อุ
ùMeanings
1InterjectionB1
exclamation of pain/surprise/effort
A short exclamation expressing pain, surprise, or exertion. Example: อุอุù1exclamation of pain/surprise/effort2prefix (Pali/Skt.): up; out! เจ็บจัง (Ow! That hurts)
Examples
อุùอุù1exclamation of pain/surprise/effort2prefix (Pali/Skt.): up; outเจ็บนิ้วjèp-níuเจ็บนิ้วjèp-níu[to] have a sore finger or toeโดนdoonโดนdoon1[to] get; be subjected to (passive, often negative)2[to] be hit; be struck; be affected3[to] hit the mark; be spot on (slang/colloq.)กระดาษgrà-dàatกระดาษgrà-dàat1paper (material)2sheet of paper; piece of paper3paper; written or printed sheetบาดbàatบาดbàat1[to] cut; wound (by something sharp)2[to] hurt; injure; sting (figurative/physical)3sharp; biting; stinging (to the senses)
Ow! My finger hurts—I got a paper cut.
3 more examplesShow less
Oh! That scared me—I thought a cockroach was running toward me.
Oh! I almost slipped and fell—good thing I grabbed the railing in time.
2NounC2
prefix (Pali/Skt.): up; out
A learned prefix related to Pali/Sanskrit ud-/ut-, conveying upward or outward movement, sometimes with an intensive meaning.
Examples
คำว่าkam-wâaคำว่าkam-wâathe word/term (introductory marker)อุดรù-dɔɔnอุดรù-dɔɔn1Udon; Udon Thani (short form)2north; northern (literary/Sanskritic)หมายถึงmǎai-tʉ̌ngหมายถึงmǎai-tʉ̌ng1[to] mean; denote; refer to2[to] mean (to say); intend (one’s words)ทิศเหนือtít-nʉ̌ʉaทิศเหนือtít-nʉ̌ʉanorth; northern directionมีmiiมีmii1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoรากrâakรากrâak1root (plant part)2root; origin; foundation3root (math)4root (linguistics)5[to] vomit; throw upจากjàakจากjàak1from; away from2[to] leave; depart; part from3nipa palmบาลีbaa-liiบาลีbaa-lii1Pali (language)2Pali (as a field of study)สันสกฤตsǎn-sà-grìtสันสกฤตsǎn-sà-grìtSanskrit (language)ที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerมีmiiมีmii1[to] have; possess2there is/are; exist3[to] experience; undergoอุปสรรคù-bpà-sàkอุปสรรคù-bpà-sàkobstacle; barrier; hindranceอุùอุù1exclamation of pain/surprise/effort2prefix (Pali/Skt.): up; outแปลว่าbplɛɛ-wâaแปลว่าbplɛɛ-wâa1[to] mean (of a word/symbol); signify2[to] translate as3that means; which means; in other wordsเหนือnʉ̌ʉaเหนือnʉ̌ʉa1north; the North2northern3above; over4superior to; above
The word ‘udon’ means north and derives from Pali-Sanskrit with the prefix ‘u-’ meaning ‘above/north.’
3 more examplesShow less
ในnaiคำว่าkam-wâaอุบัติเหตุù-bàt-dtì-hèetส่วนsùuanอุùมีที่มาจากmii-tîi-maa-jàakอุปสรรคù-bpà-sàkที่tîiสื่อความหมายsʉ̀ʉ-kwaam-mǎaiว่าwâaเข้าkâoหรือrʉ̌ʉเกิดขึ้นgə̀ət-kʉ̂nโดยdooiแผลงplɛ̌ɛngรูปrûupเมื่อmʉ̂ʉaประสมbprà-sǒmกับgàpรากคำrâak-kamอื่นʉ̀ʉn
In the word ‘ubattihet’ (accident), the ‘u-’ originates from a prefix conveying ‘enter/arise,’ with its form altered when combined with other roots.
อุทกภัยù-tók-gà-paiประกอบด้วยbprà-gɔ̀ɔp-dûuaiอุปสรรคù-bpà-sàkอุùที่tîiสื่อความหมายsʉ̀ʉ-kwaam-mǎaiว่าwâaขึ้นkʉ̂nหรือrʉ̌ʉเหนือnʉ̌ʉaเมื่อmʉ̂ʉaรวมกับruuam-gàpทกtókน้ำnáamจึงjʉngหมายถึงmǎai-tʉ̌ngน้ำnáamที่tîiขึ้นkʉ̂nสูงsǔungหรือrʉ̌ʉน้ำท่วมnáam-tûuam
‘Uthokaphai’ (flood) incorporates the prefix ‘u-’ meaning ‘up-’ or ‘above-’; combined with ‘thok’ (water), it refers to rising water or flood.
การใช้gaan cháiอุùในnaiคำไทยkam taiเชื้อสายchéuua săaiบาลีbaa-leeสันสกฤตsăn-sà-grìtเช่นchênอุทกศาสตร์ù-tók-gà-sàatอุดรเศวตu-don sà-wètและláeอุโบสถù-boh-sòtสะท้อนsà-tónบทบาทbòt-bàatของkŏngอุปสรรคù-bpà-sàkที่têeสื่อความหมายsèu kwaam măaiขึ้นkêunเหนือnĕuuaหรือrĕuเข้าkâoโดยdoiมีmeeการgaanกลมกลืนglom gleuunเสียงsĭiangตามdtaamกฎgòtสัทวิทยาsàt-tá-wít-tá-yaa
The use of ‘u-’ in Thai words of Pali-Sanskrit origin such as ‘uthokasat’ (hydrology), ‘udonsevet’ (northern white), and ‘ubosot’ reflects a prefix signifying up-, above-, or enter-, with phonological assimilation according to sound rules.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classMid class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingDead syllableA short vowel with no final consonant, so it is dead.
Mid class consonants
กจฎฏดตบปอ
Result
Low tone
ù
Starts low and stays low, easing slightly down.
Mid class + No tone mark + Dead syllable → Low
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |