ภูธร
puu-tɔɔnMeanings
1AdjectiveB2
provincial; up-country
relating to the provinces or areas outside the capital city, especially outside Bangkok
Examples
เขาkǎoเขาkǎo1he; him2she; her3they; them (context-dependent)4horn5mountain; hillขอkɔ̌ɔขอkɔ̌ɔ1[to] request; ask for [sth]2polite request marker3[to] beg; plead4[to] wish for; pray forย้ายyáaiย้ายyáai1[to] move; relocate2[to] move house3[to] transfer (jobs; schools; departments)กลับglàpกลับglàp1[to] return; go/come back2[to] turn over/flip/reverse3back; in return4contrary; on the contraryไปทำงานbpai-tam-ngaanไปทำงานbpai-tam-ngaan[to] go to workเป็นbpenเป็นbpen1to be (identity/category/state)2to become3[to] know how; be able to (skill)4alive; living5[to] have; suffer from; be in (a condition)ตำรวจภูธรdtam-rùuat-puu-tɔɔnตำรวจภูธรdtam-rùuat-puu-tɔɔnprovincial policeที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerบ้านเกิดbâan-gə̀ətบ้านเกิดbâan-gə̀ətbirthplace; hometownของตัวเองkɔ̌ɔng-dtuua-eengของตัวเองkɔ̌ɔng-dtuua-eengone's own
He requested a transfer to work as a provincial police officer in his hometown.
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ธุรกิจค้าปลีกtú-rá-gìt-káa-bplìikในnaiต่างจังหวัดdtàang-jang-wàtยังคงyang-kongถูกtùukควบคุมkûuap-kumโดยdooiกลุ่มทุนglùm-tunภูธรpuu-tɔɔnรายใหญ่raai-yài
Retail business in the provinces is still controlled by major provincial capital groups.
นักการเมืองnák-gaan-mʉʉangท้องถิ่นtɔ́ɔng-tìnมักจะmák-jàสร้างฐานsâang-tǎanเสียงsǐiangจากjàakเครือข่ายkrʉʉa-kàaiภูธรpuu-tɔɔnเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiตนเองdton-eengชนะchá-náการเลือกตั้งgaan-lʉ̂ʉak-dtâng
Local politicians often build their voter base from provincial networks to win elections.
การกระจายอำนาจgaan-grà-jaai-am-nâatสู่sùuส่วนภูมิภาคsùuan-puu-mí-pâakจะjàช่วยchûuaiยกระดับyók-rá-dàpเศรษฐกิจsèet-tà-gìtและlɛ́คุณภาพชีวิตkun-ná-pâap-chii-wítของkɔ̌ɔngประชาชนbprà-chaa-chonในnaiระดับrá-dàpภูธรpuu-tɔɔnได้dâaiอย่างยั่งยืนyàang-yâng-yʉʉn
Decentralizing power to the regions will sustainably elevate the economy and quality of life for people at the provincial level.
2NounC1
king; monarch
a king, monarch, or sovereign (often used in poetic or literary contexts)
Examples
ในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)วรรณคดีwan-ná-ká-diiวรรณคดีwan-ná-ká-diiliterature (classical or esteemed works)เรื่องrʉ̂ʉangเรื่องrʉ̂ʉang1matter; issue; subject2story; tale3classifier for stories/films/cases4about; regarding (as a topic marker)นี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)องค์ongองค์ong1classifier: monks; royalty; deities; sacred statues2honorific prefix (royalty; deities; revered figures)3body (royal usage)4element; component (formal/technical)ภูธรpuu-tɔɔnภูธรpuu-tɔɔn1provincial; up-country2king; monarch3mountainทรงsongทรงsong1shape; form2style; look (e.g., hairstyle)3[royal] to have; possess4[royal] to be; to do5(royal) honorific prefixปกครองbpòk-krɔɔngปกครองbpòk-krɔɔng1[to] govern; rule2[to] administer; overseeบ้านเมืองbâan-mʉʉangบ้านเมืองbâan-mʉʉangcountry; nation; the state; societyด้วยdûuaiด้วยdûuai1with; together with2also; too; as well3by; by means of; using4because of; due to5because; since (formal/literary)6request particle; please; tooความเมตตาkwaam-mêet-dtaaความเมตตาkwaam-mêet-dtaacompassion; loving-kindness; mercy
In this literary work, the monarch rules the country with mercy.
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กวีgà-weeในnaiราชสำนักrâat-chá-săm-nákแต่งdtàengบทกวีbòt gà-weeเพื่อpêuuaสรรเสริญsăn-sĕrnพระเกียรติคุณprá-gìiat-dtì-kunของkŏngองค์ongภูธรpoo-ton
The court poet composed a poem to praise the prestige of the sovereign.
เหล่าlàoพสกนิกรpá-sòk-gà-ni-gonต่างdtàangน้อมรำลึกถึงnóm ram-léuk tĕungพระมหากรุณาธิคุณprá-má-hăa-gà-rú-naa-tí-kunของkŏngจอมjomภูธรpoo-tonที่têeทรงsongปกปักรักษาbpòk-bpàk rák-săaแผ่นดินpàen din
All the subjects humbly remembered the immense grace of the king who protected the land.
แม้mɛ́ɛจะjàทรงเป็นsong-bpenถึงtʉ̌ngพระpráภูธรpuu-tɔɔnผู้ยิ่งใหญ่pûu-yîng-yàiแต่dtɛ̀ɛพระองค์prá-ongก็gɔ̂มิmíเคยkəəiละทิ้งlá-tíngความทุกข์ยากkwaam-túk-yâakของkɔ̌ɔngคนยากไร้kon-yâak-ráiเลยləəiแม้แต่น้อยmɛ́ɛ-dtɛ̀ɛ-nɔ́ɔi
Even though he was a great monarch, he never neglected the hardships of the destitute in the slightest.
3NounC2
mountain
a mountain (poetic or archaic usage)
Examples
คำว่าkam-wâaคำว่าkam-wâathe word/term (introductory marker)ภูธรpuu-tɔɔnภูธรpuu-tɔɔn1provincial; up-country2king; monarch3mountainในnaiในnai1in; inside; within2during; in (time)3of; belonging to (formal)วรรณคดีwan-ná-ká-diiวรรณคดีwan-ná-ká-diiliterature (classical or esteemed works)บทbòtบทbòt1chapter; section2lesson (unit of study)3role; part (acting)4script/text; lyrics5classifier for stanzas, chapters, and lessons6clause; provision (law/regulation)7role; duty; function8stanzaนี้níiนี้níi1this (near speaker)2this one3this; the present (time/topic)ไม่ได้mâi-dâaiไม่ได้mâi-dâai1cannot; not allowed; impossible2did not3[to] fail to get/receive [sth]4unacceptable; not allowed (won’t do)5No way!; absolutely not6not really/actually (corrective)แปลว่าbplɛɛ-wâaแปลว่าbplɛɛ-wâa1[to] mean (of a word/symbol); signify2[to] translate as3that means; which means; in other wordsพระมหากษัตริย์prá-má-hǎa-gà-sàtพระมหากษัตริย์prá-má-hǎa-gà-sàt1king; monarch (formal)2classifier: พระองค์ (for a monarch)แต่dtɛ̀ɛแต่dtɛ̀ɛ1but; however (contrast)2only; just (restriction)3from; since (starting point)หมายถึงmǎai-tʉ̌ngหมายถึงmǎai-tʉ̌ng1[to] mean; denote; refer to2[to] mean (to say); intend (one’s words)ภูเขาpuu-kǎoภูเขาpuu-kǎomountainขนาดใหญ่kà-nàat-yàiขนาดใหญ่kà-nàat-yài1large; big; large-scale2large size (option)
The word "phu-thon" in this literary passage does not mean a king, but refers to a large mountain.
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กวีgà-wiiบรรยายban-yaaiภาพpâapความสงบkwaam-sà-ngòpเงียบngîiapของป่าkɔ̌ɔng-bpàaใหญ่yàiที่tîiตั้งอยู่dtâng-yùuเชิงchəəngภูธรpuu-tɔɔnได้dâaiอย่างงดงามyàang-ngót-ngaam
The poet beautifully describes the tranquility of the great forest situated at the foot of the mountain.
ยอดyɔ̂ɔtภูธรpuu-tɔɔnตระหง่านdtrà-ngàanเสียดฟ้าsìiat-fáaถูกtùukปกคลุมbpòk-klumไปด้วยbpai-dûuaiเมฆหมอกmêek-mɔ̀ɔkตลอดทั้งปีdtà-lɔ̀ɔt-táng-bpiiตามdtaamคำพรรณนาkam-pan-ná-naaในnaiบทกวีbòt-gà-wiiโบราณboo-raan
The towering mountain peak piercing the sky is covered in mist year-round, according to the description in the ancient poem.
แสงทองsɛ̌ɛng-tɔɔngของkɔ̌ɔngดวงอาทิตย์duuang-aa-títอุùทัยtaiสาดsàatส่องกระทบsɔ̀ɔng-grà-tópเหลี่ยมlìiamภูธรpuu-tɔɔnสะท้อนsà-tɔ́ɔnความงามkwaam-ngaamอันanวิจิตรตระการตาwí-jìt-dtrà-gaan-dtaaตามdtaamฉันทลักษณ์chǎn-tá-lákไทยtai
The golden light of the rising sun strikes the mountain ridges, reflecting an exquisite beauty in accordance with Thai prosody.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
Why is ภูธร said ภู-ทอน?
puu-tɔɔn
The tone rules below use the spoken syllables.
2 syllables · pick one to see its rule
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingLive syllableA long vowel with no final consonant, so it is live.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
Mid tone
puu
Level, in your normal speaking voice.
Low class + No tone mark + Live syllable → Mid
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |