ขืน
kʉ̌ʉnMeanings
1VerbB2
[to] resist; hold out
To oppose or withstand force, pressure, or an attempt; to struggle against something.
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillพยายามpá-yaa-yaamพยายามpá-yaa-yaam[to] try; attemptขืนkʉ̌ʉnขืนkʉ̌ʉn1[to] resist; hold out2[to] force; compel3if (against advice); despiteตัวdtuuaตัวdtuua1body; self; person (colloq.)2classifier: animals, garments, furniture, certain items; people (informal)3character; figureให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3[to] have [sb] do; cause to4for (benefit of)5so that; in order to6until; to the point that (result)ลุกขึ้นlúk-kʉ̂nลุกขึ้นlúk-kʉ̂n1[to] get up; stand up; rise2[to] rise up; take action; rebelแม้mɛ́ɛแม้mɛ́ɛ1even if; although; even though2evenจะjàจะjà1will; shall (future/intention marker)2about to; going to (near future, often w/ กำลังจะ)3will; would (in conditional results)ได้รับบาดเจ็บdâi-ráp-bàat-jèpได้รับบาดเจ็บdâi-ráp-bàat-jèp[to] sustain injuries; [to] be woundedที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerขาkǎaขาkǎa1leg (body part)2leg/foot (of furniture or object)3polite calling or answering particle (female speech)4classifier: legs (of animals/objects)5enthusiast; regular; participant
He tried to struggle to his feet, even though his leg was injured.
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เด็กน้อยdèk-nɔ́ɔiดิ้นรนdîn-ronขืนkʉ̌ʉnตัวdtuuaอยู่ในyùu-naiอ้อมแขนɔ̂ɔm-kɛ̌ɛnของkɔ̌ɔngแม่mɛ̂ɛไม่ยอมให้mâi-yɔɔm-hâiฉีดยาchìit-yaa
The little child struggled in his mother's arms, refusing to get the injection.
ถึงจะtʉ̌ng-jàพยายามpá-yaa-yaamขืนkʉ̌ʉnแรงดึงดูดrɛɛng-dʉng-dùutของkɔ̌ɔngโลกlôokเพียงใดpiiang-daiสุดท้ายsùt-táaiวัตถุwát-tùก็gɔ̂ต้องdtɔ̂ngตกลงdtòk-longสู่sùuพื้นpʉ́ʉn
No matter how much you try to resist the pull of gravity, an object must eventually fall to the ground.
เธอtəəต้องdtɔ̂ngขืนkʉ̌ʉnความรู้สึกkwaam-rúu-sʉ̀kเศร้าโศกsâo-sòokเอาไว้ao-wáiเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaเป็นbpenเสาหลักsǎo-làkให้กับhâi-gàpครอบครัวkrɔ̂ɔp-kruuaในnaiช่วงเวลาchûuang-wee-laaที่tîiยากลำบากyâak-lam-bàak
She had to fight against her feelings of sorrow in order to be a pillar for her family during the difficult time.
2VerbC1
[to] force; compel
To force or compel someone against their will.
Examples
โจรjooโจรjoo1thief; robber2bandit; brigandใช้cháiใช้chái1[to] use; employ2[to] spend (money); pay; expend3[to] require; take (time/effort/amount)4[to] tell [sb] to do [sth]; assign; orderปืนbpʉʉnปืนbpʉʉn1gun; firearm2gun (as a type: water/BB/air gun)ขืนkʉ̌ʉnขืนkʉ̌ʉn1[to] resist; hold out2[to] force; compel3if (against advice); despiteให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3[to] have [sb] do; cause to4for (benefit of)5so that; in order to6until; to the point that (result)พนักงานpá-nák-ngaanพนักงานpá-nák-ngaan1employee; staff member; worker2attendant; clerk (service role)เปิดbpə̀ətเปิดbpə̀ət1[to] open; uncover; unwrap2[to] turn on; switch on3[to] start; launch; open for businessตู้เซฟdtûu-sêepตู้เซฟdtûu-sêepsafe; strongbox
The robber used a gun to force the employee to open the safe.
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เขาkǎoอ้างว่าâang-wâaถูกtùukขืนkʉ̌ʉnให้hâiลงนามlong-naamในnaiสัญญาsǎn-yaaที่tîiไม่เป็นธรรมmâi-bpen-tamฉบับchà-bàpนั้นnán
He claimed he was coerced into signing that unfair contract.
กฎหมายgòt-măaiบัญญัติไว้ban-yàt wáiชัดเจนchát-jenว่าwâaการขืนใจgaan kĕun jaiผู้อื่นpôo èunให้hâiกระทำการgrà-tam gaanใดๆdai daiโดยdoiไม่mâiสมัครใจsà-màk jaiถือเป็นtĕu bpenความผิดkwaam pìtทางอาญาtaang aa-yaa
The law clearly states that coercing another person to do anything against their will is a criminal offense.
พยานpá-yaanให้การhâi gaanว่าwâaจำเลยjam loeiได้dâiขืนkĕunเอาaoกุญแจรถgun-jae rótไปbpaiจากjàakผู้เสียหายpôo sĭia hăaiโดยdoiใช้กำลังchái gam-langประทุษร้ายbprà-tút-ráai
The witness testified that the defendant had forcibly taken the car keys from the victim by using physical violence.
3ConjunctionC1
if (against advice); despite
Used before a clause to indicate doing something contrary to advice, warnings, or circumstances, often implying a bad outcome (e.g., ขืนไปก็อันตราย).
Examples
ขืนkĕunขืนkĕun1[to] resist; hold out2[to] force; compel3if (against advice); despiteออกไปòk bpaiออกไปòk bpai1[to] go out; leave; exit2Get out!3[to] lead out to; extend toตอนนี้dton néeตอนนี้dton née1now; at the moment2this time/this moment (time noun)ก็gâwก็gâw1also; too2then; so (sequence/result)3conditional marker (if… then…)4well; after all (emphasis/justification)5topic/resumption markerเปียกbpìiakเปียกbpìiak1wet; damp2[to] get wetฝนfŏnฝนfŏn1rain2[to] file; grind; honeแน่ๆnâe nâeแน่ๆnâe nâedefinitely; for sure; certainlyเพราะpráwเพราะpráw1because2because of; due to3melodious; pleasant-soundingฝนfŏnฝนfŏn1rain2[to] file; grind; honeกำลังgam-langกำลังgam-lang1currently; in the middle of2power; strength3power (physics)4troops; forcesตกหนักdtòk nàkตกหนักdtòk nàk1[to] fall heavily; rain heavily2[to] fall heavily on [sb/sth]; be chiefly borne by [sb]เลยloieเลยloie1at all; whatsoever (often in negatives)2so; thus; then (immediate result)3completely; absolutely (emphasis)4[to] pass; go beyond; exceed
If you insist on going out now, you'll definitely get soaked, because it's raining heavily.
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ขืนkʉ̌ʉnยังyangทำงานtam-ngaanแบบbɛ̀ɛpไม่mâiวางแผนwaang-pɛ̌ɛnต่อไปdtɔ̀ɔ-bpaiมีmiiหวังว่าwǎng-wâaโครงการkroong-gaanนี้níiคงไม่kong-mâiสำเร็จsǎm-rètตามdtaamกำหนดgam-nòt
If we persist in working without a plan like this, it's likely this project won't be completed on schedule.
ขืนkĕunคุณkunยังyangนิ่งเฉยnîng chŏeiไม่รีบmâi rêepชี้แจงchée-jaengข้อกล่าวหาkôr glàao hăaปล่อยให้bplòi hâiข่าวลือkàao leuuแพร่สะพัดprâe sà-pátไปเรื่อยๆbpai rêuuai rêuuaiเกรงว่าgreng wâaชื่อเสียงchêuu sĭiangที่têeสั่งสมมาsàng sŏm maaจะjàพังพินาศpang pí-nâat
If you continue to remain silent and don't hasten to clarify the accusations, letting the rumors spread, I'm afraid the reputation you've built up will be ruined.
ในnaiสถานการณ์sà-tǎa-ná-gaanที่tîiตึงเครียดdtʉng-krîiatเช่นนี้chên-níiขืนkʉ̌ʉnพูดpûutอะไรà-raiไม่เข้าหูmâi-kâo-hǔuผู้มีอำนาจpûu-mii-am-nâatอาจàatเป็นbpenการหาเรื่องใส่ตัวgaan-hǎa-rʉ̂ʉang-sài-dtuuaโดยdooiไม่จำเป็นmâi-jam-bpen
In a tense situation like this, if you dare to say something that displeases those in power, it could be unnecessarily asking for trouble.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classHigh class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -น, a sonorant, so it is live.
High class consonants
ขฃฉฐถผฝศษสห
Result
Rising tone
kʉ̌ʉn
Dips low first, then rises clearly.
High class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Rising
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |