รัฟ
rápMeanings
1NounB2
rough cut/draft
a preliminary, unfinished version (e.g., sketch, layout, rough cut) used for planning or review
Examples
เดี๋ยวdǐiaoเดี๋ยวdǐiao1soon; in a moment2for a moment; briefly; one moment3wait! just a moment4otherwise; or else (colloq.)5alternating; now … now …ผมpǒmผมpǒm1I; me (male speaker, polite)2hair (on the head)จะjàจะjà1will; shall (future/intention marker)2about to; going to (near future, often w/ กำลังจะ)3will; would (in conditional results)วาดwâatวาดwâat1[to] draw2[to] envision; imagineแบบbɛ̀ɛpแบบbɛ̀ɛp1style; type; kind; manner2classifier for types, styles, or designs3model; pattern; design; template4form; questionnaire5model; person posing6in a ... way; -ly (pre-head adverbial marker)รัฟrápรัฟráp1rough cut/draft2rough; unpolished (loanword)3[to] rough out; make a draftมาmaaมาmaa1[to] come; arrive2[to] come to (a state or situation)3past/as of now aspect markerให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3to; for [sb] (recipient)4[to] have [sb] do; cause to5for (benefit of)6so that; in order to7until; to the point that (result)ดูก่อนduu-gɔ̀ɔnดูก่อนduu-gɔ̀ɔn1[to] look first; check first2let's see; wait and seeถ้าtâaถ้าtâaif; in caseชอบchɔ̂ɔpชอบchɔ̂ɔp1[to] like; be fond of2tend to; usually3be proper; be fitting (formal)แล้วlɛ́ɛoแล้วlɛ́ɛo1already; now (as of this point)2then; and then; after that3already; completed-action marker4and; and then (linking clauses)ค่อยkɔ̂iค่อยkɔ̂i1gradually; little by little2gently; softly3not very; hardly (with negation)4then; later; only afterลงรายละเอียดlong-raai-lá-ìiatลงรายละเอียดlong-raai-lá-ìiat[to] go into detail; elaborate; specify
I'll draw a rough sketch for you to see first. If you like it, then we can work on the details.
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นี่nîiเป็นbpenแค่kɛ̂ɛวิดีโอwí-dii-ooตัวdtuuaรัฟrápนะnáยังไม่ได้yang-mâi-dâaiใส่sàiเสียงsǐiangหรือrʉ̌ʉแก้gɛ̂ɛสีsǐiเลยləəi
This is just the rough cut of the video. The sound and color correction haven't been added yet.
ในnaiขั้นตอนkân-dtɔɔnการนำเสนอgaan-nam-sà-nə̌əครั้งแรกkráng-rɛ̂ɛkเราraoจะjàใช้cháiแค่kɛ̂ɛเลย์เอาต์lee-aoที่tîiเป็นbpenรัฟrápเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaคุยkuiภาพรวมpâap-ruuamกับgàpลูกค้าlûuk-káa
In the first presentation stage, we will only use a rough layout to discuss the overall picture with the client.
บรรณาธิการban-naa-tí-gaanขอkɔ̌ɔตรวจดูdtrùuat-duuต้นฉบับdtôn-chà-bàpตัวdtuuaรัฟrápก่อนgɔ̀ɔnเพื่อpʉ̂ʉaพิจารณาpí-jaa-rá-naaโครงเรื่องkroong-rʉ̂ʉangและlɛ́ทิศทางtít-taangของkɔ̌ɔngหนังสือnǎng-sʉ̌ʉ
The editor requested to review the rough manuscript first to consider the plot structure and direction of the book.
2AdjectiveB2
rough; unpolished (loanword)
informal loanword meaning coarse, unfinished, or not yet refined; not finalized
Examples
แผนงานpɛ̌ɛn-ngaanแผนงานpɛ̌ɛn-ngaan1work plan; project plan2program plan; schemeที่tîiที่tîi1place; spot; seat; space2at; in; to (a place)3classifier: places; seats; individual servings4that/which/who (relative marker)5when; the time that (time marker)6ordinal markerส่งมาsòng-maaส่งมาsòng-maa[to] send/forward/submit (to me/us)นี่nîiนี่nîi1this (colloq.)2this; this one (pronoun)3here4here is…; look/listen (attention-getter)5you see; after all (colloq.)ยังyangยังyang1still; continuing2not yet (with ไม่)3yet? (question use)4still/even (emphatic degree)5to; towardรัฟrápรัฟráp1rough cut/draft2rough; unpolished (loanword)3[to] rough out; make a draftมากmâakมากmâak1very; extremely2much; a lot; greatly3many; numerousช่วยchûuaiช่วยchûuai1[to] help; assist [sb/sth]2please (request marker)3[to] save; rescue [sb]ไปbpaiไปbpai1[to] go2away; off (directional complement/particle)3on; onward; continuously (aspect marker)4(aspect) completed; already past5too; excessivelyลงรายละเอียดlong-raai-lá-ìiatลงรายละเอียดlong-raai-lá-ìiat[to] go into detail; elaborate; specifyเพิ่มpə̂əmเพิ่มpə̂əm1[to] increase; add2additional; more3more; extraให้hâiให้hâi1[to] give; provide2[to] allow; let; permit3to; for [sb] (recipient)4[to] have [sb] do; cause to5for (benefit of)6so that; in order to7until; to the point that (result)หน่อยnɔ̀iหน่อยnɔ̀i1a little; a bit2polite softener (request)
This work plan you sent is still very rough. Please go add more details.
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พื้นผิวpéun pĭuของkŏngงานปั้นngaan bpânชิ้นนี้chín néeยังyangดูdooรัฟๆráf ráfอยู่yòoเลยloieต้องdtôngขัดkàtอีกรอบèek rôpถึงจะtĕung jàสวยsŭuai
The surface of this sculpture still looks a bit coarse; it needs another round of polishing to be beautiful.
แนวคิดnaeo kítเรื่องrêuuangการตลาดgaan dtà-làatที่têeเขาkăoเสนอsà-nĕrมายังmaa yangค่อนข้างkôn kâangรัฟráfขาดkàatการวิเคราะห์gaan wí-krórกลุ่มเป้าหมายglùm bpâo măaiที่ชัดเจนtêe chát jayn
The marketing concept he proposed is still quite unrefined, lacking a clear analysis of the target audience.
บทแปลbòt-bplɛɛฉบับchà-bàpนี้níiยังyangรัฟrápอยู่yùuมากmâakมีmiiหลายlǎaiจุดjùtที่tîiต้องdtɔ̂ngเกลาglaoสำนวนsǎm-nuuanภาษาpaa-sǎaให้hâiสละสลวยsà-là-sà-lǔuaiกว่าgwàaนี้níi
This version of the translation is still very unfinished; there are many parts where the phrasing needs to be polished to be more elegant.
3VerbC1
[to] rough out; make a draft
to produce a rough version or preliminary draft of something (informal loanword usage)
Examples
เดี๋ยวdĭiaoเดี๋ยวdĭiao1soon; in a moment2for a moment; briefly; one moment3wait! just a moment4otherwise; or else (colloq.)5alternating; now … now …ผมpŏmผมpŏm1I; me (male speaker, polite)2hair (on the head)จะjàจะjà1will; shall (future/intention marker)2about to; going to (near future, often w/ กำลังจะ)3will; would (in conditional results)ลองlongลองlong[to] try; attemptร่างrâangร่างrâang1body; form; figure2draft; outline3[to] draft; sketch; outlineไอเดียai-diiaไอเดียai-diiaidea; thoughtออกมาòk maaออกมาòk maa1[to] come out; emerge2[to] be released; be made public3[to] turn out; end up4[to] come forward; speak outคร่าวๆkrâao krâaoคร่าวๆkrâao krâao1roughly; approximately2rough; approximateก่อนgònก่อนgòn1before; earlier; previously; first2previous; prior; formerแล้วláeoแล้วláeo1already; now (as of this point)2then; and then; after that3already; completed-action marker4and; and then (linking clauses)เราraoเราrao1we; us2I; me (informal/regional)ค่อยkôiค่อยkôi1gradually; little by little2gently; softly3not very; hardly (with negation)4then; later; only afterมาmaaมาmaa1[to] come; arrive2[to] come to (a state or situation)3past/as of now aspect markerคุยkuiคุยkui1[to] chat; talk2[to] discuss; talk over3[to] brag; boast4[to] talk to [sb] romantically; get to know a potential partner (colloq.)รายละเอียดraai-lá-ìiatรายละเอียดraai-lá-ìiatdetail; detailsกันganกันgan1together; together with2each other; one another (post-verb marker)3[to] prevent; keep [sth] out; ward off; block4protective; resistant to; -proof5I; me (informal, male speech)6[to] set aside; reserve; earmarkอีกทีèek teeอีกทีèek tee1again; once more2another time; later
I'll try to draft the ideas roughly first, then we can discuss the details again later.
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ทีมงานtiim-ngaanช่วยกันchûuai-ganร่างrâangสตอรี่บอร์ดsà-dtɔɔ-rîi-bɔ́ɔtสำหรับsǎm-ràpหนังสั้นnǎng-sânเรื่องใหม่rʉ̂ʉang-màiเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiเห็นภาพhěn-pâapรวมruuamของkɔ̌ɔngเรื่องrʉ̂ʉang
The team worked together to draft a storyboard for the new short film to see the overall picture.
ก่อนgɔ̀ɔnเริ่มrə̂əmเขียนโค้ดkǐian-kóotจริงjingโปรแกรมเมอร์bproo-grɛɛm-mə̂əควรkuuanร่างrâangโครงสร้างkroong-sâangของkɔ̌ɔngแอปพลิเคชันɛ́p-plí-kee-chânทั้งหมดtáng-mòtออกมาɔ̀ɔk-maaให้hâiเห็นภาพhěn-pâapก่อนgɔ̀ɔn
Before starting to write the actual code, the programmer should draft the entire application's structure to visualize it first.
ในnaiที่ประชุมtîi-bprà-chumผู้จัดการฝ่ายการตลาดpûu-jàt-gaan-fàai-gaan-dtà-làatได้dâaiร่างrâangแผนกลยุทธ์pɛ̌ɛn-gon-lá-yútประจำbprà-jamไตรมาสdtrai-mâatขึ้นkʉ̂nบนbonไวท์บอร์ดwái-bɔ́ɔtเพื่อให้pʉ̂ʉa-hâiทุกคนtúk-konเข้าใจkâo-jaiตรงกันdtrong-gan
In the meeting, the marketing manager drafted the quarterly strategic plan on the whiteboard so everyone would understand.
Tones
See how the spelling sets each syllable's tone, step by step.
How the tone is decided
- Consonant classLow class
- Tone markNo tone mark
- Syllable endingDead syllableShort vowelEnds in -ฟ, a stop, so it is dead.
Low class consonants
คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Result
High tone
ráp
Starts high and keeps climbing.
Low class + No tone mark + Dead syllable · Short vowel → High
Tone chart
Every class and spelling pattern, with this syllable outlined.
| Mid class | High class | Low class | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No mark + live | Mid | Rising | Mid |
| No mark + dead short | Low | Low | High |
| No mark + dead long | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai ek | Low | Low | Falling |
| Mai tho | Falling | Falling | High |
| Mai tri | High | — | — |
| Mai chattawa | Rising | — | — |