dtaa
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Mid class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |