ทุ
túMeanings
1NounC1
bad; wrong; difficult (prefix)
A prefix from Pali and Sanskrit that adds the meaning bad, wrong, or difficult to a word.
Examples
ครูkruuครูkruu1teacher2master; mentor (respectful)บอกว่าbɔ̀ɔk-wâaบอกว่าbɔ̀ɔk-wâa[to] say/tell that; report/declare thatทุtúทุtú1bad; wrong; difficult (prefix)2[to] pierce; break through (rare)ในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)คำว่าkam-wâaคำว่าkam-wâathe word/term (introductory marker)ทุจริตtút-jà-rìtทุจริตtút-jà-rìt1corrupt; fraudulent; dishonest2[to] commit fraud/corruption; act dishonestlyเป็นbpenเป็นbpen1to be (identity/category/state)2to become3[to] know how; be able to (skill)4alive; living5[to] have; suffer from; be in (a condition)คำเติมkam-dtəəmคำเติมkam-dtəəmaffixหน้าที่nâa-tîiหน้าที่nâa-tîi1duty; responsibility2function; roleหมายถึงmǎai-tʉ̌ngหมายถึงmǎai-tʉ̌ng[to] mean; denote; refer toไม่ดีmâi-diiไม่ดีmâi-dii1not good; bad; poor (quality/condition)2improper; immoral3not well; unwell; not okay4badly; poorly
The teacher said that “ทุ” in “ทุจริต” is a prefix meaning bad.
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ชาวบ้านchaao-bâanในnaiพื้นที่ทุรกันดารpʉ́ʉn-tîi-tú-rá-gan-daanต้องdtɔ̂ngเดินทางdəən-taangหลายlǎaiชั่วโมงchûua-moongกว่าจะgwàa-jàถึงtʉ̌ngโรงพยาบาลroong-pá-yaa-baan
Villagers in remote, hard-to-reach areas have to travel for several hours to reach a hospital.
การปกป้องgaan-bpòk-bpɔ̂ngพระpráทุศีลtú-sǐinเพียงpiiangเพราะprɔ́กลัวว่าgluua-wâaศาสนาsàat-sà-nǎaจะjàเสื่อมเสียsʉ̀ʉam-sǐiaกลับglàpยิ่งyîngบั่นทอนbàn-tɔɔnศรัทธาsàt-taaของkɔ̌ɔngผู้คนpûu-kon
Protecting monks who violate their precepts merely out of fear of damaging the religion’s reputation only further undermines people’s faith.
หากhàakปล่อยให้bplɔ̀i-hâiการทุจริตgaan-tút-jà-rìtกลายเป็นglaai-bpenเรื่องปกติrʉ̂ʉang-bpòk-gà-dtìในnaiสังคมsǎng-komความซื่อสัตย์kwaam-sʉ̂ʉ-sàtก็gɔ̂อาจàatถูกtùukมองว่าmɔɔng-wâaเป็นbpenความเสียเปรียบkwaam-sǐia-bprìiapแทนที่จะtɛɛn-tîi-jàเป็นbpenคุณธรรมkun-ná-tam
If corruption is allowed to become normal in society, honesty may come to be seen as a disadvantage rather than a virtue.
2VerbC2
[to] pierce; break through (rare)
To pierce or break through something, making an opening or hole.
Examples
คนร้ายkon-ráaiคนร้ายkon-ráai1criminal; culprit; perpetrator; assailant2villain (in fiction)ทุtúทุtú1bad; wrong; difficult (prefix)2[to] pierce; break through (rare)ฝาfǎaฝาfǎa1lid; cover2shutter; door leaf; panel3wall; partition; wall panel4twin; member of a twin pairไม้máaiไม้máai1wood; timber2stick; rod; club; bat3classifier: skewers of food4tone/diacritic mark (Thai orthography)5tool; implementด้านหลังdâan-lǎngด้านหลังdâan-lǎng1the back; the rear (side of something)2at the back; behind3behind; at the back of (followed by a noun)บ้านbâanบ้านbâan1house; home2home (family unit)3village; hometown4domestic; domesticated; cultivatedจนjonจนjon1poor2until; up to3so ... that; to the point ofเป็นbpenเป็นbpen1to be (identity/category/state)2to become3[to] know how; be able to (skill)4alive; living5[to] have; suffer from; be in (a condition)ช่องchɔ̂ngช่องchɔ̂ng1opening; gap; slot2TV channel; broadcast channel3compartment; section4field (form); input box5classifier for channels/slots6opportunity; window7lane; passageแล้วlɛ́ɛoแล้วlɛ́ɛo1already; now (as of this point)2then; and then; after that3already; completed-action marker4and; and then (linking clauses)มุดmútมุดmút1[to] duck under; squeeze through2[to] burrow into; crawl into3[to] weave through traffic; squeeze through (colloq.)เข้าไปkâo-bpaiเข้าไปkâo-bpai1[to] go in; enter (away from the speaker)2directional complement: into; in (away from speaker)ขโมยkà-mooiขโมยkà-mooi1[to] steal2thiefทรัพย์สินsáp-sǐnทรัพย์สินsáp-sǐnproperty; assets; belongings
The thief broke a hole through the wooden wall at the back of the house, then crawled inside to steal valuables.
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เมื่อmʉ̂ʉaไฟลามfai-laamปิดbpìtทางออกtaang-ɔ̀ɔkชายหนุ่มchaai-nùmจึงjʉngคว้าkwáaขวานkwǎanมาmaaทุtúฝาfǎaเรือนrʉʉanเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaเปิดทางbpə̀ət-taangให้hâiทุกคนtúk-konหนีnǐiออกมาɔ̀ɔk-maa
When the spreading fire blocked the exit, the young man grabbed an axe and broke through the house wall to create an escape route for everyone.
ทหารtá-hǎanกลุ่มglùmหนึ่งnʉ̀ngลอบlɔ̂ɔpทุtúกำแพงเมืองgam-pɛɛng-mʉʉangตรงจุดที่dtrong-jùt-tîiชำรุดcham-rútเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaเปิดช่องbpə̀ət-chɔ̂ngให้hâiพวกพ้องpûuak-pɔ́ɔngเล็ดลอดlét-lɔ̂ɔtเข้าไปkâo-bpai
A group of soldiers secretly breached a damaged section of the city wall to create an opening for their comrades to slip through.
ครั้นkránเห็นว่าhĕn wâaประตูbprà-dtuuถูกลงtòok longดาลdaanไว้wáiแน่นหนาnâen năaนักโทษnák tôhtจึงjeungค่อยkôiๆ-ทุtúฝาfăaห้องขังhông kăngจนjonเป็นbpenช่องchâwngพอporให้hâiร่างrâangอันanซูบผอมsôop pŏmลอดlôtออกไปòk bpaiได้dâi
Upon seeing that the door was securely barred, the prisoner gradually broke through the cell wall until the opening was large enough for his emaciated body to squeeze through.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingDead syllableShort vowelA short vowel with no final consonant, so it is dead.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
High tone
tú
Starts high and keeps climbing.
Low class + No tone mark + Dead syllable · Short vowel → High
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |