เทือก
tʉ̂ʉakMeanings
1NounB2
range; chain (esp. mountains)
a long connected series in a chain-like form, especially a mountain range (commonly in compounds such as เทือกเขาเทือกเขาtʉ̂ʉak-kǎomountain range ‘mountain range’)
Examples
จากjàakจากjàak1from; away from2[to] leave; depart; part from3nipa palmยอดดอยyɔ̂ɔt-dɔɔiยอดดอยyɔ̂ɔt-dɔɔimountaintop; summitนี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)มองmɔɔngมองmɔɔng1[to] look at2[to] watch; observe3[to] view; regard; considerไปbpaiไปbpai1[to] go2away; off (directional complement/particle)3on; onward; continuously (aspect marker)4(aspect) completed; already past5too; excessivelyเห็นhěnเห็นhěn1[to] see2[to] notice; [to] realize; [to] find (that)3[to] think; [to] be of the opinion4[to] consider; [to] regard asเทือกเขาtʉ̂ʉak-kǎoเทือกเขาtʉ̂ʉak-kǎomountain rangeซ้อนกันsɔ́ɔn-ganซ้อนกันsɔ́ɔn-ganstacked; overlappingไกลglaiไกลglai1far; distant2far; to a distant place3far (in time/relationship); distantสุดสายตาsùt-sǎai-dtaaสุดสายตาsùt-sǎai-dtaaas far as the eye can see
From this peak, you can see mountain ranges layered as far as the eye can see.
3 more examplesShow less
หมู่mòoบ้านเล็กbâan lékๆ-ตั้งอยู่dtâng yòoริมrimเทือกเขาtêuuak kăoที่têeทอดยาวtôt yaaoตามdtaamชายแดนchaai daen
The small village is located along a mountain range that stretches along the border.
นักnákธรณีวิทยาศึกษาtɔɔ-rá-nii-wít-tá-yaa-sʉ̀k-sǎaการก่อตัวgaan-gɔ̀ɔ-dtuuaของkɔ̌ɔngเทือกเขาtʉ̂ʉak-kǎoเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaทำความเข้าใจtam-kwaam-kâo-jaiการเคลื่อนที่gaan-klʉ̂ʉan-tîiของkɔ̌ɔngแผ่นเปลือกโลกpɛ̀n-bplʉ̀ʉak-lôok
Geologists study the formation of mountain ranges to understand the movement of tectonic plates.
ลมมรสุมlom-mɔɔ-rá-sǔmที่tîiพัดผ่านpát-pàanเทือกเขาtʉ̂ʉak-kǎoสูงsǔungทำให้เกิดtam-hâi-gə̀ətฝนตกหนักfǒn-dtòk-nàkด้านdâanสันเขาsǎn-kǎoและlɛ́เงาngaoฝนfǒnด้านdâanอ่าวàao
Monsoon winds passing over the high mountain range cause heavy rainfall on the windward side and a rain shadow on the bay side.
2NounC1
lineage; stock; kind
An ancestral line or stock; by extension, a kind or class of people or things.
Examples
ฉันchǎnฉันchǎn1I; me2[to] eat (of Buddhist monks and novices)ไม่mâiไม่mâi1not (negator)2no (reply)คบkópคบkóp1[to] associate with; keep company with; be friends with2[to] date (romantically); be in a relationshipคนkonคนkon1person; human2classifier: people3[to] stir; mix by stirringเทือกtʉ̂ʉakเทือกtʉ̂ʉak1range; chain (esp. mountains)2lineage; stock; kind3puddled soil; prepared rice seedbedนี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)หรอกrɔ̀kหรอกrɔ̀k1emphatic denial (actually not; certainly not)2assurance/softener particle (explanatory tone)วันwanวันwan1day2daytime; daylight3classifier: daysเอาแต่ao-dtɛ̀ɛเอาแต่ao-dtɛ̀ɛonly; nothing butโกหกgoo-hòkโกหกgoo-hòk1[to] lie; tell a lie2lie; falsehood (uncommon as a noun)คนอื่นkon-ʉ̀ʉnคนอื่นkon-ʉ̀ʉn1other people; others2someone else; another person
I don't associate with people of this sort. All they do is lie to others.
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ยายyaaiเล่าlâoว่าwâaเทือกเถาเหล่ากอtʉ̂ʉak-tǎo-lào-gɔɔของเราkɔ̌ɔng-raoอยู่yùuแถวนี้tɛ̌ɛo-níiมาmaaตั้งdtângแต่ก่อนdtɛ̀ɛ-gɔ̀ɔnมีmiiถนนtà-nǒn
Grandma said our family roots in this area go back to before there were roads.
การขุดgaan-kùtคุ้ยkúiเทือกเถาเหล่ากอtʉ̂ʉak-tǎo-lào-gɔɔของเขาkɔ̌ɔng-kǎoมาmaaโจมตีjoom-dtiiไม่ได้mâi-dâaiช่วยให้chûuai-hâiข้อกล่าวหาkɔ̂ɔ-glàao-hǎaของkɔ̌ɔngคุณkunมีmiiน้ำnáamหนักขึ้นnàk-kʉ̂nเลยləəi
Digging into his ancestry to attack him does nothing to make your accusations more convincing.
นักต้มตุ๋นnák-dtôm-dtǔnเทือกtʉ̂ʉakนี้níiมักmákอาศัยaa-sǎiความไว้เนื้อเชื่อใจkwaam-wái-nʉ́ʉa-chʉ̂ʉa-jaiของkɔ̌ɔngเหยื่อyʉ̀ʉaมากกว่าmâak-gwàaจะjàใช้cháiคำขู่kam-kùuให้hâiหวาดกลัวwàat-gluua
Con artists of this sort tend to exploit their victims' trust rather than intimidate them with threats.
3NounC2
puddled soil; prepared rice seedbed
Land ploughed and harrowed into soft mud, especially for sowing rice seedlings.
Examples
ก่อนgɔ̀ɔnก่อนgɔ̀ɔn1before; earlier; previously; first2previous; prior; formerหว่านwàanหว่านwàan1to sow; scatter (seeds)2to sprinkle; strew3to spread; disseminate (rumors, ideas, feelings)4[to] cast (a fishing net)เมล็ดข้าวmá-lét-kâaoเมล็ดข้าวmá-lét-kâao1rice grain (unit)2rice seed (for planting)ชาวนาchaao-naaชาวนาchaao-naarice farmerต้องdtɔ̂ngต้องdtɔ̂ng1must; have to2must; bound toทำtamทำtam1[to] do; make2[to] act; behave3[to] cook; prepare food4[to] do; carry out (work)5[to] cause; makeเทือกtʉ̂ʉakเทือกtʉ̂ʉak1range; chain (esp. mountains)2lineage; stock; kind3puddled soil; prepared rice seedbedให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3to; for [sb] (recipient)4[to] have [sb] do; cause to5for (benefit of)6so that; in order to7until; to the point that (result)เรียบrîiapเรียบrîiap1smooth; even; flat2plain; unadorned3neat; orderly; trim4completely; all gone5quiet; subdued (tone/style)6[to] be smooth; be even; lie flatเพื่อไม่ให้pʉ̂ʉa-mâi-hâiเพื่อไม่ให้pʉ̂ʉa-mâi-hâiso that not; in order not to; to prevent [sth]น้ำขังnáam-kǎngน้ำขังnáam-kǎng1standing water; stagnant water2[to] have standing water; [to] become waterloggedเป็นbpenเป็นbpen1to be (identity/category/state)2to become3[to] know how; be able to (skill)4alive; living5[to] have; suffer from; be in (a condition)แอ่งɛ̀ɛngแอ่งɛ̀ɛng1pool; puddle (in a hollow)2depression; hollow3classifier: pools/basins/hollows4basin (geographic)
Before sowing rice seeds, farmers need to level the muddy seedbed so that water does not collect in pools.
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หลังจากlǎng-jàakไถtǎiและlɛ́คราดkrâatจนjonดินdinเป็นbpenโคลนkloonละเอียดlá-ìiatแล้วlɛ́ɛoพ่อpɔ̂ɔก็gɔ̂ปรับbpràpเทือกtʉ̂ʉakให้hâiเสมอกันsà-mə̌ə-ganทั่วtûuaแปลงbplɛɛng
After plowing and harrowing the soil into fine mud, Dad leveled the muddy seedbed across the entire plot.
การทำgaan-tamเทือกtʉ̂ʉakให้ได้hâi-dâaiระดับrá-dàpไม่เพียงmâi-piiangช่วยให้chûuai-hâiหว่านwàanข้าวkâaoได้dâaiสะดวกsà-dùuakแต่ยังdtɛ̀ɛ-yangช่วยให้chûuai-hâiจัดการjàt-gaanน้ำnáamในnaiแปลงนาbplɛɛng-naaได้dâaiทั่วถึงtûua-tʉ̌ng
Preparing a level muddy seedbed not only makes sowing rice easier but also helps farmers manage water throughout the paddy.
ชาวนาchaao-naaที่tîiชำนาญcham-naanจะjàดูduuสภาพsà-pâapเทือกtʉ̂ʉakเป็นหลักbpen-làkไม่mâiยึดyʉ́tตายตัวdtaai-dtuuaว่าwâaต้องdtɔ̂ngหว่านwàanหลังlǎngเตรียมdtriiamดินdinกี่gìiวันwanเพราะprɔ́หากhàakโคลนkloonยังเหลวyang-lěeoเกินไปgəən-bpaiเมล็ดข้าวmá-lét-kâaoอาจàatจมลึกjom-lʉ́kจนjonงอกngɔ̂ɔkได้dâaiไม่ดีmâi-dii
Experienced rice farmers judge mainly by the condition of the muddy seedbed rather than sowing a fixed number of days after soil preparation, because if the mud is still too runny, the seeds may sink too deep to germinate well.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingDead syllableLong vowelEnds in -ก, a stop, so it is dead.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
Falling tone
tʉ̂ʉak
Starts high, rises a little, then drops clearly.
Low class + No tone mark + Dead syllable · Long vowel → Falling
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |