วิจาร
wí-jaanMeanings
1NounC1
consideration; reflection; examination (formal/lit.)
careful consideration or reflective thought; thoughtful examination of [sth]. Formal/literary.
Examples
แผนงานpɛ̌ɛn-ngaanแผนงานpɛ̌ɛn-ngaan1work plan; project plan2program plan; schemeนี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)ยังyangยังyang1still; continuing2not yet (with ไม่)3yet? (question use)4still/even (emphatic degree)5to; towardมีmiiมีmii1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoจุดอ่อนjùt-ɔ̀ɔnจุดอ่อนjùt-ɔ̀ɔn1weakness; weak point2soft spot; susceptibilityอยู่yùuอยู่yùu1[to] live; reside; stay2to be (located); be at3progressive/continuative marker4to exist; remainหลายแห่งlǎai-hɛ̀ngหลายแห่งlǎai-hɛ̀ngin many placesควรkuuanควรkuuan1should; ought to2appropriate; proper; suitable3[to] deserve; be worthy ofนำไปnam-bpaiนำไปnam-bpai[to] take; carry; bring [sb/sth] (away/to somewhere)วิจารwí-jaanวิจารwí-jaan1consideration; reflection; examination (formal/lit.)2sustained thought (Buddhism)ให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3to; for [sb] (recipient)4[to] have [sb] do; cause to5for (benefit of)6so that; in order to7until; to the point that (result)รอบคอบrɔ̂ɔp-kɔ̂ɔpรอบคอบrɔ̂ɔp-kɔ̂ɔp1careful; thorough2prudent; judiciousกว่าgwàaกว่าgwàa1than (comparative marker)2more than; overนี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)
This plan still has several weaknesses; it should be taken for more careful consideration.
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ก่อนจะgɔ̀ɔn-jàพิพากษาpí-pâak-sǎaคดีká-diiผู้พิพากษาpûu-pí-pâak-sǎaต้องdtɔ̂ngใช้cháiวิจารwí-jaanอย่างถี่ถ้วนyàang-tìi-tûuanกับgàpพยานหลักฐานpá-yaan-làk-tǎanทุกtúkชิ้นchín
Before delivering a verdict, the judge must apply thorough consideration to every piece of evidence.
การgaanจะjàตัดสินdtàt-sĭnว่าwâaสิ่งใดsìng daiถูกtòokหรือrĕuผิดpìtอย่างแท้จริงyàang tâe jingนั้นnánจำเป็นต้องjam bpen dtôngอาศัยaa-săiวิจารwí-jaanอันanสุขุมคัมภีรภาพsù-kŭm kam-pee-rá-pâapปราศจากอคติbpràat-sà-jàak à-ká-dtìใดๆdai daiทั้งปวงtáng bpuuang
To truly judge whether something is right or wrong requires profound and careful consideration, free from all biases.
ร่างrâangนโยบายná-yoo-baaiฉบับchà-bàpนี้níiต้องdtɔ̂ngผ่านpàanกระบวนการgrà-buuan-gaanวิจารwí-jaanจากjàakคณะká-náกรรมการผู้ทรงคุณวุฒิgam-má-gaan-pûu-song-kun-ná-wútอีกìikหลายlǎaiขั้นตอนkân-dtɔɔnเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiเกิดประโยชน์gə̀ət-bprà-yòotสูงสุดsǔung-sùtต่อdtɔ̀ɔสาธารณะsǎa-taa-rá-ná
This draft policy must go through several more stages of careful examination by the committee of experts to ensure maximum public benefit.
2NounC2
sustained thought (Buddhism)
in Buddhism, the mental factor of sustained thought or continued examination of an object, paired with initial thought (วิตกวิตกwí-dtòk1anxious; worried2[to] worry; be anxious (about [sth])3anxiety; worry) in meditation.
Examples
ในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)การปฏิบัติสมาธิgaan-bpà-dtì-bàt-sà-maa-tíการปฏิบัติสมาธิgaan-bpà-dtì-bàt-sà-maa-tímeditation practiceเมื่อmʉ̂ʉaเมื่อmʉ̂ʉa1when; at the time that2at; in; on (with time expressions)มีmiiมีmii1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoวิตกwí-dtòkวิตกwí-dtòk1anxious; worried2[to] worry; be anxious (about [sth])3anxiety; worryคือkʉʉคือkʉʉ1to be (definition/identification)2namely; that is; i.e.การยกgaan-yókการยกgaan-yóklifting; raising; hoisting (the act)จิตjìtจิตjìt1mind; psyche2mind; consciousness; spirit (Buddhist/psychological)3mind; mental- (bound form)ขึ้นสู่kʉ̂n-sùuขึ้นสู่kʉ̂n-sùu1[to] go/ascend to (a place or height)2[to] rise/advance to (rank, level, state)อารมณ์aa-romอารมณ์aa-rom1mood; feeling2emotion; feeling3temper; disposition4artistic mood; tone5sexual mood; libido (colloq.)แล้วlɛ́ɛoแล้วlɛ́ɛo1already; now (as of this point)2then; and then; after that3already; completed-action marker4and; and then (linking clauses)ก็gɔ̂ก็gɔ̂1also; too2then; so (sequence/result)3conditional marker (if… then…)4well; after all (emphasis/justification)5topic/resumption markerจะมีjà-miiจะมีjà-miithere will be; [to] have (in the future)วิจารwí-jaanวิจารwí-jaan1consideration; reflection; examination (formal/lit.)2sustained thought (Buddhism)คือkʉʉคือkʉʉ1to be (definition/identification)2namely; that is; i.e.การgaanการgaan1nominalizer2work; business; task3affair; matterประคองbprà-kɔɔngประคองbprà-kɔɔng1[to] support; steady2[to] sustain; keep going carefullyจิตjìtจิตjìt1mind; psyche2mind; consciousness; spirit (Buddhist/psychological)3mind; mental- (bound form)ให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3to; for [sb] (recipient)4[to] have [sb] do; cause to5for (benefit of)6so that; in order to7until; to the point that (result)อยู่yùuอยู่yùu1[to] live; reside; stay2to be (located); be at3progressive/continuative marker4to exist; remainกับgàpกับgàp1with; together with2and (informal)3side dish; accompaniment4against; versus5to; toward (recipient/target)6classifier: sets/pairs (spoon and fork)อารมณ์aa-romอารมณ์aa-rom1mood; feeling2emotion; feeling3temper; disposition4artistic mood; tone5sexual mood; libido (colloq.)นั้นnánนั้นnán1that (distal demonstrative)2that one; that thing3(topic-marking or emphatic particle)ต่อไปdtɔ̀ɔ-bpaiต่อไปdtɔ̀ɔ-bpai1on; further (continue doing sth)2next; following (in order)3from now on; henceforth4next; subsequent
In meditation practice, when there is vitakka, which is lifting the mind to an object, there will then be vicara, which is sustaining the mind on that object.
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ผู้ปฏิบัติpôo bpà-dtì-bàtที่têeเข้าถึงkâo tĕungปฐมฌานbpà-tŏm chaanจะjàประจักษ์ชัดbprà-jàk chátถึงtĕungองค์ongฌานchaanทั้งห้าtáng hâaซึ่งsêungประกอบด้วยbprà-gòp dûuaiวิตกwí-dtòkวิจารwí-jaanปีติbpee-dtìสุขsùkและláeเอกัคคตาay-gàk-ká-dtaa
A practitioner who attains the first jhana will clearly perceive the five jhana factors, which consist of vitakka, vicara, piti, sukha, and ekaggata.
การเจริญgaan-jà-rəənวิจารwí-jaanให้hâiชำนาญcham-naanจะjàช่วยให้chûuai-hâiจิตjìtของkɔ̌ɔngผู้ภาวนาpûu-paa-wá-naaคลายklaaiจากjàakความkwaamฟุ้งซ่านfúng-sâanและlɛ́สามารถsǎa-mâatพิจารณาpí-jaa-rá-naaอารมณ์กรรมฐานaa-rom-gam-má-tǎanได้dâaiอย่างต่อเนื่องyàang-dtɔ̀ɔ-nʉ̂ʉangและlɛ́ละเอียดลออlá-ìiat-lá-ɔɔ
Skillfully developing vicara helps the meditator's mind to be free from restlessness and enables continuous and subtle examination of the meditation object.
เมื่อmêuuaจิตjìtละเอียดประณีตlá-ìiat bprà-nêetขึ้นkêunจนjonเข้าสู่kâo sòoทุtúติdtìยyฌานchaanวิตกwí-dtòkและláeวิจารwí-jaanอันเป็นan bpenวจีwá-jeeสังขารsăng-kăanจะjàระงับrá-ngápดับไปdàp bpaiเหลือlĕuuaเพียงpiiangปีติbpee-dtìสุขsùkและláeเอกัคคตาay-gàk-ká-dtaaที่têeเป็นbpenองค์ongฌานchaanในnaiระดับนั้นrá-dàp nán
As the mind becomes more refined and enters the second jhana, vitakka and vicara, which are verbal formations, cease, leaving only piti, sukha, and ekaggata as the jhana factors at that level.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingDead syllableShort vowelA short vowel with no final consonant, so it is dead.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
High tone
wí
Starts high and keeps climbing.
Low class + No tone mark + Dead syllable · Short vowel → High
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |