ข้าหลวง
kâa-lǔuangMeanings
1NounC1
royal attendant/retainer
a person who serves the king or the royal court (historical/formal), often including ladies-in-waiting in the inner court.
Examples
ในสมัยก่อนnai-sà-mǎi-gɔ̀ɔnในสมัยก่อนnai-sà-mǎi-gɔ̀ɔnin the past; formerlyลูกสาวlûuk-sǎaoลูกสาวlûuk-sǎaodaughterของkɔ̌ɔngของkɔ̌ɔng1of; belonging to2thing; item; stuff3property; goodsขุนนางkǔn-naangขุนนางkǔn-naangnoble; aristocrat; court officialมักจะmák-jàมักจะmák-jà1often; usually (habit/frequency)2tend to; be apt/prone to (general tendency)ถูกtùukถูกtùuk1cheap; inexpensive2correct; right3[to] touch; come into contact with [sb/sth]4to be correct/right5proper; morally right6[to] be affected; suffer (often adverse)7passive marker (often adverse)ส่งsòngส่งsòng1[to] send; dispatch2[to] submit; hand in; turn in3[to] drop off; deliver (someone/something)4[to] pass (to); feed (a ball)5[to] emit; transmit; send out6[to] escort; see off7wholesaleเข้าไปkâo-bpaiเข้าไปkâo-bpai1[to] go in; enter (away from the speaker)2directional complement: into; in (away from speaker)ถวายตัวtà-wǎai-dtuuaถวายตัวtà-wǎai-dtuua1[to] present oneself for royal service2[to] consecrate/devote oneself (to a deity or religion)3[historical] [to] become a royal consort/concubineเป็นbpenเป็นbpen1to be (identity/category/state)2to become3[to] know how; be able to (skill)4alive; living5[to] have; suffer from; be in (a condition)ข้าหลวงkâa-lǔuangข้าหลวงkâa-lǔuang1royal attendant/retainer2royal commissioner/governorในวังnai-wangในวังnai-wangin the palace
In the old days, the daughters of noblemen were often sent to be presented as royal court servants in the palace.
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ชีวิตchii-wítของkɔ̌ɔngข้าหลวงkâa-lǔuangในnaiเขตkèetพระราชฐานprá-râat-chá-tǎanชั้นในchán-naiมีmiiกฎระเบียบgòt-rá-bìiapที่tîiเข้มงวดkêm-ngûuatและlɛ́ต้องdtɔ̂ngอุทิศตนù-tít-dtonเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaรับใช้ráp-cháiเจ้านายjâo-naaiอย่างใกล้ชิดyàang-glâi-chít
The lives of royal servants in the inner court were governed by strict rules, and they had to dedicate themselves to serving their royal masters closely.
ตำแหน่งdtam-nɛ̀ngข้าหลวงkâa-lǔuangไม่ได้mâi-dâaiเป็นเพียงbpen-piiangผู้รับใช้pûu-ráp-cháiแต่ยังdtɛ̀ɛ-yangเป็นbpenผู้ที่pûu-tîiได้รับการศึกษาdâi-ráp-gaan-sʉ̀k-sǎaอบรมòp-romด้านdâanกิริยามารยาทgì-rí-yaa-maa-rá-yâatการเรือนgaan-rʉʉanและlɛ́ศิลปะsǐn-lá-bpàเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiสมกับsǒm-gàpหน้าที่nâa-tîiในnaiราชสำนักrâat-chá-sǎm-nák
The position of a royal court servant was not merely a servant, but also a person who received education and training in etiquette, household management, and the arts, to be worthy of their duties in the royal court.
จากjàakบันทึกban-têukทางประวัติศาสตร์taang bprà-wàt-sàatเราraoได้dâiเรียนรู้riian róoเกี่ยวกับgìiao gàpวิถีชีวิตwí-thĭi chee-wítและláeความคิดkwaam kítของkŏngเหล่าlàoข้าหลวงkâa lŭuangในวังหลวงnai wang lŭuangซึ่งsêungสะท้อนภาพsà-tón pâapสังคมsăng-komชั้นสูงchán sŏongในอดีตnai à-dèetได้dâiเป็นอย่างดีbpen yàang dee
From historical records, we learn about the way of life and thoughts of the royal court servants in the Grand Palace, which clearly reflects the high society of the past.
2NounC2
royal commissioner/governor
an official appointed by the king to run a region or carry out a mission, especially in the late 19th to early 20th century.
Examples
ในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)สมัยsà-măiสมัยsà-măi1period; era; age2term; tenure3during; in the time ofรัชกาลrát-chá-gaanรัชกาลrát-chá-gaanreign (of a monarch); specific numbered reignที่têeที่têe1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal marker5มีmeeมีmee1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoการส่งgaan sòngการส่งgaan sòng1sending; dispatch2delivery; shipping3submission; filing4pass (sports)5transmission; broadcasting (signals/data)ข้าหลวงkâa lŭuangข้าหลวงkâa lŭuang1royal attendant/retainer2royal commissioner/governorไปbpaiไปbpai1[to] go2away; off (directional complement/particle)3on; onward; continuously (aspect marker)4(aspect) completed; already past5too; excessivelyปกครองดูแลbpòk-krong doo-laeปกครองดูแลbpòk-krong doo-lae[to] govern and care for; administer and look afterหัวเมืองhŭua meuuangหัวเมืองhŭua meuuangprovincial town/city; upcountry (historical)ต่างๆdtàang-dtàangต่างๆdtàang-dtàangvarious; different; diverseเพื่อpêuuaเพื่อpêuua1for; in order to2for the sake of; on behalf ofรวบrûuapรวบrûuap1[to] gather; bring together; collect2[to] tie up; bundle; hold together3[to] arrest; apprehend; round upรวมอำนาจruuam am-nâatรวมอำนาจruuam am-nâat[to] centralize power; concentrate authorityเข้าสู่kâo sòoเข้าสู่kâo sòo1[to] enter; go into (a place/area)2[to] enter/transition into (a state/period/stage)ศูนย์กลางsŏon glaangศูนย์กลางsŏon glaang1center; hub (literal)2center; hub (figurative)
During the reign of King Rama V, royal commissioners were sent to govern various provincial towns in order to centralize power.
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ข้าหลวงkâa-lǔuangที่tîiถูกtùukส่งไปsòng-bpaiยังyangดินแดนdin-dɛɛnห่างไกลhàang-glaiต้องdtɔ̂ngเผชิญกับpà-chəən-gàpความท้าทายkwaam-táa-taaiในnaiการเจรจาgaan-jee-rá-jaaกับgàpเจ้าเมืองjâao-mʉʉangท้องถิ่นtɔ́ɔng-tìnและlɛ́มหาอำนาจmá-hǎa-am-nâatตะวันตกdtà-wan-dtòkที่tîiกำลังgam-langแผ่pɛ̀ɛอิทธิพลìt-tí-pon
Royal commissioners sent to distant territories had to face the challenge of negotiating with local rulers and the encroaching Western powers.
พระบาทสมเด็จพระจุลจอมเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัวprá-bàat-sǒm-dèt-prá-jun-lá-jɔɔm-glâao-jâao-yùu-hǔuaทรงแต่งตั้งsong-dtɛ̀ng-dtângให้hâiมีmiiตำแหน่งdtam-nɛ̀ngข้าหลวงkâa-lǔuangพิเศษpí-sèetออกไปɔ̀ɔk-bpaiปักปันเขตแดนbpàk-bpan-kèet-dɛɛnกับgàpฝรั่งเศสfà-ràng-sèetเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaรักษาrák-sǎaอธิปไตยà-típ-bpà-dtaiของkɔ̌ɔngสยามsà-yǎam
King Chulalongkorn appointed special commissioners to demarcate the border with the French in order to preserve Siam's sovereignty.
การศึกษาgaan-sʉ̀k-sǎaบทบาทbòt-bàatของkɔ̌ɔngข้าหลวงkâa-lǔuangในnaiยุคyúkปฏิรูปbpà-dtì-rûupประเทศbprà-têetเผยให้เห็นpə̌əi-hâi-hěnความซับซ้อนkwaam-sáp-sɔ́ɔnของkɔ̌ɔngการเปลี่ยนผ่านgaan-bplìian-pàanจากjàakระบบrá-bòpเจ้าเมืองjâao-mʉʉangแบบเก่าbɛ̀ɛp-gàoมาสู่maa-sùuการบริหารราชการแผ่นดินgaan-bɔɔ-rí-hǎan-râat-chá-gaan-pɛ̀n-dinแบบbɛ̀ɛpสมัยใหม่sà-mǎi-mài
Studying the role of the royal commissioners during the era of national reform reveals the complexity of the transition from the old system of local lords to modern state administration.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classHigh class
- Tone markMai tho
- Syllable endingLive syllableNot needed here: the tone mark decides.
High class consonants
ขฃฉฐถผฝศษสห
Result
Falling tone
kâa
Starts high, rises a little, then drops clearly.
High class + Mai tho → Falling
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |
Word Breakdown
ข้าkâaข้าkâa1I; me (archaic/poetic; rustic)2servant; subject (historical)3I; me (deferential to royalty, historical formula)I; me (archaic/poetic; rustic)Part 1
+
หลวงlǔuangหลวงlǔuang1royal; of the king2state; public; official3honorific element for monks and Buddha images4Luang; a traditional Thai noble rankroyal; of the kingPart 2
ข้าหลวงkâa-lǔuangข้าหลวงkâa-lǔuangroyal attendant/retainerroyal attendant/retainerWord