หลุม
lǔmMeanings
1NounA2
hole; pit
an opening or cavity in the ground or a surface, natural or man-made
Examples
หน้าnâaหน้าnâa1face2front; frontage3page4next; upcoming5in front; at the front6season; time of yearโรงเรียนroong-riianโรงเรียนroong-riian1school (institution)2school (building)มีmiiมีmii1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoหลุมlǔmหลุมlǔm1hole; pit2dent; depression3socket; socket-like cavity4grave pitบนbonบนbon1on; upon; in; above2upper; top3[to] vow (at a shrine)ถนนtà-nǒnถนนtà-nǒnroad; street
There is a hole in the road in front of the school.
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It rained heavily last night, causing several holes in the field.
The worker said to watch out for the hole in the floor because they just repaired the pipe.
นักปีนเขาnák-bpiin-kǎoหลบหลุมlòp-lǔmโคลนkloonระหว่างทางrá-wàang-taangเพื่อไม่ให้pʉ̂ʉa-mâi-hâiรองเท้าrɔɔng-táaoติดdtìt
The hiker avoided mud pits along the path to keep their shoes from getting stuck.
2NounB1
dent; depression
a sunken or hollowed area on a surface
Examples
โต๊ะไม้dtó máaiโต๊ะไม้dtó máaiwooden tableตัวdtuuaตัวdtuua1body; self; person (colloq.)2classifier: animals, garments, furniture, certain items; people (informal)3character; figureนี้néeนี้née1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)มีmeeมีmee1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoหลุมlǔmหลุมlǔm1hole; pit2dent; depression3socket; socket-like cavity4grave pitเล็กlékเล็กlék1small; little2young; younger; youngest3minor; slightๆ-ตรงdtrongตรงdtrong1straight (not bent)2directly; straight (direction/path)3direct; straightforward; frank4[to] be straight; align5exact; matching; correspondingมุมmumมุมmum1corner2angle3point of view; perspectiveจากjàakจากjàak1from; away from2[to] leave; depart; part from3nipa palmรอยroiรอยroi1mark; stain2trace; sign3line; groove; crease4scar5track; footprintบุ๋มbŭmบุ๋มbŭm1indented; sunken2[to] dent; [to] cave inเก่าgàoเก่าgào1old; not new2former; previous3old-fashioned; outdated
This wooden table has a small indentation at the corner from an old dent.
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ฝาfăaผนังบ้านpà-năng bâanมีmeeหลุมตื้นlŭm dtêunๆ-จากjàakการกดgaan gòtของkŏngมือจับประตูmeuu jàp bprà-dtoo
The house wall has a shallow hollow made by the door handle pressing against it.
พื้นpʉ́ʉnโลหะloo-hàมีmiiหลุมlǔmยุบyúpเป็นวงกว้างbpen-wong-gwâangทำให้tam-hâiวางwaangของkɔ̌ɔngแล้วlɛ́ɛoเอียงiiangเล็กน้อยlék-nɔ́ɔi
The metal surface has a wide depression, causing items placed on it to tilt slightly.
ฝากระโปรงfǎa-grà-bproongรถrótเป็นbpenหลุมlǔmลึกlʉ́kจากjàakแรงกระแทกrɛɛng-grà-tɛ̂ɛkทำให้tam-hâiผิวpǐuไม่เรียบmâi-rîiapเสมอกันsà-mə̌ə-gan
The car hood has a deep dent from an impact, making the surface uneven.
3NounB2
socket; socket-like cavity
a hollow that holds or fits something, as in a bone socket or a fitting
Examples
ทันตแพทย์tan-dtà-pâetทันตแพทย์tan-dtà-pâetdentistบอกว่าbòk wâaบอกว่าbòk wâa1[to] say/tell that; report/declare that2[of text/sign] say/indicate thatฟันกรามfan graamฟันกรามfan graammolar toothมีmeeมีmee1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoหลุมlǔmหลุมlǔm1hole; pit2dent; depression3socket; socket-like cavity4grave pitสำหรับsăm-ràpสำหรับsăm-ràp1for; intended for; for the purpose of2as for; regardingให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3[to] have [sb] do; cause to4for (benefit of)5so that; in order to6until; to the point that (result)รากฟันrâak fanรากฟันrâak fantooth root; root of a toothยึดyéutยึดyéut1[to] seize; confiscate2[to] hold; grip; fasten; secure3[to] occupy; seize control (of place/vehicle)4[to] adhere to; stick to [sth] (principle/position)อยู่yòoอยู่yòo1[to] live; reside; stay2to be (located); be at3progressive/continuative marker4to exist; remainอย่างyàangอย่างyàang1kind; type; sort2manner; way3classifier (for kinds/types)4in the manner of; -lyพอดีpo deeพอดีpo dee1just right; exactly suitable2exactly; just (in time/amount)3just enough4happen to; by chance5[to] fit exactly; be just right
The dentist said the molar has a socket that snugly holds the tooth root.
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ช่างchângอธิบายà-tí-baaiว่าwâaลูกปืนlûuk-bpʉʉnต้องdtɔ̂ngนั่งnângในnaiหลุมlǔmตลับลูกปืนdtà-làp-lûuk-bpʉʉnเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiหมุนmǔnได้dâaiลื่นlʉ̂ʉn
The mechanic explained that the bearing must sit in its socket so it can rotate smoothly.
แผ่นpɛ̀nข้อต่อkɔ̂ɔ-dtɔ̀ɔมีmiiหลุมlǔmสำหรับเดือยsǎm-ràp-dʉʉaiโลหะloo-hàเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiชิ้นส่วนchín-sùuanประกบbprà-gòpกันganอย่างyàangแน่นnɛ̂n
The joint plate has a socket for the metal peg, allowing the parts to fit tightly together.
กะโหลกศีรษะgà-lòhk sĕe-sàมีmeeหลุมlǔmเบ้าตาbâo dtaaที่รองรับtêe rong rápลูกตาlôok dtaaและláeเส้นประสาทsên bprà-sàatรอบrôpๆ-
The skull has the eye sockets that hold the eyeballs and the surrounding nerves.
4NounB2
grave pit
a dug hole intended for burial
Examples
ชาวบ้านchaao-bâanชาวบ้านchaao-bâan1villagers; locals; rural residents2ordinary people; laypeople; the public3folksy; colloquial; plain (as a modifier)ช่วยกันchûuai-ganช่วยกันchûuai-gan1[to] help each other; cooperate2[to] do jointly; pitch in togetherขุดkùtขุดkùt1[to] dig2[to] excavate; unearth3[to] mine; extract4[to] pry into; dredge up (information)หลุมlǔmหลุมlǔm1hole; pit2dent; depression3socket; socket-like cavity4grave pitสำหรับฝังsǎm-ràp-fǎngสำหรับฝังsǎm-ràp-fǎngfor burial; for embeddingศพsòpศพsòp1corpse; dead body2the deceasedตามประเพณีdtaam-bprà-pee-niiตามประเพณีdtaam-bprà-pee-niitraditionally
The villagers worked together to dig a burial hole according to tradition.
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พรุ่งนี้เช้าprûng-níi-cháoจะมีjà-miiการเตรียมgaan-dtriiamหลุมlǔmให้hâiพร้อมprɔ́ɔmก่อนgɔ̀ɔnพิธีpí-tiiฌาปนกิจchaa-bpà-ná-gìt
Tomorrow morning the burial hole will be prepared before the cremation ceremony.
เจ้าหน้าที่jâao-nâa-tîiกำหนดgam-nòtตำแหน่งdtam-nɛ̀ngหลุมlǔmในnaiสุสานsù-sǎanอย่างรอบคอบyàang-rɔ̂ɔp-kɔ̂ɔpเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiสอดคล้องกับsɔ̀ɔt-klɔ́ɔng-gàpแผนผังpɛ̌ɛn-pǎngและlɛ́ความเชื่อkwaam-chʉ̂ʉaของkɔ̌ɔngครอบครัวkrɔ̂ɔp-kruua
Officials carefully designate the position of the burial hole in the cemetery to align with the layout and the family's beliefs.
หลังจากlǎng-jàakทำพิธีtam-pí-tiiเสร็จsètพวกเขาpûuak-kǎoกลบหลุมglòp-lǔmอย่างประณีตyàang-bprà-nîitและlɛ́ปักbpàkป้ายชื่อbpâai-chʉ̂ʉผู้ล่วงลับpûu-lûuang-lápไว้wáiที่tîiหัวhǔuaหลุมlǔm
After the ceremony, they carefully filled in the burial hole and placed the deceased's name plaque at the head of the grave.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classHigh classLeading หA silent ห before ล puts this syllable in high class.
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableEnds in -ม, a sonorant, so it is live.
High class consonants
ขฃฉฐถผฝศษสห
Result
Rising tone
lǔm
Dips low first, then rises clearly.
High class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Rising
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |